1. Instructional Immediacy in the
Classroom: Using Technology to Bridge
the Gap between Faculty & Students
Presenter: Patrick G. Ray; Program
Associate Dean (Fortis Online)
6. ??
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STUDENT AâS FEEDBACKâŚ
Please note: you did not follow the instructions for this assignment.
I have deducted points for this. Be more careful on future
submissions. Reread the instructions to see what you missed, & let
me know if you have any questions.
7. =)
STUDENT BâS FEEDBACKâŚ
Your analysis of the primary issue presented in this assignment was
excellent, and covered all points noted in the rubric. I see that you
applied the analysis tool that I suggested to you last week. Great
work, B! However, I did have to deduct 10 points for improper
formatting, and another 10 points for spelling/grammatical errors.
Please see the attached, annotated copy for more information.
8. What is Instructional Immediacy?
⢠Albert Mehrabian (1971) â âPrinciple of immediacyâ
â "people are drawn toward persons and things they like,
evaluate highly, and prefer; and they avoid or move away from
things they dislike, evaluate negatively, or do not prefer"
⢠Joan Gorham (1988) â expanded to include verbal
interaction that increased psychological closeness between
teachers and students
â Affective Learning = reaching the emotional & belief system
aspects of those who facilitate & participate in it.
⢠Examples: engaging in humor, asking questions, addressing
students by name, encouragement of discussion and
following up on student-initiated comments, encouraging
student expression of opinions, and sharing of personal
examples.
9. SoâŚbe nice?
⢠Instructor lack of awareness
⢠Instructor not applying immediate behaviors
⢠Karla Jensen (1999) - faculty could successfully learn to
use such after participating in an immediacy training
program. Faculty participating in such training
increased their use of verbal immediacy behaviors by
42 percent and, consequently, experienced a 59
percent increase in student participation in class
compared to those in the control group
10. âCommunity of Inquiryâ
Rourke, Anderson, Garrison, and Archer (2001) â identify with the
community & develop relationships (social); facilitation for purpose of
realizing personally meaningful outcomes (teaching); & extent learners
are able to construct & confirm meaning through sustained discourse
(cognitive).
11. Chickering & Gamsonâs Seven
Principles of Good Practice
1. Encourage contact between students and faculty: Frequent student-
faculty contact both in and outside of class is an important factor in
student motivation and involvement.
2. Develop reciprocity and cooperation among students: Faculty should
create and encourage opportunities for collaborative learning among
students.
3. Encourages active learning: Faculty should require students to apply
their learning in oral and written forms.
4. Give prompt feedback: Faculty should provide appropriate and prompt
feedback on performance. Students need help assessing their current
competence and performance, and need frequent opportunities to
perform and receive suggestion for improvement. Such feedback should
be an ongoing process in collegiate settings.
12. Seven Principles (cont.)
5. Emphasize time on task: Faculty should create opportunities for
students to practice good time management. This includes setting
realistic time for students to complete assignments as well as
using class time for learning opportunities.
6. Communicate high expectations: Faculty should set and
communicate high expectations for students. Such becomes a self-
fulfilling prophecy for students and they often will rise to meet the
challenge.
7. Respect diverse talents and ways of learning: Faculty should
create learning opportunities that appeal to the different ways
students will process and attend to information. Varying
presentation style and assignment requirement will allow
students to showcase their unique talents and learn in ways that
work for them.
13. Effects of Instructional Immediacy in
Online Classrooms (Glenda Gunter; 2007)
⢠Analyzed four relationships in online courses:
1. Teacher-Student
2. Student-Student
3. Student-Content
4. Student-Computer
⢠Impetus â high dropout rates in online courses
⢠Most cited reason for student dissatisfaction: lack of
social presence (feeling of closeness & community),
feelings of isolation, lack of interaction with instructor
and other students.
14. Instructional Immediacy Online (Gunter; continued)
⢠âonline students depend more on validation from
interaction from their professors because of the lack of
face-to-face interactionâ
⢠âonline interactionsâŚsynchronous or asynchronous,
can increase a studentâs self-efficacyâŚ*which+
positively affects motivation because it improves a
studentâs belief in their ability to be successfulâ
⢠Positive correlation between immediacy & âincreased
time on task, which also impacts cognitive outcomesâ
30. Creating a Sense of Community
⢠SurveyMonkey http://www.surveymonkey.com (free survey
tool; how am I doing?; what do you like?)
