12. Challenged Projects - Reasons
Lack of User Input
Technology
Incomplete Incompetence
Requirements &
Lack of Resources
Specifications
Unrealistic Expectations
Changing Requirements
Unclear Objectives
& Specifications
Unrealistic Time Frames
Lack of Executive
New Technology
Support
Software engineering done right.
13. Failed Projects - Reasons
Incomplete
Changing Requirements
Requirements & Specifications
Lack of User
Lack of Planning
Involvement
Didn't Need It Any
Lack of Resources Longer
Unrealistic Expectations
Lack of IT Management
Lack of Executive
Technology Illiteracy
Support
Software engineering done right.
14. Successful Projects - Reasons
User involvement
Project manager
Executive management expertise
support
Financial management
Clear business
Skilled resources
objectives
Formal methodology
Optimizing scope
Standard tools and
Agile process methodology
Software engineering done right.
16. What's wrong with “Waterfall”?
Mistakes are hard to find in early stages
Expensive to fix mistakes in later stages
Customers don't know what they want from the
beginning
Developers don't know how long a project will take
from the beginning
Business needs change
Software engineering done right.
17. Effects of “Waterfall”
Death March projects
‒
Mis-estimated schedules lead to successive overtime
‒
Delays in one stage cause delays in succeeding stages
Conflict between customers and developers
‒
Customers don't get the software that they want
‒
Developers don't get clear requirements
Process and tool obsession
‒
People focus on creating artifacts but lose sight of the
goal of working software
‒
Processes replace natural communication
Software engineering done right.
18. The Agile Manifesto
We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping
others do it. Through this work we have come to value:
• Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
• Working software over comprehensive documentation
• Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
• Responding to change over following a plan
That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on
the left more.
Software engineering done right.
19. Selected Practices
Iterative Development
User Stories
Test-Driven Development
One Team
Self-Managed Teams
Sustainable Pace
Software engineering done right.
20. Iterative Development
Software development as an evolutionary process
Software engineering done right.
21. Iterative Development
All steps of SDLC are done at each iteration
Software engineering done right.
22. Iterative Development
Working software produced at each iteration
– No such thing as “X% complete”, only done and not
done
Software engineering done right.
23. Iterative Development
Benefits
‒ Customers can evaluate what they want and adjust
requirements
‒ Developers get better estimates of future tasks
‒ Better communication between customer and
developers and among developers
Talk is about something concrete, not abstract
‒ Just enough artifacts are created to produce working
software
Less waste
Software engineering done right.
24. User Stories
Traditional requirements: “The system shall... the
system shall...”
Software engineering done right.
25. User Stories
As a < user role >
In order to < business goal >
I want to < behavior >
Focus on business goals
- Requirements have context
Story-telling is the most natural way of
communication
Software engineering done right.
26. Test-Driven Development
Bugs are harder to find
and fix when found later
Modifying code tends to
introduce bugs
- Difficult to know if one has
introduced bugs without
tests
Manual tests are
expensive to repeat and
provide limited
information
Software engineering done right.
27. Test-Driven Development
Programmers should write automated tests as they
code
- Write test before implementation
Provides immediate feedback if their code works
Builds suite of automated tests that can be run each
time code is modified
Makes it safe to modify existing code
Frameworks: JUnit, NUnit, hundreds of others...
Software engineering done right.
29. TDD Benefits
Code is safe to modify
Tests are excellent documentation
- Programmers hate writing documentation, but they like to
code
Design improves
- Programmers think of their code's behavior before coding
- Programmers see their code from a second-person's
point-of-view
• Is my code readable? Easy to use?
- Components become decoupled to facilitate testing
Software engineering done right.
30. One Team
Everyone is
considered part of one
team, including the
customer
Developers, testers,
business analysts,
project managers, web
designers, etc, work in
the same place,
place
usually on the same
table
Software engineering done right.
32. One Team
Faster communication
– Issues resolved faster
Natural communication
– Face-to-face, ad hoc and continuous throughout the
day
Less misunderstanding and antagonism between
functional groups
Software engineering done right.
33. Self-Managed Teams
When teams manage themselves...
Higher motivation
More creative solutions
Faster resolution of issues
Drive for continuous improvement
Software engineering done right.
34. Self-Managed Teams
Practices/Tools
Daily Stand-Up Meetings
Retrospectives
Big Visible Charts,
Whiteboards
Direct access to
customers
Software engineering done right.
35. Sustainable Pace
Overtime leads to
lower productivity
Lowers morale
Software engineering done right.
36. Sustainable Pace
Team should measure “velocity” at each iteration
Keep work load within velocity
If iteration load was underestimated, ask customer
to decide which features to move to future iterations
Software engineering done right.
38. Agile at Orange & Bronze
• Been doing Agile since its foundation in 2005
– Before it became mainstream
• We've tried different methodologies and practices
– XP, Scrum, Kanban
– Not all practices work in all conditions
• The first to offer training in Agile methodologies and
practices
– Scrum, TDD, Agile Business Analysis, Agile QA, etc
– Trainers are seasoned practictioners
Software engineering done right.