Master naturalist session - Illinois Natural Areas Inventory

Illinois Master Naturalist
September 11, 2013
Instructor: Christopher David Benda
Burden Falls Wilderness

Christopher D. Benda – Regional Ecologist
Illinois Natural Areas Inventory Update
Degognia Canyon – Jackson County

Photo credit – Randy Nyboer
Statewide Project
5 Regional Ecologists

Illinois Native Plant Society
Southern Chapter
www.facebook.com/southernillinoisplants
Technical
Expert
Consultant

The Flora of Southern Illinois
PLB 451 – Plant Biology Dept.
Southern Illinois University

Chigger Poem
Oh why oh why do there have to be chiggers
for a reaction in me they sure do trigger
The many little red bites feel like Braille
And when they itch they make me want to wail!
If you like evolution, then you must love the chigger
For they would not be as bad if they happened to be bigger
But an invisible invertebrate has all the advantage
And leaves me with little else than to put on a bandage.
I guess I could prevent them by staying on the trail
Or if I took more time to scratch them with my nail
I could spray myself with nasty chemicals and deet
Or stay inside all together and beat the summer heat!
But that is not my style, I was born to explore
To see the nature and learn from it more
Plus if there were less chiggers there’d be more tourists
And it would be impossible to be a nature purist.

Master Naturalist
Illinois Natural Areas Inventory
Natural Areas vs. Nature Preserves
Rare Plants and Unique Communities
Threatened and Endangered Species Program

(INAI)
Category I – High Quality Natural Communities
Category II – Threatened and Endangered Species
Category III – Natural Preserve
Category IV – Geologic Features
Category VI – Unusual Concentration of Flora or Fauna
(High Quality Streams)

Category I – High Quality Natural Communities

Category II - Threatened and Endangered Species

Category III – Nature Preserves

Category IV – Outstanding Geological Features

Category VI – Unusual Concentration of
Flora or Fauna and High Quality Streams
Unique Ecological Features
Unique Floral Assemblages
Outstanding Invertebrate Cave Faunas
Large Bat Hibernacula
Other Unique Faunal Assemblages
High Quality Streams (mussels)

Timber Rattlesnakes – rookery (vs. den)

Timber Rattlesnakes
number seen: 8

Timber Rattlesnake – Crotalus horridus

Natural Area = meaningless to landowner
Nature Preserve = highest protection by law
landowner gives up a majority of their rights and
land is protected in perpetuity
Natural Areas vs. Nature Preserves
1st
Illinois Nature Preserve
Illinois Beach State Park
Tell story of Bohm Woods site

Original Inventory
Photo credit – Randy Nyboer

Why Update?
•New science regarding natural community classification
•Better remote sensing capabilities and GIS data
•Focus on small and rare communities
•Restoration, management, and recovery
•Train a team of Natural Area Specialists for the state

Site Selection - INAI
•Historical and Current Aerial Photos
•Soil and Topographic Maps
•Literature Search
•Database/File Sources
•Interviews with knowledgeable professionals

the numbers:
19 counties
687 total sites
305 IGS sites
204 visited
50 new sites nominated

the numbers:
33,727 photos taken
56,828 miles driven
632/984 days in the field

The Natural Communities of
Southern Illinois
September 11th
, 2013
all photos & maps by presenter
except where noted
Camel Rock at Garden of the Gods Wilderness

Binomial Nomenclature
“The beginning of wisdom is to call
things by their rightful names.”
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Animalia
Cordata
Reptilia
Testudines
Emydidae
Emydoidea
E. blandingii

Latin Pronunciation
O Pronounce every letter except diphthongs
 Echinacea, Tradescantia, Opuntia humifusa, Ambrosia artemisiifolia
O “ch” is a “k” sound: Polystichum, Heuchera
O If a word has two syllables, the accent always goes with the next to the last (called the penult);
e.g., Àcer.
O If a word has three or more syllables, the accent always goes either with the next to the last
(penult) or the third from the last (called the antepenult).
 Synandra hispidula, Onoclea sensibilis, Liriodendron tulipifera
 phyllum – rhizophyllum, Podophyllum, triphyllum
 ae Pellaea atropurpurea, Arisaema
 au Daucus carota
 Eu Teucrium, Leucanthemum
 Oe (phoebe), Platanthera peramoena, Ipomoea
 Ui Equisetum
O “oi” is not a diphthong!
 Pleopeltis polypodioides
O Pronounce when ending with “e”
 Silene, canadense, sessile, hyemale
O Latinized last names (one or two i’s)
 Dodecatheon frenchii, Emydoidea blandingii
O Most trees have been feminized!
 Quercus rubra, Fagus grandifolia, Ulmus americana

Plant Resources for Southern Illinois
Field Guide Books & Websites

Plant Humor
Q. How can you ID a dogwood tree?

