2013 keynote com.geo_reed v2

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Big Data, Sensors Everywhere, and
OGC Standards
Carl Reed, PhD
July 22, 2013

Copyright © 2013 Open Geospatial Consortium

The Open Geospatial Consortium
Not-for-profit, international voluntary consensus standards
organization; leading development of geospatial standards
• Founded in 1994.
• 485+ members and growing
University
24%

• 38 standards
• Thousands of implementations
• Broad user community
implementation worldwide

Commercial
41%
Research
7%

• Millions of users

OGC

NGO
10%

Government
18%

®
© 2012, Open Geospatial Consortium

2

OGC at a Glance
Not-for-profit, international voluntary consensus standards
organization; leading development of geospatial standards
• Founded in 1994.

South America
2

• 485+ members and growing

Asia
Pacific, 59

• 38 standards
• Thousands of implementations
• Broad user community
implementation worldwide

Africa, 4

North America
163

Europe
203

• Millions of users
Middle East
7

OGC

®
© 2012, Open Geospatial Consortium

3

Thought
• And this process of digitizing the world's physical objects
may prove the defining element of the age of data. "All the
objects in the world are going to become alive and Internetconnected in a way that they weren't before."
• So what's next? . . . the "age of data ubiquity," one in which
a new generation of nimble, data-centric apps exploit
massive data sets generated by both enterprises and
consumers.
– [Hoskins, CTO Pervasive Software, April 2013].
•

http://www.informationweek.com/big-data/news/big-data-analytics/the-age-of-data-ubiquity-sensorsspread/240151991?cid=nl_IW_cio_2013-04-01_html&elq=503df1e8cada4443aba3d7abe37e6f0a

OGC

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How does this relate to the future of geotechnology and location services?
The rise of mobile applications is a good
example of this trend. They are very thin
skins representing some data asset behind
the scenes.

OGC

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Convergence
Network accessible sensors, cloud computing, big
data, modeling, augmented reality, business
intelligence, decision support. Sensor data may
pose the greatest challenge

OGC

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Premise
We live and operate in a space-time
continuum!

NASA

OGC

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Premise
Everything we do, every event happens
somewhere, sometime!
Tourism

Education & Research Sustainable
Development

Infrastructure Transportation

Health
E -Government
Emergency Services

Aviation
Energy
Consumer
Services, Real
Time
Information

OGC

Geosciences

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Premise
• Geography and location have significant
impacts on our lives

OGC

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Fact
• Geography Seen as a Barrier to Climbing
Class Ladder
• Analyzed massive amounts of location based income and
tax data. Millions of records as well as census data

• Many geographic factors, such as income diversity within a
community versus separation into distinct income
communities
• New York Times, July 22, 2013

OGC

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Premise
Every decision we make has a location
(geographic) element
Where to live? eat?
get gas? buy shoes?
to build? to hike?
Is closest drinking water?
Is a hospital?
Is last place I fished

What is:
Fastest way to school?
Safest way through swamp?
Rainfall pattern?
Stream flow for rafting?
Best patrol allocation?
Floor plan for mall?

OGC

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Fact
We need geographic context and location
information in most (all) decisions we make.
AKA Geospatial Intelligence

OGC

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Fact
Deployment of location enabled sensors and
the Internet of Things is rapidly evolving –
and creating a data centric requirement

OGC

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Major industrials have been preparing for IoT
• “In 2008, the number of devices connected to the Internet
exceeded the number of people on Earth. By 2020, there
will be 50 billion devices connected” - CISCO
• Internet of things to give
$10-15 trillion boost to
global economy:
General Electric

"Redefining the language of geospatial industry"
Ola Rollen, President and CEO, Hexagon AB.

OGC

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© 2013 Open Geospatial Consortium

14

Big Data = 4Vs
[M. Stonebraker and IBM]

OGC

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Volume

Twitter
90 Million tweets / day
8 terabytes / day

640 terabytes of
operational data on just
one Atlantic crossing

http://www.information-management.com/issues/21_5/big-data-is-scaling-bi-and-analytics-10021093-1.html

OGC

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Velocity

3 GB per second
LOFAR: distributed sensor array farms for radio astronomy

OGC

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Veracity

OGC

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How was this calculated ?

