Talk given on June 22nd to the California Emerging Technology Fund on Calit2's effort in partnership with SDSC to provide technology support for investigating how technology can help respond to wildfires.
DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam
Wireless Networks and Public Safety: Wildfires in San Diego
1. Advanced Wireless Networks and Public Safety:
A Calit2, SDSC, and San Diego Collaboration
Jerry Sheehan, Chief of Staff
California Institute for Telecommunications and
Information Technology [Calit2]
Presentation to California Emerging Technology
Fund Board, June 22nd, 2012
2. Presentation Overview
• Wildfires and San Diego
• The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network:
Connectivity, Situational Awareness, and Sensing
• The Future
3. San Diego Wildfires: 2003 and 2007
2003
• 384,829 acres
burned
• 17 deaths, 145
firefighters injured
• +$2B in damages
2007
• 361, 190 acres
Burned
• 7 deaths, 23
civilians and 105
firefighter injured
• 500,000 evacuated
• +$2B in damages
4. Downtown San Diego, October 23, 2007
Photo Credit: Bill Clayton, San Diego State University
5. Climate Change and Wildfires
Source: Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations, National Research Council, July 2010
7. HPWREN Topology, December 2000
Pala
Native American
Reservation
UC San Diego
UCSD
Mount Laguna
Observatory
Backbone/relay node
Approximately 50 Miles Astronomy science site
Native American site
8. Coyote Fire, IPC Deployment 2003
Palomar Mountain relay
Cuyamaca Mountain
HPWREN backbone site
Fire operations relay
Operations camp
10. Fixed and Mobile HPWREN Public Safety Deployments
15 Fixed installations 8 Ad-hoc Incident Command Post deployments
Air bases: • 2003 Coyote Fire
• Fallbrook Helitac Base • 2004 Eagle Fire
• Gillespie Field Helitac Base • 2004 Mataguay Fire
• Ramona Air Attack Base • 2005 Volcan Fire
• 2005 Border50 Fire
Conservation Camps: • 2006 Horse Fire
• La Cima • 2010 Cowboy fire
• Puerta La Cruz • 2011 Eagle Fire
• Rainbow
Cal Fire Stations:
• Mount Woodson Other fire-related activities
• Red Mountain
• Rincon • Environmental camera/animations information
• Valley Center • Other sensor data
• Warner Springs • Fire drill events
SDCFA stations:
• Palomar
• Ranchita
USFS:
• Palomar
County:
• PSC/EOC
16. SDSU’s San Diego GIS Force Group of Volunteers
Geo-Referenced MODIS Data and Distributed Over Web
“We apologize for the slow
server performance in the first
two days of the wildfires (Oct. 21
& 22) due to overloaded
requests from Web users.
Tuesday we were given access
to major Intel computers at
Calit2 at UCSD and special
connectivity between SDSU and
UCSD (OptIPuter) from which
this page is now being served
(special thanks to John
Graham, Eric Frost, Larry
Smarr, John DeNune, and
October 23, 2007 Cristiano). It is super fast now.”
-- SDSU Department of
Geography, Oct. 25, 11:00am.
Site organized by Dr. Ming-Hsiang Tsou, SDSU
http://map.sdsu.edu/
18. Santa Anna Weather Alerts for County Fire Personnel
Lyons Peak Datalogger Lyons Peak Datalogger Lyons Peak Datalogger
Relative Humidity Wind Speed Wind Direction
Lyons Peak Datalogger
Date: Wed, 4 Aug 2010 09:31:05 -0700
Subject: URGENT weather sensor alert
LP: RH=26.1 WD=135.2 WS=1.9 FM=6.8 AT=80.7 at
20100804.093100
More details at http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Sensors/
Fuel Moisture
Trigger real-time computer-generated alerts, if: condition
“A” AND condition “B” AND condition “C” OR condition
“D” exists, in which case several San Diego emergency
officers are being paged or emailed during such alert
conditions, based on HPWREN data parameterization by a
CDF Division Chief. This system has been in operation since
2004.
20. NASA’s Aqua Satellite’s MODIS Instrument Provided “Situational Awareness”
of the 14 SoCal Fires
Calit2, SDSU, and NASA Goddard Used NASA Prioritization and OptIPuter Links
to Cut time to Receive Images from 24 to 3 Hours
October 22, 2007
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
NASA/MODIS Rapid Response
www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/socal_wildfires_oct07.html
21. MODIS Images Provide Targeting Information to
NASA's EO-1 Satellite Which Cuts Through Smoke
Composite of the Three of the
Red, Blue, and Green Channels Shortwave Infrared Channels
October 23, 2007 Witch Wildfire south of Escondido, California
EO-1’s Hyperion Spectrometer Observes 220 Contiguous Wavelengths
From Visible Light To Shortwave Infrared
Source: NASA/EO-1 Team
www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/socal_wildfires_oct07.html
22. 0.5 meter image resolution. 2meter resolution elevation derived from stereo
imagery
April 2004 Flown by Plane with four bands: RGB and infrared. Imagery flown
April 2004 Flown by Plane with four bands: RGB and infrared. Imagery flown fused with real time sensed data
Tom Porter, San Diego Unit Chief CalFire in NextCave
Understanding fire behavior is a huge challenge. Weather and fire behavior have coupled interactions that must be modeled appropriately. Above is the cutting edge in merging atmospheric and fire models. Lead by scientist Janice Coen at NCAR, ColoradoThe following animations show coupled weather-fire behavior model simulations of the growth of wildfires.The widely-observed "universal fire shape" evolves from the physics of fire interactions with the atmosphere.The fire starts as a line; constant easterly winds of 3 m/s are driving the fire from behind. The fuel is "chaparral", a brush common in parts of CA, AZ, and the central Rocky Mtns. Wildfire control in chaparral (a species that has adapted itself to recurring fires) is notoriously difficult, because coupling Santa Ana winds, with droughts, long summers, and (often) steep terrain, creates intense, rapidly spreading fires.The misty field is smoke, denser and more red where the fire is burning most intensely.As the fire spreads, it evolves into a shape well-known to fire managers, with three parts: 1) the "head" - the leading edge of the fire where the heat is focussed, 2) two "flanks" - along the side, here the winds blow basically parallel to the edge of the fire, and 3) the "back" - the slowest moving part of the fire that creeps against the wind. The heat from the fire rises in updrafts(s) that the winds focus at the head of the fire. These updrafts draw warm air into their base from all directions, guiding the wind to flow along the flanks and focus the heat at the front. In this way, the interaction of the fire with environmental winds creates a self-perpetuating, universal shape that is observed in fires in many conditions all around the world.
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