This ppt covers the role of diet in various diseases and the effects of excessive stress and gives an overview of the optimal diet in various non-communicable diseases.
Dr B Ravinder Reddy
Care Hospital, Hyderabad, India
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Stress, diet & disease
1. Dr B Ravinder Reddy MBBS, MS, FRCS (Edinburgh), FRCS (Glasgow) Consultant Gastrointestinal & General Surgeon Chief – Division of Clinical Nutrition Care Hospitals Hyderabad bravinderreddy@doctor.com
2. Dept. of Surgical Gastroenterology & Division of Clinical Nutrition Greetings From Care Hospital, Hyderabad www.carehospitals.com
3. Diet & Disease Nutrition is of interest to Everyone! Impoverished Scientists Community Worker Over Nourished Under Nourished Pts Food Industry (FF&N) Aesthetic & Cosmesis Clinicians & Nutritionists
4. Diet & Disease Diet related diseases are spreading throughout the world across all age barriers, affecting many children as well as adults Recent WHO statistics: One Billion Adults Are Overweight! 300 Million Adults Are Obese! Puska P et al. WHO strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Data and Statistics. Geneva: WHO; 2007
7. Diet & Disease In the past two decades our understanding of food and nutrients that promote good health has grown substantially Owing to studies of molecular mechanisms of various diseases and the effects of various nutrients
10. Diet & Disease A wrong diet can be a major cofactor in causing various diseases and aggravating the various stressors!
11. Diet & Disease After eating a calorie dense diet ↑Saturated Fats ↑ Refined CH ↑ Fibre Is Very Common!
12. Stress, Diet & Disease This diet is associated with Hyperglycemia Hypertriglyceridemia Increase in free radicals (pro-oxidant state) Increase in cytokines (pro-inflammatory state)
13. Stress, Diet & Disease This in turn is associated with: Endothelial dysfunction Increase in free radicals Increase in inflammation
21. Stress, Diet & Disease Can Appropriate Diet Prevent or Treat All Diseases? NO!
22. Diet & Disease A select few types of diets have shown to be effective as per their respective claim* *By scientific investigations & clinical trails
23. Diet & Disease Fibre (25 – 50 gms) Reduces Cardiovascular Diseases* Reduces LDL Cholesterol Provides SCFA Avoids Constipation *The first health claim allowed by US Government FDA, US Department of Health and Human Services FDA proposes health claim for oatmeal & oat bran. Jan 11, 1999
24. Diet & Disease Soy Protein(35 – 45 gms) Reduces Cardiovascular Diseases* Reduces LDL Cholesterol & Triglycerides Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Antimigratory Reduces Atherosclerosis Phytoestrogens *Due to its amino acid profile which differs from animal protein FDA, US Department of Health and Human Services FDA proposes health claim for soy protein & hear disease. Oct 26, 1999
25. Diet & Disease Omega - 3 Fatty Acids The best known nutrient, has been extensively studied Ratified by US FDA & AHA to reduce CVD and for use of supplements of FO for CHD patients
26. Diet & Disease Omega - 3 Fatty Acids Reduces inflammation by inhibiting cytokines Inhibits mitogens Inhibits thrombosis Inhibits antherosclerosis Reduces TG Increases NO production Is beneficial in autoimmune diseases, IBD, RA Forms important aspect of nervous system 1 to 2 gms
28. Diet & Disease Omega - 3 Fatty Acids Connor WE. Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health & disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71
29. Diet & Disease Synbiotics Probiotics Are bacteria containing foods Alter the bacterial composition of gut by adding bacteria Prebiotics Act as substrate to the gut bacteria Alter the bacterial composition by changing the substrates
30. Diet & Disease Synbiotics Immunity of the gut largely depends on type of micro-organisms Alter the gut bacterial colonies Reduce permeability of harmful micro-organisms
31. Diet & Disease Synbiotics Strengthen intestinal immunity through IgA & inflammatory responses Decrease levels of enzymes, mutagens & 20 bile salts, thereby reducing the incidence of colon cancer
32. Diet & Disease Synbiotics Produce SCFA SCFA reduce pH of colon, increase proliferation of normal epithelium, suppressing abnormal cells, thereby reducing incidence of cancer SCFA also help in absorption of iron
33. Diet & Disease Synbiotics All these benefits are not JUST due to replacing the bacteria… Recent evidence suggests that it is the secondary products* produced by these probiotics that are responsible for the beneficial bioactivity *SCFA, Short Bioactive Peptides (cleaved from milk & other proteins)
39. Nutrigenomics “Personalised Nutrition” This involves application of evidence based nutrition as per the person’s genetic makeup! Individualised nutritional intervention rather than the traditional or general approach to maintain good health appears to be more appropriate
40. Nutrigenomics “Personalised Nutrition” Nutrigenomics is promising! Is still in the early stages In due course of time, a more accurate and effective recommendations can be tailor made on individual basis!
