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Stress & Gastrointestinal Problems
- 1. Dr B Ravinder Reddy MBBS, MS, FRCS (Edinburgh), FRCS (Glasgow) Consultant Gastrointestinal & General Surgeon Chief – Division of Clinical Nutrition Care Hospitals Hyderabad bravinderreddy@doctor.com
- 2. Dept.of Surgical Gastroenterology & Division of Clinical Nutrition Greetings From Care Hospital, Hyderabad www.carehospitals.com
- 4. What is stress? Is a biological term Any stimulus or fear of pain that disturbs the normal equilibrium
- 5. Stimulus can be… Physical
- 6. Stimulus can be… Mental
- 7. Stimulus can be… Emotional
- 8. Any stimulus that triggers a stress response Stressor
- 10. Beliefs
- 11. Attitudes
- 12. Loss
- 13. Tragedy
- 15. Positive Stress Eustress This occurs when the level of stress is high enough to motivate a person into action to get thingsaccomplished
- 16. Eustress Performing in a competition (play / sports / dance / debate) Taking a test Moving into a new place / home Giving a presentation
- 17. Negative Stress Distress Occurs when the level of stress causes the body and the mind to respond negatively
- 18. Distress Failing an examination or test Loosing money on stock market Fighting with friend or family member Dealing with separation or divorce Being late
- 19. Distress The commonest cause of distress amongst professionals is related to their respective work!
- 20. If work is … Meaningful Fulfilling Rewarding
- 21. But work can often be… Unpredictable Challenging Hard Thankless
- 22. What happens when a person is stressed? Body’s Responds In An Automatic Way
- 23. Body’s Response to Stress Heart rate increases Muscles tighten Sweating increases Adrenaline increases Pupils dilate Hearing improves Fight / Flight Response
- 24. What happens if the stress continues? Body becomes extremely tired or fatigued!
- 28. Mental Fatigue
- 31. Hans Selye
- 32. Hans Selye
- 33. Hans Selye’s GAS Theory Stress Causes physiological & psychological response. These in turn induces a kind of adjustment…. General Adaptation Syndrome
- 34. General Adaptation Syndrome Resistance Adaptation Stress
- 35. General Adaptation Syndrome Resistance Exhaustion Stress Disease
- 36. Effects of Stress Long Term Short Term
- 37. Short Term Effects Blood is diverted from less vital organs to more vital ones Heart rate increases to supply more blood quickly Blood pressure increases to supply blood efficiently Respiratory rate increases to get more oxygen from the atmosphere
- 38. Short Term Effects Glycogen in liver & muscles is converted to provide more glucose Even more glucose is formed from non- carbohydrate substances, like proteins
- 39. How does this acute stress manifest?
- 40. Acute Stress: Signs & Symptoms Cold skin + gooseflesh, flushing of skin and feeling of warmth Breathlessness & dry mouth Difficulty in speaking, swallowing Abdominal discomfort + stomach ulcers Loose stools
- 41. Acute Stress: Signs & Symptoms Increased blood glucose levels Reduced energy stores Headache, back ache & neck pain Increase in diseases like eczema, psoriasis, arthritis Difficulty in concentrating & memory disturbances
- 42. Acute Stress: Signs & Symptoms Sleeplessness Loss of appetite Decreased sexual drive Anxiety & Depression Outbursts of anger
- 43. Long Term Effects Persistent Stress Secretion of Stress Hormones Body Experiences Extra Stress Due to High Levels of Hormones Irreversible Physiological Damages
- 44. Chronic Stress – Signs & Symptoms Chronic head ache & mood swings Anxiety & memory disturbances Increased heart attacks & strokes because of increased blood pressure, sugar & cholesterol Substance abuse Sleeplessness
- 45. Chronic Stress – Signs & Symptoms Weight loss Increase in allergies including asthma Irritable bowel disease Inflammatory bowel disease Decreased sexual drive
- 46. Brain & GIT are highly inter-related Gastrointestinal symptoms are very common
- 47. Effect of Stress Stress & Gastro Intestinal Tract
- 48. Stress & Gastrointestinal Tract Digestion is disturbed Stomach emptying is delayed Large intestine empties faster (IBS)
- 49. Stress & Gastrointestinal Tract Increased incidence of ulcers Increased incidence of constipation and associated fissures & hemorrhoids Increased incidence of various cancers
- 50. Management of Stress Self Help PRAISES
- 51. PRAISES P: Physical exercise (Time spent meeting the basic physicalneeds and self care / health care activities) R: Recreational activities (Time spent in the pursuitof fun or relaxation) A: Artistic activities (Time engaging in creative pursuits, or enjoying the creativity of others (eg, listening to music, drawing, going to movies / plays)
- 52. PRAISES I: Intellectual time spent expanding or engaging the mind by means of direct or indirect learning activities S: Spiritual efforts made to connect with anything larger than the individual or family (eg, religion, community)
- 53. PRAISES E: Employment time devoted to the pursuit of financial goals S: Social time spent with others (eg, parenting, friends, associations)
- 56. Many Many Thanks ? bravinderreddy@doctor.com