8. History of the Theory
• Motivation Theory
• Animal vs. Human Behavior
Experiments
9. Controversy
• Evidence to support Needs
• Works do not consistently predict people’s behavior
(Schunk)
• Who really has a chance at becoming a
Self- actualizer?
(Lethbridge)
10. References
Eggen, Paul D., and Donald P. Kauchak. "10." Educational Psychology:
Windows on Classrooms. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Peason,
2013. 336-41. Print.
Maslow, Abraham H. Hierarchy of Needs: A Theory of Human Motivation.
www.all-about-psychology.com: n.p., 2011. Print.
Pearson, E. M. (1999). HUMANISM AND INDIVIDUALISM:
MASLOW AND HIS CRITICS. Adult Education Quarterly, 50(1), 41.
Hinweis der Redaktion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_MaslowMaslow’s Hierarchy of needs begin with those similar to animals. Human needs can determine the ability for that person to learn successfully. These needs begin with physiological needs covering the need to secure food, a safe emotional and physical environment, and the need to belong among family and peers and feel loved. After these basic needs are fulfilled the next important need is to be recognized for achievements . Finally, the feeling of reaching ones full potential. Humanistic Psychology: “the idea of a self, capable of growth, responsible for what one becomes, and capable of influencing social progress.” (Pearson)“Being true to yourself may at times intrinsically and necessarily be in conflict with being true to others. “ Maslow
A child in the stage of survival need still needs love and safety however the most important agenda they have is where and how they can get food. The desire to learn becomes impossible when hunger pains distract the child from focus. Fortunately in ways, schools have set up breakfast and lunches free of charge for students who qualify and the Utah Food bank has a back pack program. This allows children to pick up a bag of food, high in protein, on a Friday afternoon containing food and return it on Monday.“it is most likely that the major motivation would be the physiological needs rather than any others. A person who is lacking food, safety, love, and esteem would most probably hunger for food more strongly than anything else.” “It is then fair to characterize the whole organism by saying simply that it is hungry, for consciousness is almost completely preempted by hunger.” “for the man who is extremely and dangerously hungry, no other interests exist but food.”“those individuals in whom a certain need has always been satisfied who are best equipped to tolerate deprivation of that need in the future, and that furthermore, those who have been deprived in the past will react differently to current satisfactions than the one who has never been deprived.”
“A man, in this state, if it is extreme enough and chronic enough, may be characterized as living almost for safety alone.”“primarily in the needs of the adult, we can approach an understanding of his safety needs perhaps more efficiently by observation of infants and children, in whom these needs are much more simple and obvious”“it may be postulated that, for the child, the appearance of the whole world suddenly changes from sunniness to darkness, so to speak and becomes a place in which anything at all might happen, in which previously stable things have suddenly become unstable. Thus a child who because of some bad food is taken ill may, for a day or two, develop fear, nightmares, and a need for protection and reassurance never seen in him before his illness. Another indication of the child’s need for safety is his preference for some kind of undisrupted routing or rhythm.”“Also parental outburst of rage or threats of punishment directed to the child, calling him names, speaking to him harshly, shaking him, handling him roughly, or actual physical punishment sometimes elicit such total panic and terror in the child that we must assume more is involved than the physical pain alone.”Children need to feel emotionally safe and protected physically by their primary caregivers. Children abused physically or emotionally may react by screaming uncontrollably, or have panic attacks. They have difficulty in taking to a new situation, such as a classroom without going into full panic mode and learning can be difficult when they are treated like they are not smart.
Once the survival and safety needs have been met a person will seek to find love and acceptance from others as well as the ability to return such feelings. If a person is unable to find love or acceptance from others this can lead to other psychological issues. We want to feel like we belong, that we are wanted.
The majority of people in the U.S. have a desire to fit in, to be recognized by their peers and teachers. As people we need recognition for achievements and to be appreciated. Through recognition and approval we gain self-confidence, a sense of worth and being useful. Without recognition and approval we feel inferior, helpless and discouraged.
This need usually is not accomplished until all other needs are fulfilled. The need for self-actualization cannot be if we are not following our true passions. An artist must be able to create art, a mathematician to solve an equation, a doctor to help people to be well. Without true happiness in ones job and life, one cannot not reach their full potential. All taken from google images
The theory Hierarchy of Needs began with the Maslow wanting to know what motivates humans. Many other scientists over previous years set up various experiments using rats and other animals based on motivation. They were attempting to understand what motivates a being and more specifically what motivates humans. Maslow felt that the only way to truly know what motivates humans was to study them. His view to study humans was new to the science world. He believed that every human being has a list of base needs and that not every person is the same. He also noted that even though there is an order that many people will follow regarding based needs there are also people that might feel differently about some of these needs and not require them as strongly. For example, some people do not require the acceptance of others or the sense of the belonging and might completely skip over this base need to move on to realizing their dreams and reaching self-actualization.
Controversy regarding Maslow’s theory is that there are always exceptions to the rule, where people who have a serious illness accomplish amazing intellectual and aesthetic achievements. Some would argue that there is, “little research evidence exists to support description of needs, and because his work is unable to consistently predict people’s behavior.” (Schunk) Lethbridge believes that Maslow’s theories will only have elitists reaching level of self-actualization, and that Maslow wants a capitalist society.