Gee whiz?! information
If you can’t tell a joke about it,
explain where the name comes
from, or tell story about the plant
then:
WHO CARES!!!

Natural Areas in Southern Illinois
109 sites

Natural Areas in Southwestern Illinois

Shawnee Hills & Shawnee Nat’l Forest

Southern Illinois Natural Communities
FOREST
Upland Forest
• Xeric
• Dry
• Dry-mesic
• Mesic
Floodplain Forest
• Mesic
• Wet-mesic
• Wet
Flatwoods
• Southern Flatwoods
SAVANNA
Barren
• Dry Barren
• Dry-mesic Barren
• Mesic Barren
PRAIRIE
• Loess Hill Prairie
• Glacial Drift Hill Prairie
WETLAND
Swamp
• Swamp
• Shrub Swamp
Seeps and Springs
• Seep
• Acid Gravel Seep
OPEN WATER
• Pond
STREAM
• Small, Medium, Large
• High, Medium, Low Gradient
BEDROCK
Glades
• Sandstone Glade
• Limestone Glade
• Shale Glade
Cliff
• Dry Sandstone Cliff
• Mesic Sandstone Cliff
• Dry Limestone Cliff
• Mesic Limestone Cliff
• Sandstone Overhang
CULTURAL

Japanese Stiltgrass – Microstegium vimineum

Symbiosis Can Be One Of Two
Conditions:
• 1. Obligatory: one organism cannot live
without the other.
• 2. Facultative: can live symbiotically but
can survive without one another.

Upland Forest/Woodland
•Xeric
•Dry
•Dry-mesic
•Mesic

Xeric/Dry Upland Forest/Woodland

Blackjack Oak - Quercus marilandica (6)

Post Oak - Quercus stellata (5)

Farkleberry – Vaccinium arboreum (6)

Lowbush Blueberry - Vaccinium pallidum (7)

Red Cedar - Juniperus virginiana (1)

Serviceberry - Amelanchier arborea (7)

Poverty Oats Grass - Danthonia spicata (3)

Goat’s Rue - Tephrosia virginiana (7)

Pencil Flower - Stylosanthes biflora (5)

Pussytoes – Antennaria parlinii (4)

False Dandelion - Krigia biflora (5)

Starry Campion – Silene stellata (6)

Barren
•Dry
•Dry-mesic
•Mesic (rare)

Provo Cemetery Barrens – Alexander County

Rock Chestnut Oak - Quercus prinus (9)

White Oak – Quercus alba (5)

Flowering Dogwood – Cornus florida (5)

Redbud - Cercis canadensis (3)

Wild Azalea - Rhododendron prinophyllum (10)

Red Buckeye – Aesculus pavia (7)

Carolina Rose - Rosa carolina (4)

Prairie Rose - Rosa setigera (5)

Indian Physic – Porteranthus stipulatus (6)

Bee-balm - Monarda bradburiana & fistulosa (5, 4)

Pagoda Plant – Blephilia hirsuta (5)

Wild Oregano (Dittany) – Cunila origanoides (5)

Skullcaps – Scutellaria elliptica (6)

Gray’s Sedge - Carex grayi (6)

Large-fruited Panic Grass - Dichanthelium boscii (5)

Marginal Shield Fern – Dryopteris marginalis (6)

Adam & Eve Orchid – Aplectrum hyemale (7)
Cranefly Orchid -Tipularia discolor (7)

Twayblade Orchid – Liparis lilifolia (4)

Wood Betony – Pedicularis canadensis (7)

