There have been few rigorous studies on effective approaches to improving student attendance. No single approach works best, and parental intervention tends to be less effective for older students. Personalizing strategies may be more important for engaging older children. School policies should be reasonable, clearly communicated, and distinguish between excused and unexcused absences, with parent notification and home-school contact. Early interventions can include home-school contact and support for struggling students, with fixed homework and bedtime routines.