2. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Exponential equations: An exponential equation is an equation
containing a variable in an exponent.
Logarithmic equations: Logarithmic equations contain
logarithmic expressions and constants.
Property of Logarithms, part 2:
≠ 1, then
If x, y and a are positive numbers, a
If x = y, then log a x = log a y
5. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
6. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3
7. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3 Property of Logarithms
8. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3 Property of Logarithms
x ln 2 + 2 ln 2 = 2x ln 3 + ln 3
9. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3 Property of Logarithms
x ln 2 + 2 ln 2 = 2x ln 3 + ln 3 Distributive property
10. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3 Property of Logarithms
x ln 2 + 2 ln 2 = 2x ln 3 + ln 3 Distributive property
x ln 2 − 2x ln 3 = ln 3 − 2 ln 2
11. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3 Property of Logarithms
x ln 2 + 2 ln 2 = 2x ln 3 + ln 3 Distributive property
Isolate terms (variable on
x ln 2 − 2x ln 3 = ln 3 − 2 ln 2 one side of the equation).
12. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3 Property of Logarithms
x ln 2 + 2 ln 2 = 2x ln 3 + ln 3 Distributive property
Isolate terms (variable on
x ln 2 − 2x ln 3 = ln 3 − 2 ln 2 one side of the equation).
x ( ln 2 − 2 ln 3) = ln 3 − 2 ln 2
13. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3 Property of Logarithms
x ln 2 + 2 ln 2 = 2x ln 3 + ln 3 Distributive property
Isolate terms (variable on
x ln 2 − 2x ln 3 = ln 3 − 2 ln 2 one side of the equation).
x ( ln 2 − 2 ln 3) = ln 3 − 2 ln 2 Common factor, x.
14. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3 Property of Logarithms
x ln 2 + 2 ln 2 = 2x ln 3 + ln 3 Distributive property
Isolate terms (variable on
x ln 2 − 2x ln 3 = ln 3 − 2 ln 2 one side of the equation).
x ( ln 2 − 2 ln 3) = ln 3 − 2 ln 2 Common factor, x.
ln 3 − 2 ln 2
x=
ln 2 − 2 ln 3
15. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
x+2 2 x+1
Example: Solve 2 =3
x+2 2 x+1 Take the log of both sides
ln 2 = ln 3
( x + 2 ) ln 2 = ( 2x + 1) ln 3 Property of Logarithms
x ln 2 + 2 ln 2 = 2x ln 3 + ln 3 Distributive property
Isolate terms (variable on
x ln 2 − 2x ln 3 = ln 3 − 2 ln 2 one side of the equation).
x ( ln 2 − 2 ln 3) = ln 3 − 2 ln 2 Common factor, x.
ln 3 − 2 ln 2
x= Divide both sides by ln2 - 2ln3
ln 2 − 2 ln 3
16. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 4 ( x + 3) = 2
17. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 4 ( x + 3) = 2
2
4 = x+3
18. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 4 ( x + 3) = 2
2 Definition of Logarithm
4 = x+3
19. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 4 ( x + 3) = 2
2 Definition of Logarithm
4 = x+3
16 = x + 3
20. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 4 ( x + 3) = 2
2 Definition of Logarithm
4 = x+3
16 = x + 3 Simplify
21. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 4 ( x + 3) = 2
2 Definition of Logarithm
4 = x+3
16 = x + 3 Simplify
13 = x
22. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 4 ( x + 3) = 2
2 Definition of Logarithm
4 = x+3
16 = x + 3 Simplify
13 = x Solve for x.
23. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 4 ( x + 3) = 2
2 Definition of Logarithm
4 = x+3
16 = x + 3 Simplify
13 = x Solve for x.
All solutions of Logarithmic equations must be checked,
because negative numbers do not have logarithms.
24. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
25. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3
26. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
27. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7)
28. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7) Definition of Logarithm
29. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7) Definition of Logarithm
2
8 = x − 7x
30. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7) Definition of Logarithm
2
8 = x − 7x Simplify
31. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7) Definition of Logarithm
2
8 = x − 7x Simplify
2
0 = x − 7x − 8
32. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7) Definition of Logarithm
2
8 = x − 7x Simplify
2 Write cuadratic equation in
0 = x − 7x − 8 standard form
33. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7) Definition of Logarithm
2
8 = x − 7x Simplify
2 Write cuadratic equation in
0 = x − 7x − 8 standard form
0 = ( x − 8 ) ( x + 1)
34. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7) Definition of Logarithm
2
8 = x − 7x Simplify
2 Write cuadratic equation in
0 = x − 7x − 8 standard form
0 = ( x − 8 ) ( x + 1) Solve by factoring
35. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7) Definition of Logarithm
2
8 = x − 7x Simplify
2 Write cuadratic equation in
0 = x − 7x − 8 standard form
0 = ( x − 8 ) ( x + 1) Solve by factoring
x = 8 or x = -1
36. 2. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.
Example: Solve log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 7 ) = 3
log 2 x ( x − 7 ) = 3 Property of Logarithms
3
2 = x ( x − 7) Definition of Logarithm
2
8 = x − 7x Simplify
2 Write cuadratic equation in
0 = x − 7x − 8 standard form
0 = ( x − 8 ) ( x + 1) Solve by factoring
x = 8 or x = -1 Check!
55. 2. Quiz 4.
1. How long does it take to double an investment of $ 20,000.00 in a
bank paying an interest rate of 4% per year compounded monthly?
Find the value of x in the following equations. Check your answers.
2. 3x+4 = e5 x
3. log12 ( x − 7 ) = 1− log12 ( x − 3)
4. Character that maintained a robust dispute with Newton over the
priority of invention of calculus.
5. How did Evariste Galois die, two days after leaving prison, at age
21?
6. Why isn’t there a Nobel Prize in mathematics?