Eastern Hognose Snake
Heterodon platirhinos

Eastern Box Turtle – Terrapene carolina

Northern Slimy Salamander
Plethodon glutinosus

Five-lined Skink - Plestiodon fasciatus

Broadhead Skink – Eumeces laticeps

Spicebush Swallowtail – Papilio troilus

Mesic Upland Forest – Cedar Creek

Tulip Tree – Liriodendron tulipifera (5)

Little Grand Canyon – Jackson County

Harbinger-of-Spring – Erigenia bulbosa (7)

Spring Beauty - Claytonia virginiana (1)

Dutchman’s Breeches – Dicentra cucullaria (5)

Squirrel Corn – Dicentra canadensis (7)

Goldenseal – Hydrastis canadensis (7)

Wild Ginseng – Panax quinquefolia (7)

Bloodroot – Sanguinaria canadensis (5)

Rue Anemone (5) vs. False Rue Anemone (5)

Blue Cohosh – Caulophyllum thalictroides (8)

Jacob’s Ladder – Polemonium reptans (5)

Bellwort – Uvularia grandiflora (7)

White Trillium – Trillium flexipes (7)

Other Trilliums – Trillium recurvatum (5) & viride (9)

Wild Leek – Allium tricoccum (7)

Yellow Trout Lily – Erythronium americanum (7)

Miami Mist – Phacelia purshii (4)

Wild Columbine – Aquilegia canadensis (5)

Blue-eyed Mary – Collinsia verna (5)

Wild Ginger – Asarum canadense (5)

Wild Hyacinth – Camassia scilloides (7)

Wild Columbo – Frasera caroliniensis (8)

Doll’s Eyes – Actaea pachypoda (7)

Soloman’s Seal – Polygonatum biflorum (7)

Soloman’s Plume – Smilacina racemosa (4)

Green Dragon – Arisaema dracontium (4)

Yellow Lady Slipper Orchid –
Cypripedium pubescens (8)

Bladdernut – Staphylea trifoliata (5)

Maidenhair Fern – Adiantum pedatum (6)

Maidenhair Spleenwort Fern –
Asplenium trichomanes (10)

Broad Beech Fern – Phegopteris hexagonoptera (7)

Gray Treefrog – Hyla chrysoscelis

Green Treefrog – Hyla cinerea

Loess Hill Prairie – Fults Hill Prairie

Green Milkweed – Asclepias viridiflora (9)

Blue Hearts– Buchnera americana (10)

Crested Coralroot Orchid– Hexalectris spicata (10)

Cylindric Blazing Star –Liatris cylindracea (8)

Stickleaf –Mentzelia oligosperma (10)

Slender Heliotrope – Heliotropium tenellum (10)

Missouri Coneflower – Rudbeckia missouriensis (10)
Photo credit – Marty KemperPhoto credit – Debbie Newman

Flathead Snake
Coachwhip
Photo credit – Marty Kemper

Photo credit – Marty Kemper
Plains Scorpion – Centruoides vittatus

Glacial Drift Hill Prairie – Lake Murphysboro

Floodplain Forest – Hickory Bottoms, CCNWR

Cardinal Flower – Lobelia cardinalis (6)

Sensitive Fern – Onoclea sensibilis (5)

Copper Iris – Iris fulva (9)

Blue Flag Iris – Iris schrevei (5)

Purple Fringless Orchid – Platanthera peramoena (7)

White Swamp Milkweed – Asclepias perennis (10)

Swamp Milkweed – Asclepias incarnata (4)

Indian Pink - Spigelia marilandica (7)

Spider Lily – Hymenocallis caroliniana (9)

Dodder – Cuscuta gronovii (2)

Pink Turtlehead – Chelone obliqua (8)

Northern Watersnake – Nerodia sipedon

Marbled Salamander – Ambystoma opacum

Samson’s Snakeroot - Oxbexilum pendunculatum (6)

Shrubby St. Johnswort – Hypericum prolificum (6)

Cypress Swamp – Little Black Slough

Cypress / Tupelo Swamp - Heron Pond

Buttonland Swamp – Lower Cache River

Swamp – LaRue Pine Hills
Winter’s Pond

Buttonbush – Cephalanthus occidentalis
(4)

Arrowhead - Sagittaria latifolia (4)

Mosquito Fern – Azolla mexicana (8)

Marsh Mallow – Hibiscus lasiocarpos (5)

Pickerelweed – Pontederia cordata (8)

Water Lotus – Nelumbo lutea (5)

