Mitosis

1. Mitosis Study
Guide
Review

2. What is the purpose of
Mitosis?
Division of cells to grow, or
replace old, diseased, dead
or damaged body cells

3. Explain each phase of the
cell cycle and draw a picture
of what a cell in this phase
might look like

4. Interphase
Cell Grows
DNA is copied
Visible nucleus and nucleolus
DNA is uncondensed=chromatin
Chromosomes are NOT visible

5. Interphase

6. Prophase
Visible condensed double-stranded
chromosomes/ sister chromatids
Centrioles begin to send out spindle
fibers
Nuclear envelope disappears

7. Prophase
Plant Cell Animal Cell

8. Metaphase
Double-stranded chromosomes/ Sister
chromatids line up in the center of the
cell
Spindle fibers connect to the
centromeres of each chromosome
Chromatids are being pulled

9. Metaphase
Plant Cell Animal Cell

10. Anaphase
Sister chromatids are moving apart=
chromatids once split
Chromatids are moving towards the
poles of the cell
Spindle fibers pull the chromatids to
the poles

11. Anaphase
Plant Cell Animal Cell

12. Telophase
New nuclear membrane begins to
form around each set of chromatids
Cytoplasm begins to divide
Chromatids uncoil= chromatin once
uncondensed
Visible cleavage furrow
Spindle fibers disappear

13. Telophase
Plant Cell Animal Cell

14. Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm divides
2 new daughter cells identical to the
parent cell
After cytokinesis, cell return to
interphase

15. Cytokinesis
Plant Cell Animal Cell

16. Explain what happens
to the cell’s genetic
information during the
following parts of the
cell cycle

17. Interphase
DNA is copied
DNA is uncondensed=chromatin
Chromosomes are NOT visible

18. Prophase
Visible condensed double-stranded
chromosomes/ sister chromatids

19. Metaphase
Double-stranded chromosomes/ Sister
chromatids line up in the center of the
cell
Chromatids are being pulled

20. Anaphase
Sister chromatids are moving apart=
chromatids once split
Chromatids are moving towards the
poles of the cell by means of the
spindle fibers

21. Telophase
New nuclear membrane begins to
form around each set of chromatids
Chromatids uncoil= chromatin once
uncondensed

22. Cytokinesis
2 new daughter cells
With identical DNA within each

23. How do daughter cells produced
in mitosis compare to the original
cell?
The daughter cells are identical to the
original (parent) cell.
Same function, same internal parts,
SAME DNA

24. Explain the relationship that
mitosis has with cancer.
Cancer is unregulated cell growth and
division.

25. How do Chemotherapy drugs
used in cancer treatment affect
Mitosis?
They stop cell division at various
stages of the cell cycle
◦ Prevent DNA replication (doxorubicin)
◦ Cross-link with DNA to prevent synthesis
(cyclophospliamide)
◦ Blocks cells from making nucleotides
(methotrexate)

26. Why does chemotherapy tend to
cause side effects like hair loss
and gastrointestinal issues?
They kill off the rapidly dividing cells
of the body
kill not only rapidly dividing cancer
cells but also cells of the rapidly
dividing cells like those that make up
hair, bone marrow, and the GI tract
Effects are NOT usually permanent

27. What is the difference between a
scanning electron microscope
and a transmission electron
microscope?Scanning Electron Microscope
◦ The entire organism/specimen can be
used, but it must be coated in a thin layer
of gold atoms
◦ The imaged obtained is a 3 dimensional
surface image

28. What is the difference between a
scanning electron microscope
and a transmission electron
microscope?Transmission Electron Microscope
◦ Uses a thin slice of an organism/specimen
◦ Used to study the internal make-up of the
specimen

29. Scanning Electron Microscope
Images
Cat
Flea

30. Scanning Electron Microscope
Images
Hypodermic

31. Scanning Electron Microscope
Images
Staple
Through
Paper

32. Transmission Electron
Microscope Images
Cross Section
of a Sunflower
Plant Cell

33. Transmission Electron
Microscope Images
Giardia
Cysts

34. Transmission Electron
Microscope Images
Cross
Section of
Chloroplas
t in a Leaf

35. How are the pictures they take
different?
Scanning Electron Microscope Images
show…
◦ 3 dimensional images of surface
Transmission Electron Microscope
Images show…
◦ Internal make-up of the specimen (cross
section)

36. What types of problems can
occur at each stage of the
Mitosis?Prophase: nuclear membrane may not
dissolve causing the cell to not be able to
go through other stages
Metaphase: Chromosomes may not line
up, causing an error in the remaining
phases
Anaphase: Sister chromatids may not
split correctly, causing an error in the
number of chromosomes at each cell
pole
Telophase: Chromatids may not unravel,

37. What might happen to an
organism if their cells lost the
ability to divide via Mitosis?
Once that cell dies then that particular
cell would not be able to pass on their
DNA.
Furthermore, that particular organism
would not be able to make new cells after
the original parent cell has died
Eventually casing the death of that