1. Health
Education-
Immunizations
Miss Chantelle Lessard-
Chaudoin M.P.H

2. Immunizations
 Immunizations help protect you or your
child from disease. They also help reduce
the spread of disease to others and
prevent epidemics. Most are given as
shots. They are sometimes called
vaccines, or vaccinations

3. How Immunizations Work
 when you get a vaccine, you get a tiny
amount of a weakened or dead form of
the organism that causes the disease. This
amount is not enough to give you the
actual disease. But it is enough to cause
your immune system to make antibodies
that can recognize and attack the
organism if you are ever exposed to it.

4. What Diseases Can Be
Prevented by Immunizations
 Bacterial meningitis.
 Chickenpox.
 Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (also known as whooping cough).
 Flu (influenza). This vaccine is not given to children younger than 6
months.
 Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, or Hib disease.
 Hepatitis A.
 Hepatitis B.
 Human papillomavirus (HPV).
 Measles, mumps, and rubella.
 Pneumococcal disease.
 Polio.
 Rotavirus

5. Immunization Schedule
 At birth- BCG, polio, hepatitis B
 6 weeks- DPT, polio, hepatitis B
 10 weeks- DPT, polio, hepatitis B
 14 weeks- DPT, polio, hepatitis B
 9 months- Measles
*BCG- Tuberculosis
*DPT- Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

6. Tuberculosis
 Latent TB. In this condition, you have a TB infection, but the bacteria
remain in your body in an inactive state and cause no symptoms.
Latent TB, also called inactive TB or TB infection, isn't contagious.
 Active TB. This condition makes you sick and can spread to others. It
can occur in the first few weeks after infection with the TB bacteria,
or it might occur years later. Most people infected with TB germs
never develop active TB.
 Signs and symptoms of active TB include:
 Cough
 Unexplained weight loss
 Fatigue
 Fever
 Night sweats
 Chills
 Loss of appetite

7. Polio
 Polio is a contagious viral illness that in its
most severe form causes paralysis,
difficulty breathing and sometimes death.
 Symptoms
 Loss of reflexes
 Severe muscle aches or spasms
 Loose and floppy limbs (flaccid paralysis),
often worse on one side of the body

8. Hepatitis B
 Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis
B virus (HBV). For some people, hepatitis B infection
becomes chronic, leading to liver failure, liver cancer or
cirrhosis — a condition that causes permanent scarring of
the liver.
 Symptoms
 Abdominal pain
 Dark urine
 Fever
 Joint pain
 Loss of appetite
 Nausea and vomiting
 Weakness and fatigue
 Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
 Some people never develop symptoms

9. Diphtheria
 Diphtheria (dif-THEER-e-uh) is a serious
bacterial infection usually affecting the
mucous membranes of your nose and
throat. Diphtheria typically causes a sore
throat, fever, swollen glands and
weakness. But the hallmark sign is a sheet
of thick, gray material covering the back
of your throat. This material can block
your windpipe so that you have to
struggle for breath.

10. Pertussis
 Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory
tract infection. In advanced stages, it's marked a severe, hacking
cough followed by a high-pitched intake of breath that sounds
like "whoop.“
 Once you become infected with whooping cough, it takes three
to 12 days for signs and symptoms to appear. They're usually mild
at first and resemble those of a common cold:
 Runny nose
 Nasal congestion
 Sneezing
 Red, watery eyes
 A mild fever
 Dry cough
 After a week or two, signs and symptoms worsen. Severe and
prolonged coughing attacks may:
 Bring up thick phlegm
 Provoke vomiting
 Result in a red or blue face
 Cause extreme fatigue
 End with a high-pitched "whoop" sound during the next breath
of air

11. Tetanus
 Tetanus is a serious bacterial disease that
affects your nervous system, leading to painful
muscle contractions, particularly of your jaw
and neck muscles. Tetanus can interfere with
your ability to breathe and, ultimately,
threaten your life. Tetanus is commonly known
as "lockjaw.“
 Symptoms
 Spasms and stiffness in your jaw muscles
 Stiffness of your neck muscles
 Difficulty swallowing
 Stiffness of your abdominal muscles
 Painful body spasms, lasting for several minutes,
typically triggered by minor occurrences, such
as a draft, loud noise, physical touch or light

12. Measles
 Measles is a childhood infection caused
by a virus. Once quite common, measles
can now be prevented with a vaccine.
Signs and symptoms of measles include
cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, sore
throat, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash
 Also called rubeola, measles can be
serious and even fatal for small children.
While death rates have been falling
worldwide as more children receive the
measles vaccine, the disease still kills
several hundred thousand people a year,
most under the age of 5.

13. Important Information about
Vaccines
 Children must get all recommended vaccinations
according to scheduled times or they may be
ineffective
 Immunizations protect against several dangerous
diseases. A child who is not immunized is more likely to
suffer illness, become permanently disabled or become
under-nourished and die.
 It is safe to immunize a child who has a minor illness, a
disability or who is malnourished
 All pregnant women need to be protected against
tetanus.
 A new or sterile needle and syringe must be used for
every person being immunized. People should insist on
this.