Variety – Benefit Areas

OGC

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Variety - Models

Short Term

OGC

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Long Term

What’s in common?

OGC

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Power of Location
• “Location targeting is holy grail for marketers”
– Sir Martin Sorrell, WPP CEO, MWC 2011

• By measuring the entropy of each individual’s trajectory, we
find a 93% potential predictability in user mobility
– Limits of Predictability in Human Mobility, Science 2010

• 1st law of geography: "Everything is related to everything
else, but near things are more related than distant things.”
– Waldo Tobler

OGC

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© 2013 Open Geospatial Consortium

25

Geospatial Integration

OGC

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How ?

http://geoplatform.ideascale.com

OGC

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Big Data, the Internet of Things
and OGC Standard


Region-Centric
Geospatial
Information

Feature-Centric
Geospatial
Information

Human-Centric
Geospatial
Information

Device-Centric
Geospatial
Information

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

Steve Liang (PhD)

OGC

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GSC MSTF Conference at Georgia Tech Research Institute – Atlanta, GA , USA – May
7, 2013

Steve Liang (PhD)

OGC

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7, 2013

Device-Centric
Geospatial
Information
Human-Centric
Geospatial
Information
Feature-Centric
Geospatial
Information

Region-Centric
Geospatial
Information

Steve Liang (PhD)

OGC

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7, 2013

Device-Centric
Geospatial
Information
Human-Centric
Geospatial
Information
Feature-Centric
Geospatial
Information
Indoor
Space

Region-Centric
Geospatial
Information

Steve Liang (PhD)

OGC

®

7, 2013

Device-Centric
Geospatial
Information
Human-Centric
Geospatial
Information
Feature-Centric
Geospatial
Information

IoT
Space

Region-Centric
Geospatial
Information

Indoor
Space

Steve Liang (PhD)

OGC

®

7, 2013

OGC Sensor Web Enablement Standards enable
the World-wide Sensor Web Vision
• Standard Information Models and Schema
– Observations and Measurements (O&M) – Core models and schema
for observations
– Sensor Model Language (SensorML) for In-situ and Remote Sensors
- Core models and schema for observation processes: support for
sensor components, georegistration, response models, post
measurement processing

Standard Web Service Interfaces
– Sensor Observation Service - Access Observations for a sensor or
sensor constellation, and optionally, the associated sensor and
platform data
– Sensor Planning Service – Request collection feasibility and task
sensor system for desired observations
– Sensor Registries – Discover sensors and sensor observations

OGC

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7, 2013

Sensors in Debris Flow Monitoring
Station
Geophone

Spotlight
Flow meter

Water Level Meter

CCD Camera

Rain Gauge

Soil Moisture

Wire Sensor

Load cell

OGC

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Meteorological
sensors

OGC SWE-IoT Status
• SWE-IoT SWG uses a lightweight RESTful web interface to
access sensor observations and to task acuators

• Current design supports JSON representations of SWE
formats.
• Plan to release the draft for public review mid-2013
• Plan to submit the specification to TC for voting in 2013 Q4
• http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/sweiotswg

OGC

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7, 2013

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Crowd Sourcing, Social Media,
Big Data and OGC Standards in
Action


Social Networking User Generated
Information / Crowdsourcing
Source: http://www.ushahidi.com/

Source: Erik (HASH) Hersman. Flickr

•
•
•
•
•

Ushahidi
InRelief
OpenStreetMap
Sahana
CrisisCommons

Source: http://www.openstreetmap.or

Source: www.inrelief.org
Source: http://www.sahanafoundation.org

OGC

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COBWEB
• Crowdsourced environmental data
to aid decision making
• Introduce quality measures and reduce uncertainty
• Fusion of crowdsourced data with reference data…

• Security
• Spatial Data Infrastructure - like initiatives
– National SDI’s in UK, Greece and Germany
– INSPIRE
– GEOSS

OGC

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Take away:
• Crowdsourcing
– Quality measures and reduce uncertainty
– Fusion of crowdsourced data with reference data
– Sensor Web / IoT / WoT
– Security
– Use of Open Standards
– SDI, INSPIRE & GEOSS
– Economically sustainable
– Society's ability to cope with change

