Stocking up presentation for launch
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Stocking up Centre for Policy Development's first report in its Sustainable Economy research program. The report looks at the real value of conserving Australian marine resources.
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Stocking up presentation for launch
- 1. Stocking Up: Securing our marine economy By Laura Eadie and Caroline Hoisington September 2011
- 2. Our marine economy— valuable but not fully visible? Fish nurseries, Carbon storage? pest and disease $15.8 billion control? $6.2 billion Economically ‘visible’ Commercial fishing $2.2 bn Boat/ship building $6.4 bn Marine tourism $11.1 bn Offshore oil & gas $24.2 bn Recreation & fishing? $1.9 billion
- 3. The world’s oceans are at risk of crashing 63 % of 65 – 80 % of stocks over- large predator fished fish gone 29 % of seagrass lost 61 % of corals since 1879 have gone 6 % drop in ocean productivity since 1990
- 4. We need to secure our marine asset base 1 in 5 Australians are 9,000 commercial $11 billion marine recreational fishers fishing jobs tourism industry World’s highest diversity 42 % Commonwealth 15 % decline in with over 4,000 fish fisheries over-fished or growth rate of species unknown long-lived corals in Great Barrier Reef1 Half Commonwealth World’s largest fisheries struggling to seagrass beds, cope with economic carbon storage pressure 10 – 40 times forests 1 The decline since 1990 is unprecedented in 400 years of records
- 5. Established MPAs show economic benefits • Larger, more fertile fish • Resistance to pollution, predators and disease • Immediate benefits for tourism • Better catch for recreational fishers within a few years • Higher and more stable long-term commercial fishing returns, if combined with good fisheries management
- 6. The South-west MPA could protect a further $1.1 billion per year Scientific blueprint –$1.5 billion per year in ecosystem services Proposed highly protected areas –$0.4 billion per year in ecosystem services Coastal shelf Existing and proposed oil and gas leases
- 7. Sustainably managed fisheries could VALUE worth billions PROJECTED be OF PRODUCTION FROM ALL AUSTRALIAN FISHERIES IN 20 YEARS $ Billions per annum Gross Value of Production1 (2011 terms) Current production 2.2 42 % increase Most likely baseline scenario 2.4 International ecological collapse 3.1 1This includes fish products from aquaculture, for which prices are also expected to rise Source: CPD analysis using Delgado 2003
- 8. Some simple measures can secure our economic future 1. Invest in marine protected areas that meet scientific recommendations for coastal shelf, seagrass and coral reefs 2. Rebuild fish stocks with a view to raising target stock levels to 50 – 75 per cent of un-fished biomass 3. Ensure sustainable management for all commercial fisheries 4. Establish baseline data for recreational catch levels and un- fished biomass
- 9. For more information... Copies of ‘Stocking Up’ are avail http://cpd.org.au/2011/09/stoc
Hinweis der Redaktion
- The Sustainable Economy program asks “How do we transform our economy to operate within environmental limits?”Some may argue it doesn’t matter (we will have the technology), or will happen anyway. This is a narrow economic view.Sensible economics recognises reality as more than an externality. People count, trees count, fish count, and importantly, jobs count.It recognises that a strong economy depends on a healthy environment. Not the other way around.This report is a first national assessment of the full economic value provided by our marine assets.It asks three questionsWhat are the threats to Australia? What policies, principles and actions can we take to improve the security of our fish stocks and marine resources?How can we secure the asset base that underpins our marine economy to provide long-term, thriving regional economies and jobs?
- Since I’m wearing an economic hat, I’ll start with the money question – What is our marine economy worth?Conventional economic accounting – what is visible economically - $44 billionBut that’s not all. What about the value nature provides for free? We may not pay directly in dollars for ecosystem services, but many Australians would be willing to.Ecosystem services = transformation of natural assets into things we value.For example, algae and plankton transform the “raw” ingredients – oxygen, water, sunlight, nutrients – into food for fish and ultimately for us.If we allow natural assets to decline, so do the benefits. But if we look after and maintain them, we can benefit from greater returns.
