2. This time is known as the
Age of Inventions –
The world was changing
very quickly.
3. First photographs
In 1826, French scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, took this photograph,
titled ‘View from the Window at Le Gras’, at his family’s country home. Niépce
produced his photo—a view of a courtyard and outbuildings seen from the
house’s upstairs window—by exposing a bitumen-coated plate in a camera for
several hours on his windowsill.
5. First Steinway Piano
One of the first Steinway pianos, built in the
kitchen of master cabinet maker Henry
Engelhard Steinweg in Seesen, Germany in 1836.
6. • Died at the Alamo 1836
• Texas was not a state was yet. It was at war with
Santa Ana, President of Mexico.
Davey Crockett
7. Pullman sleeping cars on trains
• 1838 photo
• If you traveled
by train, this was
the “1st class” way To
sleep. In “coach”
class, you slept
sitting up in your
seat.
8. Charles Dickens
• 1843 – This English author published “A
Christmas Carol” – the story of Scrooge and the
ghosts of Christmas past, present, and future.
10. California Gold Rush 1848
• Gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill, sparking
a rush of people looking to make their
fortune.
11. Edgar Allen Poe dies 1849
• An American poet
and writer, Poe
specialized in
mysteries and
horror stories.
• If you want to stay
awake at night, read
his story, “The
Telltale Heart.”
12. First railroad tunnel
• Walk through 1,477
feet of railroad and
Civil War history at
the Western and
Atlantic Tunnel,
completed in 1850.
It was the first
major railroad
tunnel in the South.
13. Singer Sewing Machine 1851
You operate
this machine
by rocking the
foot pedal
back and
forth. It was
not electric.
You could sew
even stitches
more quickly
than by hand.
14. Moby Dick published 1851
• Herman
Melville wrote
this story of
Captain Ahab
and his epic
battle with the
great white
whale, Moby
Dick.
15. By the time the American
Civil War broke out in 1861,
chloroform had been in use
for several years as a method
of surgical anesthesia.
Developed in the 1840s,
chloroform was non-
flammable. During the Civil
War, chloroform became an
essential tool for military
doctors, who performed tens
of thousands of amputations
and other types of
procedures for wounded
Union and Confederate
soldiers.
James Simpson developed Chloroform
16. Jack Clements, a player on the Philadelphia
Quakers, poses at a photography studio in
Boston in the days before players carried mitts
onto the baseball diamond.
Baseball
becomes
popular in
1860s
17. The first British Open
was played on Oct. 17,
1860, at Prestwick Golf
Club in Scotland. A field
of eight professionals
played three rounds of
Prestwick’s 12-hole
course in one day.
Here is the trophy that
is now given each year.
Famous Golf Tournament Starts –
The British Open
18. Pasteurization
• Louis Pasteur was a French
chemist and microbiologist who
was one of the most important
founders of medical
microbiology. He discovered
that microorganisms cause
fermentation and disease;
originated the process of
pasteurization; saved the beer,
wine, and silk industries in
France; and developed vaccines
against anthrax and rabies.
19. Lincoln abolishes slavery 1863
The 13th Amendment to the
U.S. Constitution officially
abolished slavery in America,
and was ratified on December
6, 1865, after the conclusion of
the American Civil War. The
amendment states: “Neither
slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a
punishment for crime whereof
the party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the
United States, or any place
subject to their jurisdiction.”
20. • Lincoln was assassinated in 1865. This is a
drawing for newspaper stories that was done
after it happened.
21. • First typewriters – 1867 – Now typewriters
have been replaced by computer word
processors.
22. Sitting Bull – Lakota Nation Chief
This is a
modern poster
against
discrimination.
It quotes
Sitting Bull.
23. Mark Twain
• In 1869 “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” was
published. It told the story of Tom Sawyer and
his friend Huckleberry Finn.
24. The First Telephone Call - March 10, 1876
• What were the first words ever spoken on the
telephone? They were spoken by Alexander Graham
Bell, inventor of the telephone, when he made the
first call on March 10, 1876, to his assistant, Thomas
Watson: "Mr. Watson--come here--I want to see
you." What would you have said?