Eastern Newt – Notophthalmus viridescens

Illinois Chorus Frog – Pseudacris illinoensis

Stinkpot – Sternothorus odoratus

Seep – Greater Shawnee Hills

Cinnamon Fern – Osmunda cinnamomea (9)

Royal Fern – Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (8)

Whorled Pogonia Orchid – Isotria verticillata (10)

Meadow Beauty – Rhexia virginica (10)

Sandstone Glade – Greater Shawnee Hills

Sandstone Glade - Garden of the Gods

Milk Snake – Lampropeltis triangulum

Todd Fink / Trigg Tower – Sandstone Glade

Lichen Grasshopper – Trimerotropis saxatilis

Small Bluets – Houstonia pusilla (3)

False Garlic – Nothoscordum bivalve (5)

Widow’s Cross – Sedum pulchellum (8)

Rushfoil – Crotonopsis elliptica (5)

Pineweed - Hypericum gentianoides (6)

Prickly Pear – Opuntia humifusa (5)

American Pennyroyal - Hedeoma pulgelioides (4)

Rough Buttonweed - Diodia teres (2)

American Agave - Manfreda virginiana (8)

Small-flowered Fameflower - Talinum parviflorum (10)

Blue Curls - Trichostema dichotomum (6)

Wild Orpine - Sedum telephioides (10)

Fence Lizard – Sceloporus undulatus

Six-lined Racerunner – Cnedimorphus sexlineatus

Bishop’s Cap - Mitella diphylla (9)

Partridge-berry – Mitchella repens (8)

Shining Clubmoss – Huperzia lucidula (10)

Sphagnum Moss – Sphagnum compactum

Walking Fern – Asplenium rhizophyllum (8)

Resurrection Ferns – Polypodium virginianum
(8) and Pleopletis polypodioides (10)

Netted Chain Fern – Woodwardia areolata (8)

Spinulose Woodfern – Dryopteris carthusiana (6)

Bladder Fern – Cystopteris bulbifera (8)

Shooting Star – Dodecatheon frenchii (10)

Forbe’s Saxifrage – Saxifraga forbesii (10)

Hairy Synandra – Synandra hispidula (10)

Small-flowered Alumroot - Heuchera parviflora (8)

Spleenwort Fern - Asplenium pinnatifidum (10)

Cleft Phlox – Phlox bifida (7)

Cricket Frog – Acris crepitans

Piney Creek Ravine Nature Preserve

Swayne Hollow Ravine Nature Preserve

Shale Glade – Berryville and McClure

Zigzag Salamander – Plethodon dorsalis

Cave Salamander – Eurycea lucifuga

Cave Creek Glade – Limestone Glade

Hoary Puccoon – Lithospermum canescens (6)

Blue-eyed Grass – Sisyrinchium albidum (4)

Wild Petunia - Ruellia humilis (3)

Gray-headed Coneflower - Ratibida pinnata (4)

Obedient Plant - Physostegia virginiana (6)

Butterfly Milkweed - Asclepias tuberosa (5)

Marbleseed – Onosmodium molle var.
hispidissimum (8)

Blazing Stars – Liatris scabra (8) & aspera (7)

Prairie Dock - Silphium terebinthinaceum (4)

Silphium integrifolium – Rosinweed (5)

Cave Creek Glade – June 2010

Cave Creek Glade – June 2011
FGB = Full Glorious Bloom

Pale Purple Coneflower - Echinacea simulata (7)

Pale Purple Coneflower - Echinacea simulata

Blue Sage – Salvia azurea var. grandiflora (9)

Climbing Milkweed – Matelea obliqua (10)

Mead’s Milkweed – Asclepias meadii (10)

Other Unique Illinois Natural
Communities
•Calcareous Fen
•Forest Fen
•Seeps and Springs
•Bog
•Panne
•Beach/Foredune
•Northern Flatwoods
•Savanna
•Gravel Hill Prairie
•Dolomite Prairie

Erigenia link
http://www.ill-inps.org/Erigenia
T & E Species Link
http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/ESPB/Documents/ETChecklist2011.pdf

Wildflowers of Southern Illinois

100 Best Nature Photos
http://www.flickr.com/photos/100801363@N03/

Master naturalist session - Illinois Natural Areas Inventory

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