The document discusses the history of artificial intelligence from 1936 to the present. It notes key developments like Alan Turing inventing the Turing test in 1950 and IBM's Deep Blue beating world chess champion Gary Kasparov in 1997. The document advocates for user-centered design of AI and outlines an evolution from 2D to 3D and outcome-based designs. It stresses that AI should be designed to serve people and achieve intended outcomes rather than replace humanity.

1. HAL 2017 –
Interactions between
AI and People
CWIN | AIE | SF
December 7, 2017
Rob Vellinga

2. 2© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
We’re 80 years into the talk about
and the reality of Artificial Intelligence
Programing
to perform
Intellectual
Tasks
AI Maturity
and
Popularity
Advances in
AI and
Machine
Learning
Breaking
through
with AI &
Machine
Learning
• 1936 – Alan Turing
invented the
Universal Turing
Machine
• 1949 - Claude
Shannon wrote
‘Programming a
computer for
Playing Chess’
• 1950 – Alan Turing
invented the Turing
Test, to test
intelligence in a
computer, requiring
that a human being
should be unable to
distinguish the
machine from
another human being
by using the replies
to questions put to
both.
• 1956 – Allen Newell
and Herbert Simon
invented the first
‘thinking machine’-
Logic Theorist, a
punch card calculator,
to produce simulation
radar maps.
• 1964 - Danny
BoBrow (MIT) shows
that computers could
Process Natural
Language
• 1965 – ELIZA, a
program that can
hold any discourse in
English, simulating
the conversation of a
psychotherapist
• 1968 – A Space
Odyssey by
Stanley Kubrick
• 1980 – First
conference of the
American
Association of
Artificial
Intelligence is held
• 1986 - First
driverless car is
designed by
Mercedes Benz
• 1997 – NASA
successfully
completes the
Pathfinder Mission
with the first
autonomous
robotic rover to
land on Mars
• 1997 – The first
official Robocup
soccer match took
place. 40 teams of
real and ‘simulated’
players
• 1997 – IBM’s Deep
Blue wins a chess
championship against
Gary Kasparov, world
chess champion
• 2006 - ‘Machine
Reading’ (the
autonomous
understanding of
text)
• 2007 – First database
of annotated images
to aid visual object
recognition and
facial recognition
• 2009 - Google starts
developing
Driverless car
• 2014– Amazon
announces Alexa
Apple’s Siri switches
to neural network
Machine Learning
• 2017 - Apple builds
Core ML a machine
learning framework
Scientific
Community
accepts
concept of AI

3. 3© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
Why me, why now, why here
People
• Anthropometry
• Biomechanics
• Psychology
• Motor Memory
• Cognitive Processing
• Memory Loading
• Patterns
• Usability
• User-Centered Design
Process
• Who are we designing for
• What is their mental model
• How do they expect the process to
go
• How is the process done
manually, supported,
augmented, automated
• Define, Design, Develop, Test,
Launch
Environments
• Places where we spend a lot of time
• Places that we spend a lot of effort
• Places where we spend a lot of money
• Places that are critical to our success
• Places that are critical to our safety
• Places where the lines between
natural intelligence and artificial
intelligence are blurring
Rob Vellinga – Observer, Adopter, Simplify-er

4. 4© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
Design Thinking starts with empathy, curiosity and watching the world around us.
“Once a Day, Deeply Observe the Ordinary.
Good design thinkers observe. Great design thinkers
observe the ordinary.”
Tim Brown - Ideo

5. 5© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
The Reality of my day…..today.
Automation, Analytics,
User Experience

6. 6© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
We’ve been
waiting for such a
time as this….
AI is not necessarily smarter than a
human, but is able to think differently
and process LARGE amounts of data.
- Kevin Kelley (Wired)
LOW Cost Chips
Cheap computer chips, particularly
developed for gaming has resulted in
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)
Lowered the cost to explore and
enable AI
LIMITLESS Training Sets
Training sets are now able to be
created or enable in large, large
numbers, thanks to the neural
networks.
Reduced the time to train and
refine, and Increased the scale of
deployment of these data sets..
LARGE Scale Neural Networks
Neural networks are now working in
large scale.
Increased the ability for Deep
Learning
1
2
3

