2. Chapter Introduction Section 1 Life in Ancient Rome Section 2 The Fall of Rome Section 3 The Byzantine Empire Reading Review Chapter Assessment Roman Civilization Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

4. Roman Civilization

6. Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section discusses the cultural achievements and daily life of the Roman people during the height of the empire. Life in Ancient Rome

10. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Compare and Contrast Use a Venn diagram like the one on page 302 of your textbook to show similarities and differences between the rich and the poor in Rome. Life in Ancient Rome

16. How did the historians Livy and Tacitus differ? Livy celebrated Rome’s greatness. Tacitus did not regard Roman culture positively. He felt the Romans were losing the values that made them strong and that the emperors had taken people’s freedom. Life in Ancient Rome

23. How did the population of slaves grow during the time of the Roman Empire? As Rome took over more lands, they captured and enslaved more people. Life in Ancient Rome

24. What were some of Ptolemy’s scientific achievements? He mapped more than 1,000 stars and studied the motions of the planets. Life in Ancient Rome

25. Life in Ancient Rome How were the Roman and Greek religions similar? The Romans adopted Greek gods and gave them Roman names.

26. Analyze Explain the importance of the language of the Romans. Answers should be based on the text. Life in Ancient Rome

27. Describe Describe the education of Roman children. Boys in rich families learned reading, writing, and rhetoric. Girls stayed at home to learn reading, writing, and how to manage households. Life in Ancient Rome

28. Conclude The Romans borrowed ideas from other people. Do you think our culture today borrows ideas from other peoples? Explain your answer. Answers will vary. Life in Ancient Rome

29. Make a list using the following headings. List several facts under each one to summarize the chapter. The Arts Science and Engineering Family Life Slavery Religion Life in Ancient Rome

31. Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section chronicles the decline and fall of the Roman Empire and discusses the empire’s important legacy. The Fall of Rome

35. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Sequencing Information Create a diagram like the one on page 317 of your textbook. Show the events that led up to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Fall of Rome

39. How did inflation occur? The government put less gold in its coins to create more money to pay soldiers. People learned that the coins did not have as much gold in them, so they did not value the coins as highly. The Fall of Rome

45. Why did the Visigoths rebel against the Romans? Although the Romans agreed to protect the Visigoths, they treated them badly. The Romans charged the Visigoths higher prices for food and kidnapped and enslaved many of them. The Fall of Rome

48. What ideas in the U.S. legal system came from the Roman system? We believe that all people are created equal, that people are innocent until proven guilty, that judges should be fair, and that the best form of government is a republic made up of equal citizens. The Fall of Rome

49. What social problems helped cause the empire’s decline? dishonest officials and a decline in respect for Roman values; widespread slavery; the people stopped serving in government and paying taxes; fewer people were educated The Fall of Rome

50. Why did the Roman government use Germanic warriors in its army? The Romans used Germanic warriors to help defend its borders. The Fall of Rome

51. Cause and Effect How did inflation affect Rome? Prices rose sharply; weak economy meant fewer taxes paid; government could not pay its soldiers and officials; debased currency; people stopped using it. The Fall of Rome

52. Describe Who were the Visigoths, and how did they contribute to the fall of Rome? The Visigoths were a Germanic people who moved into Roman territory to escape the Huns; they defeated the Romans at Adrianople and sacked Rome. The Fall of Rome

53. Identify Give examples of Roman ideas in language and architecture that exist today. English and other modern languages were shaped by Latin. Roman architecture is reflected in many buildings today. The Fall of Rome

54. Persuasive Writing Imagine you are living in Rome around the time of the fall of the empire. Write an editorial for a newspaper identifying what you think is the main reason for the decline and fall of the empire, and what might have been done to prevent it. Answers will vary. The Fall of Rome

55. Could the Western Roman Empire have solved its problems and continued to exist? Explain your answer. The Fall of Rome

57. The Byzantine Empire Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section discusses the rise and accomplishments of the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine Empire, which carried on the legacies of both Greece and Rome.

64. How did Constantinople’s location help protect it from invasion? It was located on a peninsula, with seas on three sides. A wall was built on the fourth side to protect the city from a land invasion. The Byzantine Empire

67. Why did Justinian fail to reunite the Roman Empire? After conquering most of Italy and northern Africa, the Byzantine Empire did not have money to maintain an army large enough to hold the territory. The Byzantine Empire

73. What rights did Byzantine women have? Byzantine women could obtain an education and serve in government. The Byzantine Empire

74. The Byzantine Empire What is a mosaic, and where were mosaics found in the Byzantine Empire? A mosaic is a picture made of tiny pieces of colored glass or stone, usually found in churches and monasteries.

75. The Byzantine Empire How did silk weaving develop in the Byzantine Empire? Byzantine travelers smuggled silkworm eggs from China to the empire.