Bell on the
telephone in New
York (calling Chicago)
in 1892
25. 1878 - Phonograph
• Thomas Edison
invented the
phonograph,
the first
machine to
make it
possible to
record and
play back
sound.
26. Electric Light
• On December 31, 1879, after years of work and thousands of
experiments, Edison gave the first public demonstration of the
incandescent light bulb at his laboratory in Menlo Park, New
Jersey. An incandescent light has a thread-like object, or
filament, that gives off light when heated to incandescence
(hot enough to emit light) by an electric current.
28. 1883 1st
skyscraper – 10
stories high in
Chicago
Now the Willis Tower in
Chicago is the tallest building
there at 108 stories. It used to
be called the “Sears Tower.”
30. 1894 – X-rays
• On 8 Nov, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad
Röntgen (accidentally) discovered an
image cast from his cathode ray
generator.
• A week after his discovery, Rontgen
took an X-ray photograph of his wife's
hand which clearly revealed her
wedding ring and her bones. The
photograph amazed the general public
and caused great scientific interest in
the new form of radiation. Röntgen
named the new form of radiation X-
radiation (X standing for "Unknown").
Hence the term X-rays
32. Audobon – Bird Studies
• This artist studied and drew birds around the
country. His publications became important
guides to bird species.
33. Program Music – A New Style
• Music in the Romantic Era often tried to tell a
story or communicate an emotion or a mood.
This was called “Program” music.
• Music also tried to have “National” sounds,
and composers tried to write music that
would sound like specific country’s styles, for
example “Spanish”, or “Russian”.
34. The Sorcerer’s Apprentice
Paul Dukas – French composer.
He was famous for this
“symphonic poem”.
It tells the story of a young
assistant to a magician who plays
with his master’s magic and gets
in trouble. Disney used the
music as the basis for a cartoon
starring Mickey Mouse. Later
Disney made a movie with this
name that used the same music
in this scene from the movie
advertisement.
35. The Nutcracker
• Peter Tchaikovsky –
Russian composer.
• He is famous for this
ballet story of a girl’s
dream after being given
a nutcracker doll as a
Christmas gift.
• Next is a video of one of
the most popular
dances from the story –
“The Dance of the
Sugarplum Fairy.”
36. 1812 Overture
Tchaikovsky also wrote this major piece. It uses
musical melodies to tell the story of the war
between Russia and France that occurred in
1812. He planned for there to be real cannons
firing at certain points in the music. Now, in the
USA, this music is popular at 4th of July fireworks
displays. Check out this TV broadcast of a 4th of
July celebration in Washington, D. C., using this
music.
37. Ride of the Valkyries
Richard Wagner
• German composer and
conductor.
• He wrote operas and was
famous for “Ring Cycle”
– Set of 4 operas about Norse
gods
– Developed the Leitmotif –
theme for a person. This idea
has been copied in our modern
music – think of the Darth
Vadar theme in Star Wars, or
the Indiana Jones theme.
38. Ride of the Valkyries
The Valkyries were magical creatures that would come
after a battle to take the souls of the best warriors to
Valhalla (The Norse home of the gods.) Here is a scene
from an opera showing this. Notice how the set is
designed to represent the horses as the women fly
through the air. You may recognize the theme music in
the brass section.
39. Pictures at an Exhibition
• Modest Mussorgsky – Russian
composer
• The piece consists of musical
descriptions of 10 paintings by
Hartmann – a friend of
Mussorgsky.
• Next is one of the descriptions,
“The Great Gate of Kiev”,
about entering this Russian city
through it’s main gate. This
gate is still there as a historical
monument.
40. Night on Bald Mountain
Mussorgsky wrote
this piece to tell the
musical fictional story
of a group of witches
having a party on a
mountain. Today this
music is especially
popular around
Halloween. Listen to
it next.
41. Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
• Russian composer
–Capriccio
Espagnol
• This piece
was designed
to make the
audiences
think of
Spain. You
can listen to it
next.
42. Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov - Scheherazde
Bedtime stories took on a new meaning for
Scheherazade. Her husband, the Sultan, had the nasty
habit of marrying a woman at night and killing her in
the morning. So Scheherazade thought up a plan.
