Rotavirus is a viral pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in children. It appears wheel-shaped under microscopy and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Diagnosis can be made using ELISA tests or PCR to detect the virus in stool samples. Treatment focuses on rehydration since there are no antiviral drugs available. Vaccines have been developed to help prevent infection.

1. By:
Denisse Class
&
Nirzari Amin

2.  Rotavirus is a non-enveloped virus that comes
from a family called Reoviridai.
 Derives the name from the Latin Rota which
means wheel. It appears wheel like when looked
under an electric microscope.
 Very stable and may remain viable for weeks or
months if not disinfected
 Once cured, it can reoccur at any age. But the
subsequent infections are usually less severe

3.  Can cause:
 Gastroenteritis
 Dehydration

4.  This virus can easily be spread through children
before and/or after becoming sick with diarrhea.
 Usually transmitted by fecal-oral route
 Virus must be shed of an infected person and somehow
entered into a susceptible person to cause infection.
 Also caused by contaminated hands, water, and,
objects.

5.  It has been observed that improved sanitation
does not decrease the infection transmission.
 Due to this, the primary treatment is vaccination.
 Few current examples include; RotaTeq, Rotatrix
 No antiviral drug has yet been discovered.
 Treatment is nonspecific but usually treated for
dehydration.

6.  Symptoms usually appear within 12 to 48 hrs.
after exposure and last till 1-3 days.
 Watery diarrhea
 Vomiting
 Fever
 Headache
 Abdominal pain
 Chills

9.  Identification of etiologic agent
 Based on symptoms and physical exam
 Elisa test
 Latex agglutination (for rapid results)

10.  Elisa
 PCR

11.  This is an in-vitro test for the  Limitations:
determination of rotavirus  Stool sample varies by patient
antigen in feces.  Patients with infection for a long
period of time results will not
 Polyclonal anti-rotavirus and show as an active infection.
anti-rotavirus monoclonal  Early treatment with proper
antibodies are used. antibiotics.
 Specificity – 97%
 Sensitivity – 100%
 Expectations:
 Healthy individuals should test
negative.
 Presence of rotavirus antigen
should be present .

12.  Break the wells need it for
samples plus two controls.
 Prepare controls.
 Add 100 µL of specimen,
incubate for 30 min.
 Add 2 drops of reagent 1 Blue
sol. to each well, incubate for 5
min. then wash
 Add 2 drops of reagent 2 red
sol. incubate for 5 min and then
wash.
 Add 2 drops of chromogen sol.
@room temp. for 5 min. DO
NOT WASH.
 Add 2 drops of stop sol. Mix
then read results .

13.  Limitations:  Expected results:
 For the making of the  Amplification/Extension
new template the of DNA.
primers have to be very  Allows scientists to
specific and particular to sequence nucleotides.
the template. These nucleotides are
 The primers must be very helpful in studying
only capable of binding the molecular
with the template and epidemiology of
not each other because Rotavirus.
this can cause the
amplification of a
short, useless DNA.

15. ELISA PCR
 97% specificity  Less specific
 100% sensitivity  Super sensitive
 Fluid sample  Fluid sample
 Results in 45-60 min  2 to 3 hours

16.  www.rapidtest.com/pdf/Rotavirus_8306-3.pdf
 http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heic/ID/rotavirus/
 http://www.microbac.com/services/pcr_process.php
 Brasier,Alan R., Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, A, Lemon, S. M., & ebrary, I.
(2009).
Cellular signaling and innate immune responses to RNA virus
infections. Washington, D.C. : ASM Press.
 Wark, P. (2008). Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. Mini-symposium:
Innate immunity in the lung. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 9(4),
233-235. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

17.  Rotavirus. In http://www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 09/26/2011, from
http://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/index.html.
 Scott M, Janneck L, Dent R, Merino D. Rotavirus. Retrieved from
http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2004/rotavirus/
Pathology.htm
 http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/donald.slish/PCR.html
 http://www.humenhealth.com/rotavirus-infection/rotavirus-
infection.asp
 http://www.humenhealth.com/rotavirus-2