1) In 1953 the structure of arganisms: Was determined, as well as is role as the hereditary material for various a) Amino acids (b) DNA c) Protein d) Carbotydrates e) Lipids 2) Which of the following individuals are credited with the discovery of the itnucture of DNA? a) Jumes Watson and Arthur Komberg b) Francis Crick and Arthur Komberg s) Paul Erlich and James Watson (d) James Watson and Francis Crick e) Francis Crick and Paul Erlich 3) Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base found in DNA? a) Cytosine b) Adenine c) Guanine (c) Uracit D) Thymine 4) Different forms of the same gene are known as: a) Peptides b) Amino acids c) Proteina (d) Alleles e) Ciene differencen 5) Nucleic acids are composed of a series of a) Amino acids 4 (6) Nucleotides c) Nucleic chromosomes e d) Peptide chains x e) Sugars & 6) Which of the following correctly describes the structure of DNA as deternined in 1953? 1. A phosphate backbone with sugars linked together by nitrogenous base bonds. IX 2. A nugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases linked together by weak bonds t3. A nitrogenous base backcoone wite nuevars linked together by phodphate bonds. c) 37 it ean direct the function and behtvior of an orgaikm 8) By analycing patiernt of haheritance, geneticists can localize genes to specific cliromosomies and a) Chrothes localize genes to specilio positions within chectiose genes to specifie caromes. Thits is known as: (b) Chromosome counting b) Chiromosome mopping d) Cenome and positioning. e) Proteone analy ans 9) The collection of DNA molecules that is eherticteristie of an orginism is known as itst a) Allelic makeup b) Genome.) c) Phenotype d) DNa array. c) None of these 10) Which of the following beur describes the flow of informetion in a blological system? De Proin 11) The longent phase during the evkaryotic celi eycle generaily is: i) Gi b) G2 d) M - e) none of these 12) When a prokaryotic cell reproduces by mitosis, mhat as the end tesult? (a) produces genetically identical daughter celis b) prodaces haploid oftispring c) results in gametes for fartilizition d) none of these c) all of these 13) Which of the follosing is a method fos analyzing a eross involving fwo genes? a) Purinctt Square Method b) Forked-t ine Method c) Probability Metbod (d) All of the above o) None of the altave14) Identify the cancet iaryopge of an individal wht Turner Syndeome and the chromoaemal canes of the a) 450, barkI gene duplicafioe b) 47XX. CFIR genc aptication B 4.45KO, not-disyunctioa at melosis. d) 46XY, point mutatbon at MBI. 2 pene , o) 45XO, low penetrance of UCCL gene 15) In atgal and plact ceils, entrig can be produced in: (a) mitochondris and chloroplsats b) mitocberdtria c) chromosomes d) Eibosones e) endoplasmie retseulum 16) Which of the following struchures would you not espect to see in zal eukaryotic ocils? a) lipid membranes. b) miscihondris (9) chloreplats d) membeane bound organelles e) all of these are found in all cukaryotic cells 17) Why was Men.

1. 1) In 1953 the structure of arganisms: Was determined, as well as is role as the hereditary
material for various a) Amino acids (b) DNA c) Protein d) Carbotydrates e) Lipids 2) Which of the
following individuals are credited with the discovery of the itnucture of DNA? a) Jumes Watson and
Arthur Komberg b) Francis Crick and Arthur Komberg s) Paul Erlich and James Watson (d) James
Watson and Francis Crick e) Francis Crick and Paul Erlich 3) Which of the following is not a
nitrogenous base found in DNA? a) Cytosine b) Adenine c) Guanine (c) Uracit D) Thymine 4)
Different forms of the same gene are known as: a) Peptides b) Amino acids c) Proteina (d) Alleles
e) Ciene differencen 5) Nucleic acids are composed of a series of a) Amino acids 4 (6)
Nucleotides c) Nucleic chromosomes e d) Peptide chains x e) Sugars & 6) Which of the following
correctly describes the structure of DNA as deternined in 1953? 1. A phosphate backbone with
sugars linked together by nitrogenous base bonds. IX 2. A nugar-phosphate backbone with
nitrogenous bases linked together by weak bonds t3. A nitrogenous base backcoone wite nuevars
linked together by phodphate bonds. c) 37 it ean direct the function and behtvior of an orgaikm 8)
By analycing patiernt of haheritance, geneticists can localize genes to specific cliromosomies and
a) Chrothes localize genes to specilio positions within chectiose genes to specifie caromes. Thits
is known as: (b) Chromosome counting b) Chiromosome mopping d) Cenome and positioning. e)
Proteone analy ans 9) The collection of DNA molecules that is eherticteristie of an orginism is
known as itst a) Allelic makeup b) Genome.) c) Phenotype d) DNa array. c) None of these 10)
Which of the following beur describes the flow of informetion in a blological system? De Proin 11)
The longent phase during the evkaryotic celi eycle generaily is: i) Gi b) G2 d) M - e) none of these
12) When a prokaryotic cell reproduces by mitosis, mhat as the end tesult? (a) produces
genetically identical daughter celis b) prodaces haploid oftispring c) results in gametes for
fartilizition d) none of these c) all of these 13) Which of the follosing is a method fos analyzing a
eross involving fwo genes? a) Purinctt Square Method b) Forked-t ine Method c) Probability
Metbod (d) All of the above o) None of the altave14) Identify the cancet iaryopge of an individal
wht Turner Syndeome and the chromoaemal canes of the a) 450, barkI gene duplicafioe b) 47XX.
