2. How to Define Appalachian Music
The Region of the Appalachian Mountains include:
Georgia
Tennessee
South Carolina
North Carolina
Kentucky
West Virginia
Virginia
Pennsylvania
Parts of Ohio and Maryland
(underlined = region of focus of this ppt) http://www.geology.iupui.edu/Researc
h/BioMineralLab/Ocoee/overview.html
3. How to Define Appalachian Music
Influences included:
Celtic ballads
Anglo-Saxon
African American Music
Gospel
4. Fun Fact!
The formation of the
Appalachian Mountains
appealed to poorer people
looking for cheaper,
unwanted land such as the
accordion-like steep ridges,
full of foliage entanglements
like mountain laurel, and
therefore difficult to
transverse, alongside
valleys and 'hollers' full of
generally agriculturally
useless soil.
5. History of Appalachian Culture and
Music
Immigrants from England, Scotland, Ireland,
Germany, and Wales attempted to recreate
the instruments of their homelands.
Some exact copies, some approximations.
Difficult terrain kept inhabitants somewhat
isolated which kept music and culture highly
preserved for many generations.
Cumberland gap discovered in 1750 that led
to fertile Kentucky bluegrass country enabling
music and culture to also flourish.
6. History of Appalachian Culture and
Music Cont'd
Two Periods
Traditional Music- Early 18th century-
1900,Ballads and Dance, from Anglo-Celtic
Immigrants, today's version known as
Bluegrass
“Old Time Music”- 1900-1930, blends of
traditional with parlour and vaudeville, African-
American styles, and Minstrel Show tunes
7. Traditional Music
Based on Anglo-Celtic folk ballads and
instrumental dance tunes
Many times sung unaccompanied
Tonal, nasal quality, like the accents of these
regions also do
Celtic variations to reflect American locations,
contexts, and occupations with American
Christian influence
8. Bluegrass versus Old Time Music
OT songs are about whiskey and food.
BG songs are about God, mother and the girl who did me
wrong.
If the girlfriend isn’t murdered by the third verse, it ain’t
Bluegrass
OT bands have nonsense names like “Hoss Hair Pullers”
“Fruit Jar Drinkers” and “Skillet Lickers”. BG bands have
serious gender-specific name like “Bluegrass Boys,” “Foggy
Mountain Boys,” and “Clinch Mountain Boys”
http://bluegrasswest.com/wordpress
9. Bluegrass Versus Old Time Music
Cont'd
The most common OT keys are major and modal (i.e. minor).
BG uses major, mixolydian, Dorian and minor keys
A BG band has between 1 and 3 singers who are singing
about an octave above their natural vocal range. Some OT
bands have no singers at all.
A BG band has a vocal orchestrator who arranges duet, trio
and quartet harmonies.
In an OT band, anyone who feels like it can sing or make
comments during the performance.
All BG tunes & songs last 3 minutes. OT tunes & songs
sometimes last all night.
10. Legends of Appalachian Music
Bill Monroe
Father of Bluegrass-invented the style and
name
Formed the Blue Grass Boys in 1940's
Bluegrass Hall of Honor and received a
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and the
National Medal of the Arts
Check out an awesome tune by Bill and the
Blue Grass Boys! Blue Moon of Kentucky
11. Legends of Appalachian Music
The Carter Family
Recorded over 300 old-time
ballads, traditional tunes, country
songs, and gospel hymns
Original members were Mother
Maybelle Addington Carter(guitar
and sang harmony), Sara
Dougherty(dulcimer, alto lead)
Alviln Pleasant(A.P.) Carter(fiddle My Favorite Carter
and sang bass) Family Tune:
Will the Circle be
Originated in mountains of Virginia Unbroken
and eventually landed in the Grand
Ole Opry in Knoxville, Tennessee
12. Legends of Appalachian Music
Ralph Stanley
Born in Stratton, VA
Banjo player,
clawhammer style
Formed Stanley Brothers
with his brother Carter http://www.last.fm/music/Ralph+St
anley
Focused on Gospel-like until
Carter's death in 1966, then
Ralph sang grieving and haunting melodies
such as Man of Constant Sorrow
13. Legends of Appalachian Music
Earl Scruggs
Born into a very musical
family in North Carolina
Played unique style
of Banjo, with 3 fingers,
since age 10
Invited to play in BlueGrass Boys with Bill
Monroe and on the Grand Ole Opry
Joined with Lester Flatts to form Foggy
Mountain Boys
Recently passed away March 28, 2012
14. Instruments used in Appalachian
Music
Guitar
Mandolin *Notice limited percussion
instruments*
Fiddle
Banjo
Dulcimer
Spoons
Bass
15. Guitar
Often primary instrument
Sets melody of song
Single or Multiple used
Strummed and Picked
Body sometimes used
as percussion or
'count in'
16. Fiddle
AKA Violin in classical music
Bowed and
sometimes Plucked
4 or 5 Strings
17. Dulcimer
Also known as: Appalachian dulcimer, lap
dulcimer, mountain dulcimer, dulcimore,
dulcymore, harmony, harmonium, and hog
fiddle
Played on lap
Multiple variations
Strummed and
picked
18. Banjo
Essentially a cross
between a snare drum
and a guitar
6 strings
High tones
Unique three finger
picking style
My Uncle!
19. Spoons and Household Instruments
Spoons-played between hands and thigh
Washboard-strummed
Jug- blown like
a flute
Percussion sources
20. Mandolin
Smaller, 12 string instrument
Played high on chest
Higher tones
Unique Picking style
21. Bass
Standing Bass used in Appalachian music
Plucked, not Bowed
Sets back beat
instead of percussion
22. Dancing Styles to Appalachian Music
Based on Celtic dancing styles
Follow the music
A form of percussion for the music
− Clogging
− Flatfooting
− Buckdancing
− Square dancing
23. Clogging
Based on Celtic dancing
Clogging is a rhythmic, percussive dancing
style that goes with Appalachian music. Can
be done individually or in a group or square
dance (as seen in video below). The dancers
respond the the caller as he announces the
next moves. Clogging
24. Flatfooting
One of the styles of dance that involves a lot of
irregular steps and shuffle with no hopping or
springing found in clogging
Check out this example!
Flat Footing
25. Why did I chose Appalachian Music?
This type of music was the music of my
homeland and ancestors. My family is from
the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina.
I grew up listening and participating in
Bluegrass Jam sessions with my father and
Uncle and their band, attending festivals. I
even got a chance to meet Ralph Stanley!This
music is near and dear to my heart.
I hope you have enjoyed the history and
experience of Appalachian Music, both
Bluegrass and Old Time.
− Caroline Daniell