⢠Toluna http://us.toluna.com (create online poll; real-time
results)
⢠43 Things http://www.43things.com (listing/sharing your life
goals/priorities)
⢠Book Glutton http://www.bookglutton.com (create an
online book club)
⢠Free Rice http://freerice.com (play trivia games & correct
answers = rice donated to United Nations World Food
Program)
⢠Gwap http://www.gwap.com (online games that improve
effectiveness of search engines)
⢠LetterPop http://letterpop.com/ (simple; easy to use
newsletter generator)
31. Video/Photo-editing & Creation Tools
⢠Flickr http://www.flickr.com (online photo-sharing tool)
⢠Aviary http://www.aviary.com/ (online photo editing
tool)
⢠Slide Roll http://www.slideroll.com (online photo
sharing/presentation tool; can upload to youtube)
⢠Empressr http://www.empressr.com (share photos,
video, audio online; syncs with Photobucket)
⢠Gickr* www.gickr.com (create animated GIFs; can pull
from your Flickr account)
⢠Bit Strips http://www.bitstrips.com (comic-strip
creation tool; easy to use)
⢠Dvolver http://www.dvolver.com (direct your own
movie; share online â email to others)
32. Whiteboards/Screensharing Tools
⢠Join.me https://join.me/ (extremely simple, easy-to-
use screensharing tool)
⢠Twiddla http://www.twiddla.com (free; easy to use
collaboration tool; whiteboard or review websites; no
install)
⢠Vyew http://vyew.com (similar to DimDim, but
presentation-based; can share desktop as well)
⢠Oneeko http://www.oneeko.com/ (simple screen-
sharing; no d/l)
33. Bookmark Sharing Tools
⢠Delicious* www.delicious.com/carpefuturum
⢠Diigo www.diigo.com (like Delicious, but can also use
sticky notes; annotate pages)
⢠Speed Tile http://www.speedtile.net (visual-based
organizing/sharing tool)
⢠Digg www.digg.com (shared social bookmarking; more
âdiggsâ = more visibility)
34. Video: Online Repositories
⢠Youtube Education Channel
http://www.youtube.com/education
⢠Teachertube http://www.teachertube.com/ (like youtube
edu)
⢠TED http://www.ted.com/ (Technology; Entertainment;
Design â conference videos)
⢠Academic Earth http://academicearth.org (online
presentations from worldâs top scholars)
⢠MIT Open Courses http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
⢠Art Babble http://www.artbabble.org/ (like youtube for
artists)
⢠CassioPeia Project http://www.cassiopeiaproject.com (same
for science)
⢠Sixty Symbols http://www.sixtysymbols.com/ (physics &
astronomy videos)
35. Blogging Tools
⢠Posterous Spaces* https://posterous.com (easy-to-use;
email updates)
⢠Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com (another easy-to-use
blogging tool)
⢠Glogster http://www.glogster.com (online poster
âmash-upâ tool; can use images, audio, video; edu
version as well; FLASHY!)
⢠Wallwisher http://www.wallwisher.com/ (another
online poster/corkboard tool; easy)
36. Math Instructional Tools
⢠Khan Academy http://www.khanacademy.org (online
math lessons; video)
⢠WolframAlpha http://www.wolframalpha.com
(computational knowledge engine)
⢠Wolfram MathWorld http://mathworld.wolfram.com/
⢠Mathway http://www.mathway.com/ (similar to
WolframAlpha)
⢠MathTV http://www.mathtv.com/videos_by_topic
(math videos)
⢠Tricki http://www.tricki.org (wiki devoted to math)
⢠Online Conversion http://www.onlineconversion.com/
(convert almost anything to anything else)
37. Online Publishing Tools
⢠Blog Booker www.blogbooker.com (turn your blogs into
a pdf âbookâ complete with images)
⢠Blurb http://www.blurb.com (make & sell e-books, as
well as physical books)
⢠Issuu http://issuu.com (free online digital publishing
tool)
⢠Storybird http://storybird.com (create online short
stories that others can share, read, or print)
38. Cloud-based Office Applications
⢠Google Docs https://docs.google.com (Google Office
Suite â word processor; presentation tool; spreadsheet
tool)
⢠Windows Live https://skydrive.live.com/ (create Word,
Powerpoint, Excel, One-Note docs â browser-based;
also â 25GB of online storage!)
⢠Think Free http://www.thinkfree.com (java-based
online office suite tool â MS Office 2003)
⢠Zoho http://www.zoho.com (cloud-based office suite;
lots of tools)
39. Thank you.
Patrick G. Ray; Program Associate Dean
twitter: carpefuturum
Email: pray@fortiscollege.edu
Phone: (866) 353-9919