CFIR genc aptication B 4.45KO, not-disyunctioa at melosis. d) 46XY, point mutatbon at MBI. 2
pene , o) 45XO, low penetrance of UCCL gene 15) In atgal and plact ceils, entrig can be produced
in: (a) mitochondris and chloroplsats b) mitocberdtria c) chromosomes d) Eibosones e)
endoplasmie retseulum 16) Which of the following struchures would you not espect to see in zal
eukaryotic ocils? a) lipid membranes. b) miscihondris (9) chloreplats d) membeane bound
organelles e) all of these are found in all cukaryotic cells 17) Why was Mendel succesafal at
tracking pattems of isheritance whereas oher selentists were not? a) Mendel used the gander pea
which was a good model organism b) Mendel tracked only one conerasting phenotypic
characteristic at a time c) Mendel used an organiien that was true-beeding d) All of these e) Nocot
of these 18) A recessive trair is one that is: (3) Masked by a dominant trait, if a dominunt trait is
present in the genotypo b) Not masked ly any ather tratt present in the genotype o) Maskid by
another recessive trait, if mocher recessive trait is present in the genotype d) All of these c) Nane
of these 19) A dominant trait is one that: (a) Will always be cxpressed if it is present in the
genotype b) ls not observed in every genenation if it is peesent in the genotype e) Masked by a
recessive tratil, if a recessive trait is present in the genotype d) Ali of these c) Nose of these 20) A
monahybrid cross is one in which: (A) Two traits are being studicd at the same time b) One trait is

2. being studied e) Two organisms are being studied at the same time d) One organism is beiag
studied e) None of these 21) An arganism that inherits two different alleles for a single trait, one
from lts mother and one from lits fither is known as: a) liomouy bote b) Homo sapiens (c)
Heterozygated) Allelic veriation e) Blended inclvidual 22) The physieal apperesec of an ofganism
is konown as its. a) Genotype b) Cenetie code e) Mosaic nafare d) Hrtenorygasity 23) In a
tsooohybrid eross, if the P gencration consists of plants that are true-breeding (one is
homourygous 2) Phenotype donitant, the other hoenory gous recessive) and the Fi generation is
allowed to self-fertilize, then the F2 generation will cortsist of onganisens that exhiblt what patio of
homocygous dodinaat individuals to beteroey poas indiduals to homorygous recessive iedividuals?
a) 3:21 b) 131 c) 12:1 ifi, 3:1 c) 123 24) The principle of daminanee states that: 24) In t
beteroxygole, one allele can never conceal the fresence of another allele. (b) In a beterouygote,
one allele may cosiceal the pesesence of anothtr allele. d= c) In a homorybote, one allele may
never conceal the presence of another allele. d) In a bomoxy gote, ote allele may conceal the
presence of another allele. e) Nane of these 25) A ditybrid cross is one in which: a) Oos trait bes
studied (5) Tuo traits are studied at the same time c) Two organksms are studied at the same time
d) Fece traits are studied at the same time e) None of these 26) The principle of independent
assoctuieat states that: Q. The alleles of differest genes segregate independently of each other b)
The elleles of different genes segregate dependent upoar each other 4 c) The alleles of the same
genes do not segregate independeatly of each other d) None of these e) All of these 27) In tigers,
a recessive allele causes a white tiger. If two phenotypically normal tigers are moated and produce
a white ofssping, what percentage of their remaining of fspring is expected to be white? a) 5075 b)
25% e) 1004 d) 0 in 9) Cnable to deternine based upon the information giver 28) A man was born
with six fingers on each and six toes on eakh foot. His wife and their son have a normal. mumber
of digits. Hiaving extra digits is a dominat trait. The couples second child has extra digits. What is
the pirobability that their next child will have exira digits? a) Ints (b) 2598 c) 30729) What is a
genctic eross that would be expected bo yleld a 1:2it genotyplo ratio? 1). Seifeross (B) Mesohinbrif
eroas c) Dihybrid eross d) Teit eraks e] Hichs 10) Tho chi dequare atatistle is calculated as: (a) x2
=2(01) ZE b) x22(20)0 c) x2=(EO)I d) x2=(01)0 e) None of these 31) The degenes of freedom
associated with a chij-square test is equal to: (9). The rumber of data categorics minus ane. b) The
number of data categories divided by cee. 4) The number of data catcgories plas ane. d) The
number of measurements minas one. e) The namber of measuremencs plus one. 32) A diagram
that is used to show the relationships between family members and is uyed to tack genetic traits is
known as (n) : a) Punnee Square b) Pealigree c) Forked-Line d) Family Tree c) Probsbility