OGC

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CITI-SENSE Project
Goal: Development of sensor-based Citizens‘ Observatory
Community for improving quality of life in cities
Community-based environmental monitoring and information
systems using innovative and novel earth observation applications
27 Participating Organizations from 14 countries

Economist, April 2013

OGC

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CITI-SENSE Objective
To develop ”Citizen’s Observatories” to empower citizens to:
• Contribute to and participate in environmental governance
• Support and influence community and policy priorities and
associated decision making
• Contribute to Global Earth Observation System of Systems
(GEOSS)
• Improve decision making

OGC

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CITI-SENSE Architecture

OGC

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Initial CITI-SENSE platform test
CivicFlow
crowdsource
Web and App
(U-Hopper)

Sensor packages
(Airbase,
GeoTech)

Sensing&Control
Visualisation widgets

Sensor API

Loader
(Snowflake
)

OGC

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Publisher
(Snowflake
SenML )
SensApp
(SINTEF)

SenML

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Some slides from Wouter Los
University of Amsterdam

ESFRI Environmental Research Infrastructures

• Tropospheric
research aircraft

• Upgrade of
incoherent
SCATter facility

• Multidisciplinary
seafloor
observatory

• Plate observing
system

COPAL

EISCAT-3D

EMSO

EPOS

• Global ocean
observing
infrastructure

EUROARGO

• Aircraft for
global observing
system

• Integrated
carbon
observation
system

• Biodiversity and
ecosystem
research infra

• Svalbard arctic
Earth observing
system

IAGOS

ICOS

LIFEWATCH

SIOS

OGC

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23/10/2012

W. Losi - ENVRI @ EUDAT

46

Gas (CO2 etc) fluxes

Radar interference data

∂ (concentration)

Areal and
satellite
observation

Species data, distributions,
abundance, biomass, etc.

Observations, sensor data,
collection data, DNA, etc
Marine
sensors

Plate
tectonics

Currents, salinity,
deposition, etc

Seismic data,
satellite data,
sensors, etc

OGC

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29/03/12

Pasquale Pagano - ENVRI @
EGI CF 2012

48

Geospatial Data Services
Data Access

Data Process

OGC
WCS

OGC
WPS

THREDDS

WPS 52N
P1

P2

P..

WPS Hadoop
Data Pub. /Vis.

OGC
OpenSearch
Linked Open Data
Catalogue
Services

gCube Data staging

Data Discovery

Hadoop Cluster

H F
D S

OGC
WMS, WFS
GeoServer

Geospatial Repositories

OGC

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by courtesy of P. Pagano

But

• Provenance
• Data Quality
• Privacy

OGC

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Provenance
• "to come from", refers to the chronology of the ownership,
custody or location of a historical object. A type of
metadata.

OGC

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Data Quality
• Are (the data) fit for their intended uses in
operations, decision making and planning"
(J. M. Juran). Metadata, provenance, and
uncertainty measures important!

OGC

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Privacy
• In the context of the location data collected by so many
mobile apps these days, anonymization generally refers to
the decoupling of the location data from identifiers such as
the user’s name or phone number.
• Except, according to research published in Scientific
Reports on Monday, people’s day-to-day movement is
usually so predictable that even anonymized location data
can be linked to individuals with relative ease if correlated
with a piece of outside information. Why? Because our
movement patterns give us away.

OGC

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» David Meyer Mar. 25, 2013 (http://gigaom.com/2013/03/25/why-thecollision-of-big-data-and-privacy-will-require-a-new-realpolitik/)

Privacy
• You can be constantly tracked through your mobile device,
even when it is switched off. What’s more, those sensors
you’re pairing with your device make it ridiculously easy to
identify you.
• simply by looking at the data (from the Fitbit) what they can
find out is with pretty good accuracy what your gender is,
whether you’re tall or you’re short, whether you’re heavy or
light, but what’s really most intriguing is that you can be
100 percent guaranteed to be identified by simply your gait
– how you walk.
» CIA CTO Ira “Gus” Hunt (2013)

OGC

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And a final thought!

OGC

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2013 keynote com.geo_reed v2

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