Every night she would tell him a story, and leave it
hanging. 1001 captivating stories later, he decided to
keep her and her life was spared.
These “Tales of the Arabian Nights” inspired Russian
composer Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov to compose a
symphonic suite called Scheherazade in 1888.
In the example you will see and hear next, the violin
solo represents the beautiful Scheherazade.
43. Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
– Flight of the Bumblebee
– This piece was designed to make the listener imagine a
very busy, very fast bumblebee. Watch this performance
and see if you can see why people think the music does
show a bumblebee.
44. Johannes Brahms
• German composer
• Wrote in all musical
forms except opera
• “Hungarian Dances”
were designed to make
the listener imagine
gypsy dances in
Hungary.
45. Words to Brahms “Lullaby” –
one English version
Roses whisper good night 'neath silvery light
Asleep in the dew they hide from our view
When the dawn peepeth through God will wake them and you
When the dawn peepeth through God will wake them and you
Slumber sweetly my dear for the angels are near
To watch over you the silent night through
And to bear you above to the dreamland of love
And to bear you above to the dreamland of love
Listen to this piece played on piano and see if you recognize it.
46. Franz Schubert
• Shubert was a
German composer of
art songs – music of
accompaniment in
piano is designed to
illustrate the story of
the song. He wrote
over 600 of these
songs.
47. Gretchen am Spinnrade
Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel
• Gretchen am Spinnrade tells the story of an
unhappy scholar, Faust, who makes a deal
with the devil. The agreement states that
Faust will be served by the devil until the
moment when he reaches the peak of his
happiness and then he will die and serve
the devil in Hell. Faust falls in love with and
starts to spend time with Gretchen. The
song tells the story of Gretchen at her
spinning wheel thinking about her time with
Faust and his presence.
• In this performance listen to how the piano
represents the constantly moving spinning
wheel.
48. Shubert’s “Erlkonig” (Erl King)
• The poem tells the story of a boy riding home on horseback in
his father’s arms. The boy is frightened when he sees the Erl-
King, a powerful and creepy supernatural being. The boy’s
father, however, cannot see or hear the creature and tells the
boy that his imagination is playing tricks on him. The boy
grows increasingly terrified by what he hears from the Erl-
King, but his father tells him that the things he thinks he sees
and hears are only the sights and sounds of nature on a dark
and stormy night. When the Erl-King eventually seizes the boy,
the father spurs on his horse, but when he arrives home his
son is dead.
• Here is the song sung in the original German. The pictures tell
the story.
49. “Carmen” - “Toreador song”
• Georges Bizet – French
composer
• The opera tells the story of the downfall
of Don José, a young soldier who is
seduced by the Gypsy, Carmen. José
abandons his childhood sweetheart and
deserts from his military duties to be with
Carmen, yet loses Carmen's love to the
glamorous toreador (bullfighter)
Escamillo, after which José kills her in a
jealous rage.
• In the scene you will see here, Escamillo is
arriving at a tavern after a bull fight and
singing to his fans.
50. • Claude Debussy was a French
composer who helped to
develop a kind of Romantic
music called impressionism.
Here is an animated version of
a piano piece he wrote called
“First Arabesque”. You can
imagine a ballet dancer moving
to this music.
Debussy
51. The “Sunken Cathedral”
Debussy wrote this piano piece to tell the fictional
story of a Cathedral (Large church). The people of
the congregation were so bad that God made their
church sink into the sea. Every morning it would
rise from the sea, and they could see it, but not go
to it. Every evening it would sink back to the sea.
See if you can identify when the piano imitates the
church bells, and when the cathedral rises and falls
in the next piano performance of this piece.
52. Johann Strauss Jr.
Johann was one of four men in the
Strauss family who were world famous
for their beautiful music, especially
waltzes. Each year, in Austria, the
Vienna Philharmonic orchestra presents
a concert of the Strauss family’s music
on New Year’s Day. Here is a piece from
the 2013 concert called “On the
Beautiful Blue Danube.” Strauss wrote
this in 1867 about the Danube River.
Notice this beautiful concert hall in
Vienna, Austria in this performance.