76. Describe What were some of the trade items that were exchanged between merchants in Constantinople? From Asia: spices, gems, metals, and cloth From Byzantines: farm goods, furs, honey, and enslaved people The Byzantine Empire

77. Explain Why were divorces difficult to get in the Byzantine Empire? Religion and the government stressed the importance of marriage. The Byzantine Empire

78. Analyze What important service did Byzantine writers provide to the rest of the world? Explain its significance. Byzantine writers copied and preserved the writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans; otherwise these works would have been lost. The Byzantine Empire

79. Persuasive Writing Which civilization do you think was the most advanced —that of the Greeks, the Romans, or the Byzantines? Write a speech explaining your answer. Answers will vary. The Byzantine Empire

80. List the contributions of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire

88. Section 1 Life in Ancient Rome What did the Romans borrow from the Greeks? What did they develop on their own? Romans borrowed ideas in sculpture, architecture (porches, colonnades) and literature. They developed architecture (vault, dome, concrete), roads, aqueducts, and law and government. Roman Civilization Review Main Ideas

89. What were the lives of the rich and poor like in the Roman Empire? The rich lived in large, comfortable houses. They educated their children. The poor lived in crowded conditions in unsafe apartment buildings, and they did not educate their children. Roman Civilization Section 1 Life in Ancient Rome Review Main Ideas

90. Section 2 The Fall of Rome What weakened the Roman Empire? Poor leadership, a declining economy, and attacks by Germanic tribes weakened the Roman Empire. Roman Civilization Review Main Ideas

91. What caused the fall of Rome in the A.D. 400s? Germanic invasions Roman Civilization Section 2 The Fall of Rome Review Main Ideas

92. Section 3 The Byzantine Empire What policies and reforms helped make the Byzantine Empire strong? Justinian’s law code; rights for women; reconquered Italy and North Africa; added cavalry to the army Roman Civilization Review Main Ideas

93. What different groups of people contributed to the Byzantine culture? Greeks, Egyptians, Slavs, Persians, and others Roman Civilization Section 3 The Byzantine Empire Review Main Ideas

94. Cause and Effect Why did Alaric’s capture of Rome shock the Roman people? Rome had not been conquered in 800 years. Roman Civilization

95. Predict What do you think would have happened if Theodosius had not divided the Roman Empire? Answers will vary. Roman Civilization

97. Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Journey Across Time Web site. Click on Chapter 9-Chapter Overviews to preview information about this chapter. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://www.jat.glencoe.com

98. Map s Germanic Invasions of Rome c. A.D. 200 – 500 The Byzantine Empire A.D. 527 – 565 Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Charts Greek and Roman Gods The Decline of Rome

99. Click the map to view an interactive version.

100. Click the map to view an interactive version.

103. Ptolemy studied astronomy. He was also a geographer who plotted every geographic feature he knew on a grid and taught others how to create maps. Life in Ancient Rome

104. The Hippodrome was a racing track in Constantinople. It is estimated that the Hippodrome held about 100,000 people. Much of the Hippodrome is gone, but what remains forms a square in Istanbul. The Fall of Rome

105. Empress Theodora came from a theatrical family. Her father was a bear keeper for the circus, and the empress was a very popular comedic actress. The Byzantine Empire

106. Your Point of View Learn It! Reading Social Studies An important part of reading involves thinking about and responding to the text from your own point of view. Read the paragraph on the following slide about daily life in Rome and look at how one student reflects as she reads.

107. — from page 306 The city of Rome was crowded, noisy, and dirty. People tossed garbage into the streets from their apartments, and thieves prowled the streets at night. Most people in Rome were poor. They lived in apartment buildings made of stone and wood. High rent forced families to live in one room. “ Reminds me of a city I visited once” “ What would that look like? What would it smell like?” “ Were they like apartment buildings today?” “ Sounds like it would be very uncomfortable and crowded!” Reading Social Studies

110. Roman Civilization Introduction

111. Life in Ancient Rome

112. The Fall of Rome

113. The Byzantine Empire

114. The Book of Epodes

115. Primary Source Distrust of Money Rome is Attacked Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

116. Distrust of Money

117. Rome is Attacked

118. Theodora Refuses to Flee

119. Sports & Contests Sports were important to the Romans. Paintings on vases, frescoes (moist plaster), and stone show Romans playing ball, including a version of soccer. Roman girls are shown exercising with handheld weights and throwing an egg-shaped ball. Balls were made of different materials such as wool, hair, linen, sponges, and pig bladders wrapped in string. Some Roman sporting events took place in the Colosseum, amphitheaters, and the Circus Maximus. Wild beast fights, battles between ships, and gladiator contests attracted Roman spectators by the thousands. Chariot racing was held in the Circus Maximus, and the drivers wore team colors of red, white, green, and blue. Ancient Roman Sports

120. Connecting to the Past Paintings on vases, frescoes, and stone show Romans participating in sports. 1. How do we know sports were important to the Romans? 2. How are today’s sports different from Roman sports? How are they similar? Today sports do not feature fights between animals, battles between ships, or contests to the death between gladiators. Similarities may include comparisons between chariot racing and horse racing.

121. Focus on Everyday Life Public and private slavery were common in Roman society. Public slaves were owned by the state. They took care of important buildings and served government officials. Educated public slaves were used to help organize the governments of conquered areas. Private slaves were owned by individuals. They were often forced to work long hours and could be sold at any time. Wealthy Romans had hundreds or even thousands of enslaved people. Most enslaved people worked on farms. Most enslaved people were men. This was probably because their work required great strength. Some enslaved men also became gladiators. Enslaved women made clothing and cooked for their owner’s family. Slavery in the Roman Empire

122. Connecting to the Past Public slaves were owned by the state. Private slaves were owned by an individual. 1. What was the main difference between public and private enslavement? 2. Which jobs were probably considered the most desirable by enslaved people? Answers will vary but may include jobs as groundskeepers or personal assistants at country villas.

123. c. A.D. 280 – 337 Constantine The Great

124. Empress Theodora C. A.D. 500 – 548

125. Ptolemy was limited to what he could see with his own eyes. When observed from the earth, the other planets and stars seem to rotate around. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 9–1 Chapter 9

126. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 9–2 Chapter 9

127. Answers will vary, but should reflect that the Muslim Turks wanted to hide Christian symbols. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 9–3 Chapter 9

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