1. Genetic Analysis of a photosynthesizing Sea slug, Elysia chlorotica LetitiaDaRos, Belinda To, Cait Murphy, Bettie Yim, Carolyn Pogorzelec Forestry 302

2. Outline Process of endosymbiosis Elysia chlorotica Vaucherialitorea Maintaining the plastid Incorporation of V. litoreagenes into E. chloroticagenome

3. Process of Endosymbiosis Primary Secondary Tertiary Kleptoplasty

5. No self fertilization

6. Produce eggs and sperm

9. Vaucherialitoria Appearance Yellow-green colour Thin cell wall, can easily be punctured by E. chlorotica’sradula Incorporation into sea slug Contents of algae sucked outand moved to diverticula Chloroplasts phagocytosed into digestive cells 2 layered membrane formed Waste discarded

10. Juvenile slug eating V. litoria for the first time

11. Plastid Stability Algae nuclei Animal proteins Small amount of necessary proteins Exceptional plastids

12. Plastid Stability Continued Protein production Vertical gene transfer Photosystem I, Calvin Cycle, Light-harvesting Complex I, Proteases Horizontal gene transfer

13. Horizontal Gene Transfer What is it? Proteins in slug directly used by plastid Tree of life Evidence

14. Horizontal Gene Transfer

15. Questions?