- The world’s oceans are at risk of collapse, with potentially catastrophic social an economic impacts.We’re already seeing significant impacts from decades or even centuries of treating our oceans as an extractive resource.Now also see climate change increasing pressure on already disrupted systems.For those of you who deal with people not yet convinced about climate change, we find it’s useful to communicate concrete examples of how climate change is already affecting the world.
- Australia is not immune to global pressures. Stocking up finds there are serious risks to our oceans and the people who depend on them. Rising global food demand – both a risk and a potential opportunityDeclining productivityIncreasing risk of ecosystem collapse – unless significant action taken soon, may end up with nothing but jellyfishWe have a very valuable asset base. Need to look after it so we have jobs today and tomorrow“Above the line”, or above the water see value that we capture in economic accounts.What is often not recognised, or “below the water” are the assets those values rely on.Commonwealth fisheries – up to 39 % of costs are fuel. These aren’t going down.
- Fortunately, Australia can provide a secure economic future for the industries and regional economies that rely on a healthy marine environment, if we are smart about how we manage our resources.Marine protected areas are a key investment to reduce risk. Like a portfolio of investments spread across a range of assets with different risks and returns, need highly protected zones, multiple use zones, and well managed commercial fishing estate.Larger, more fertile fish10 times as many large fish in highly protected zones in rocky reefsFemale fish twice as large produce 10 – 100 times as many eggsResistance to pollution, predators and diseaseCrown-of-thorns starfish in the Great Barrier reefs are three to four times as frequent on fished reefs as highly protected reefsImmediate benefits for tourismRe-appearance of top predators. Better catch for recreational fishersIncreased fish biomass outside highly protected zones, depending on species and fishery management Bateman’s Bay, best snapper fishing in a decade after only 4 yearsMore stable stock and better long-term commercial fishing returnsGBR – 2/3 still open for fishing Great Barrier reef Coral Trout reducing TAC in combination with highly protected zones increased biomass by 10%, net economic returns increased or only lowered slightlySpillover effects – GBR coral trout Replenishment of stocks exposed to external shocksValue of MPAs increasingly recognised by public$434 - $811 million for 1% improvement in GBR2/3 agree at least 30% of waters off WA should be protected, 60% of frequent fishers
- Do need to make sure highly protected zones are in areas where they can be most effective for both industry and conservation.In the South-west of Australia, the areas with highest ecosystem service value don’t line up with where highly protected zones are currently planned.$453 million commercial fishing mostly (WA rock lobster) $45 million revenue from whale and dolphin watching Total ES value in South-west marine region estimated at $2.9 billion per year Current proposal covers 20% of S-W and includes areas that provide $453m in ES Adjusting proposed highly protected areas to include coastal shelf, coral and seagrass could protect areas that provide a further $1.1 billion/year Seagrass meadows are important breeding grounds in Abrolhos Islands, Geographe Bay, Cape Naturalist and Western Chain of Lagoons Coral reefs in Recherche Archipelago and Abrolhos Islands Many in state waters, but surrounded by Commonwealth waters which provide transit for large schools of migratory fish and sea lions Given high risks to coral and seagrass, well-designed MPAs are a critical investment in the economic future of the South-West region
- It’s also important to rebuild fish stocks.As a buffer against sudden declines – WA rock lobster was 20% of Australia’s total export value, well managed, first Marine Stewardship Council certification. But sudden and unknown crash in reproduction in last few yearsTo provide better economic returns for commercial fishersAustralia has a strong policy foundation for rebuilding fish stocks. But 42 per cent of Commonwealth Fisheries remain over-fished or unknown. Need to take climate change and other risks into account in setting buffer against sudden declines.Could rebuild by increasing target biomass by a few percent a year.
- Australia is somewhat ahead of the rest of the world in marine and fishery management policies.But is good, good enough to deal with future risks or position us for future opportunities?Need to design fishery and marine management policies as contingency plans.