Few Aspects of Windows Forensics. Small things that we normally overlook

1. Shri
Few More Aspects of Forensics
Boonlia Prince Komal
Gmail : boonlia@gmail.com
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2. Recycle Bin Analysis
Location of Recycle Bin file/ Files
Operating System File Location
System
Windows 95/98/ME FAT32 C:RecycledINFO2
Windows NT/2K/XP NTFS C:Recycler<USER SID>INFO2
Windows Vista/ 7 NTFS C:$Recycle.Bin<USER SID>

3. Changes With Vista
Windows
XP/2K/NT/ME/
98/95
Windows
Vista/7

4. INFO2 File structure

5. INFO2 File structure Cont.

6. $Rxxxxxxx.abc $Ixxxxxxx.abc
Deletion Time
File Name
File Size
Windows
Vista / 7

7. The $I File Structure

8. Windows Prefetching

9. Basics of Prefetching
Implemented with Windows XP
Windows Memory manager component
Super fetch and ready boost with Windows vista
Boot V/S Application Prefetching
Demo for functioning of Prefetching

10. Prefetch file in Windows XP

11. Prefetch File in Vista and Windows 7

12. Thumbnails
96 X 96 pixel thumbnails
Windows XP
Option to choose
thumbnail size
anywhere on the slider
Windows Vista and 7

13. Storage in Windows XP (Thumbs.db)
Can not Identify the user who used it
Deleted with the deletion of the folder
Only 96 X 96 Pixel Thumbnails
Tool: Thumbs_Viewer.exe
Demo: Manually recreating thumbnail with hex editor

14. Thumbnails in Vista and Windows 7
Central location for all thumbnails
C:Users<USER>AppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsExplorer
Cache files based on maximum pixel thumbnail
32 X 32 (Max) Pixel Thumbnail in thumbcache_32.db
Index File to link Unique ID in Cache file to Windows Index
C:ProgramDataMicrosoftSearchDataApplicationsWindowsWindows.edb
Generation of Thumbs.db in case of Access from network

15. Thumbnails in Vista and Windows 7
Entry In Thumbnail Cache file

16. Entries in Thumbcache_IDX, Thumbcache_32,
Thumbcache_96, Thumbcache_256 files
Thumbcache_IDX
Thumbcache_32
Thumbcache_96
Thumbcache_256

17. Rebuilding the Cache
Find filename Look up the data location
and path of the in ThumbCache_32 file
and match the
image file TuhumbnailCacheID
Look up the data location
Find in ThumbCache_96 file Take Data block,
ThumbnailCac and match the Identify file type
TuhumbnailCacheID
heID for and reconstruct
Windows.edb Look up the data location
Thumbnail
in ThumbCache_256 file
and match the
TuhumbnailCacheID
Find
Corresponding
Data location in Look up the data location
cache files in in ThumbCache_1024 file
Thumbcache_IDX and match the
TuhumbnailCacheID Reconstruct
Thumbnail

18. Windows Volume Shadow copy
Ever wonder how System Restore works?
Volume shadow Copy services monitor system and changes
Copies changed sectors in 16KB blocks and keep it in a file
Copies on: Automatic schedule time, System restore point
creation, installation of new package.
Can carry data that has been deleted, wiped or encrypted
later

19. Exploring Shadow Copies
Explore
with
VSSadmin
Mount with
DOSDEV.exe
Lets share shadow copy
net share shadow=.HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy5

20. Time Line analysis
(Thanks to Rob lee for his awesome research)
Basic Time line: (File system time line)
File Time Time Modified Accessed Created Metadata
System Stored as stored as Modified
FAT Local Since Jan 1, Modified Accessed in Created in
1980 in multiple multiple of multiple of
of 2 Day (Time 10 ms
seconds ususally
midnight)
NTFS UTC 100 Neno Modified Accessed $MFT Date
seconds (FILETIME) (FILE TIME) Modified Created
since Jan 1, (Matadata (File Birth)
1601 changed)
(FILETIME)
Disable Last Access time:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlFileSystemNtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate to 1.

21. Why Timeline analysis
Extremely difficult for a malware to handle all times
Almost impossible for attacker not to hide the time line evidences
Spread across system and multiple of time lines
Helps in presenting the entire picture of all the happenings on the system

22. How Various times behave

23. Screen Taken from Rob Lee Presentation

24. Lets Use $FILENAME to avoid win32 API

25. File Timeline MRU
File Download Browser History
analysis (Open/Save/Run)
Mail analysis Malware analysis Log Analysis
Conducting an examination
Program Prefetch Open/RunMRU Run MRU User Assist
Execution
Thumbnail Recycle Bin
File Existance Search MRU
analysis analysis
Browser artifacts Shadow Copy
First and last Volume name
USB Keys USB Serials
time used
User who used it Path in MRU
and Drive letter
File Creation Thumbnails for
Time line
Shadow copy Recent file MRUs Lnk file analysis image and other
and change analysis
files
Was A Security
Regedit
Registry key Registry slack
execution
Regedit Prefetch Shadow file descriptor on
the keys
deleted?
Unallocated Recycle Bin Volume Shadow Recent file list
File deletion space analysis copy and lnk
Various MRUs Strings
Time stamp Time line Execution of Check for neno Volume Shadow
tempering analysis program second value copy
System Backdoor
Network Super time line Connection
presence and
compromise? forensics analysis analysis
analysis
Encryption Temp locations
Page file analysis Various
Memory analysis Rainbow tables LM Hash attack for decrypted
attacks for key presence password attacks
files

26. Questions?
Gmail : boonlia@gmail.com
Facebook:
http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/profile.ph
p?id=1701055902 or search for my mail id
boonliasecurity@gmail.com
Twitter: http://twitter.com/boonlia