Diagram 33) If an allele has the same phenotypic effect in beterocygotes as in homoxygotes-that
is, the genotypes a a . and AA are phenotypically iadistinguishable then the allele is: a) Recessive
(b) Docmintat e) Incompletely dominant d) Codominant c) Partially dominant 34) When a
heteroxygous organism shows characteristics found in each of the asociated homoxygote states
because the different alleles contribote equally to the phenotype, the gene exhibits: (i) Srapie
domnance b) Semt-dominence c) Cocominsace d) Incomplefe dominance e) Partial dominance
35) A medieal technician is analyzing a blood sample in a clinacal lab. It is determined that the red
blood cells have both A antigens and B antigens present on their surface. In this case, the red
blood cells are exhabiting a genefic char acteristic known as: a) Simple docninance b) Incomplete

3. dominance c) Partid dominance d) Semitadominance t) Codominance36) Ahered forms of the wild
type allele are alse commonly knowe as: a) Varineles b) Mutates e) Odditiel d) All of these (C)
Wonc of these 37) The ABO blood system is Manans is coetroliod by three distingeaishable
alleles- This is ant example of what genetic princlple? a) incounpiete docininate b) Partil
dominancet c) Semi-dominance (d) Multiple alleles e) Picionuephesm 38) Mutations that Eimif
reproduction are known as: a) Eethal mutations (b) Surrile mutations c) Visizle mutations d) Non-
visible mutations e) Polymorphic mutations 39) If a mutation occurs and it impairs a vital function
of an organtam the mutation is known as a: a) Lethal mutatico b) Sterile mutation (c) Yisible
mutation dr Nog-yisibie mutation e) Polymocpatic motation 40) Polypeptides are maeromolecules
comprised of wbat mooomer sabunit? a) Nucicic acids b) Armitio acidss 6) Microcsolecules d)
Enimines d) Proteins 41) When individuals do not show a trait even though they have the
appropriate genotype, the trait is said to axhibit: a) Codominance (b) Incomplete doeninance
Incomplete penetrance d) Incomplete expressivity e) Complete penetrance 42) The allele for
polydactyly is dominant, but most individuals do not exhibit the polydactyly trait. Which of the
following explains why this occurs in nature? a) The allele for polydactyly is completely penetrant
b) The allele for podydactyly is never expressed c) The allelo for polydactyly is incompletely
penetrant d) The allele for polydactyly is variably expressive (d) None of these is an adequate
explanation 743) When two or more genes influence a tralt, an allele of one of them may have an
overriding effect on the phenotype. When an allele has soch an overriding effect, it is said to be:
(4.) Benininant b) Recessive44) When ene gene infloences many phenotypic expresuions, it is
sald uo be: a) Incompletely penetratt b) Variably penetrat c) Pleiotropis. d) Epistatic c) Polygenio
45) The gene that coetrols Murfank Syndrome canves absoimal beart defocts, the presence of
long limbs, be presence of iocreased heieht, and miny other physical characteristics. It could be
said that the genge that controls Marhan's Syndrome is: a) Expressive b) Penetrant e) Pleiotrople
d) Polygenic c) Epistatic 46) In a pedigree analyais which of the following would represent an
affocted male? a) Colored clrele b) Non-colored cirele e) Colored sequare a) Nos-6alored sequare
e) Non-colered diamend 47) Why has progress stabyieg the genetic traits of human beings been
slow? a) It is impossible to make cootrolled croises with human being b) Valid family recerds are
difficult to obtain and would be essential for ithidy validity. c) Human beings do not typically
produce large numbers of progeny s) None of these 45) An arganiem's samsdard chromosone
mamber (n) is known as the. A) Flaploid b) Dppioid e) Ancuplold d) Polyploid e) Tetrapiold 49) A
normally plomerted man (dominars) marries an albino womas (recessive) They have three
children, onc of whom is an allino. What is the gesotype of the man? a) Honozygote dominant b)
Homorygote receesive c) Homoyygote domlsant with pleiotropise d) Hamaygote recessive with
codominance e) Heteropgote 50) in a cros between individuals of the gesotgpe AaBLCe AalBBC;,
what is the probability of producing the geootype AIBBCC? (5) 164(1/4AA1/4BB1/4CC) &.
Impossible to produce the genoty AABBSCC. c. Aarbce x 4amhtbce aro sterilo genotypes d. t/s (
1/2AA1/2BB1/2CC) c. 1/16(1/4AA1/2BB1/2CC)1) Black fur in mice is sominaet oo brown fur. Short
tails is soetinuat to tong tails. What proportion of the MONUS QUESTIONS a) 1/6 b) 1/46 c) 6116
b) 9/16 Ca ANBBa (6) 8/16 2) In a cross between A. RBCC and aipbec (P generation) ofipring (Fi)
are allowed to self fecross. What fraction of the offepeing will express the dotrinant phenotype for
senes A and an but fecesilve for b in the Y. generation?