7. 7© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
Five Skills of AI
(AI) is similar to our perception of
human intelligence – this isn’t built on
a single element, it’s a combination of
senses, experiences, and knowledge.
– Christopher Stancombe

8. 8© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
Designing for the Now and
the Not Yet
Autonomous
vehicles
Computers
recognizing
images within
photographs
Conversational
bots
Recommendation
engines
Now Drones for
personal or
corporate
security
Predictive
maintenance
Diagnose
diseases
Personalized
advertising
Not
yet

9. 9© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
The Narrative is that AI is ….
There is no such thing as “an AI.”
Enterprises don’t need an “AI.” They
need business results in which AI
technologies may play a role.
AI is a collection of technologies
that can be used in applications,
systems and solutions to add
specific functional capabilities.
… a product or a thing
“AI” become a generalized marketing
term, often with little substance or
value.
Very useful, specific functions have
been created (speech and image
recognition, game playing, fraud and
failure prediction), but no general
intelligence is in sight, or is
singularity (think Hal 9000 or
higher).
AI is currently as real as we design
it to be.
… pervasive
People define the goals;
Technologies execute them.
Technologies (whether AI or not) do
not have their own goals that they
seek to achieve. Machines execute the
programs they have been fed, whether
the programs consist of code, data or
both. In AI, goal-seeking is an illusion
programmed in by people.
Governance and operating
parameters define the outcomes that
are desired and the guardrails within
which the ‘game is played.’
… uncontrollable
AI developers use advanced analytics, special algorithms and large bodies of data to deceive people into believing that their
product learns on its own and understands, thinks and empathizes with the user. The tendency is to anthropomorphize
technologies. Products, systems, and services with AI are currently as real as we design them to be.
… a simulation and (and replacement) of humanity

10. 10© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
Design Spectrum

11. 11© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
Understand
Personas, Outcomes,
Touchpoints, MoT, Context
Observe
Empathize, Observe,
Ask Questions
Define a POV
Frame the problem, Define
criteria to evaluate,
Be more specific than general
Ideate
Ask the right questions,
What is the ‘wicked’ question,
Need volume and variety of ideas
Prototype
User Scenarios to tell the story,
High fidelity to drive real conversations,
Define and Design with representative data.
Test Prototype or POC
User Assessments,
Usability Testing,
Stakeholder Reviews
User-Centered and Outcome-Based

12. 12© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017 12© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |
Evolution of AI Design
2D Internet to 3D Internet
Augmented reality moves the user
experience from a flat screen to an
immersive UX in our 3D world.
Outcome-Based Designs
Play music, Win the game, Set the temperature,
Adjust the room, Know my preferences, Optimize
the peformance, Self-maintenance
Facial Recognition and UX
Now the machine can react to you and
adapt rather than you adapting to the
machine.
Recent and Ongoing developments that deepen the relationship
and trust between AI and People
Michael E. Porter & James E. Heppelmann

13. 13© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
Reads facial expressions
Detects emotion
Responds to voice, touch, gestures
Listens....sometimes
Very good at specific tasks
Constantly learning
My AI

14. A global leader in consulting, technology services and digital transformation,
Capgemini is at the forefront of innovation to address the entire breadth of clients’
opportunities in the evolving world of cloud, digital and platforms. Building on its
strong 50-year heritage and deep industry-specific expertise, Capgemini enables
organizations to realize their business ambitions through an array of services from
strategy to operations. Capgemini is driven by the conviction that the business
value of technology comes from and through people. It is a multicultural company
of 200,000 team members in over 40 countries. The Group reported 2016 global
revenues of EUR 12.5 billion.
About Capgemini
Learn more about us at
www.capgemini.com
This message contains information that may be privileged or confidential and is
the property of the Capgemini Group.
Copyright © 2017 Capgemini. All rights reserved.
People matter, results count.

15. 15© Capgemini 2017. All rights reserved |Hal 2017 – Interactions between AI and People | Rob Vellinga | 12/7/2017
Key Takeaways
Hal9000 vs. Hal of 2017
Natural Power to Artificial Power
Natural Intelligence to Artificial Intelligence
Outcomes drive AI Design
2D Internet into 3D Internet