Participatory governance guideline

คูมือหรือแนวทางการบริหารราชการแบบมีสวนรวม
ของหนวยงานภาครัฐในระดับกระทรวงที่เปนระดับนโยบาย
ผูเขียน : สถาบันวิจัยและใหคําปรึกษาแหงมหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร
(TU-RAC) ประกอบดวย
1. รองศาสตราจารย ดร.พัชรี สิโรรส
2. ดร.อรัญ โสตถิพันธุ
3. ผูชวยศาสตราจารย ดร.อรทัย กกผล
4. รองศาสตราจารย ดร.โสภารัตน จารุสมบัติ
5. นายเจษฎา ณ ระนอง
6. นายนที สารพัดวิทยา
เลขที่มาตรฐานประจําหนังสือ : ISBN 978-974-342-337-6
พิมพครั้งที่ 1 : มิถุนายน 2551
โรงพิมพ : ปนเกลาการพิมพ 457/57 ถนนอรุณอัมรินทร เขตบางกอกนอย
กรุงเทพมหานคร 10700 โทรศัพท 0-2433-9057
จํานวนหนา : 217 หนา
จัดทําโดย : กลุมพัฒนาระบบสนับสนุนการมีสวนรวมในการพัฒนาระบบราชการ
สํานักงานคณะกรรมการพัฒนาระบบราชการ (ก.พ.ร.)
ถนนพิษณุโลก เขตดุสิต กรุงเทพฯ 10300
โทรศัพท 0-2356-9999 โทรสาร 0-2356-9910
สงวนลิขสิทธิ์ : เอกสารฉบับนี้เปนลิขสิทธิ์ของสํานักงาน ก.พ.ร. การพิมพซ้ําหรือ
การนําขอมูลทั้งหมดสวนใด สวนหนึ่งของเอกสารนี้ไปเผยแพร
ไมวาจะโดยวิธีการใดก็ตาม จะตองไดรับการยินยอมเปน
ลายลักษณอักษรจากสํานักงาน ก.พ.ร.

คูมือหรือแนวทางการบริหารราชการแบบมีสวนรวมของหนวยงานภาครัฐในระดับกระทรวงที่เปนระดับนโยบาย
1

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F ˈ
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(TU-RAC) F
1. F .
2. . F
3. F F F . F
4. F . F
5.
6.
: ISBN 978-974-342-337-6
F 1 : 2551
F : ʽˉ F F 457/57 F F
10700 F 0-2433-9057
F : 217 F
: F F F
( . . .)
10300
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F F F ˆ
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F F ˈ F
F ( . . 2551-
2555) F 2
F F F F
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F F F F ˈ
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1
1
F F
F 9
2
F
F F 19
3 F F
(Participatory Governance in Public Issue Formulation) 55
4 F F
F
(Participatory Governance in Strategy Formulation) 63
5 F F
F
(Participatory Governance in Law and Rule Making) 71

F F F F ˈ
F
6 F F
(Participatory Governance in Resource Allocating Decision) 87
7 F F
(Participatory Governance in Designing and Providing
Public Services) 97
1 3 F F 111
2 F 129
3 F F 139

F F F F ˈ
F
1 F F 26
2 F
F F 3 38
3 F F F
F F F 51
4 F
61

F F F F ˈ
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1 F F 5 35
2
F F F
42
3 F F F F F F
F F F F F 49

F F F F ˈ
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F F F ˈ
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F F (Organizational
Entity) F F ˈ F F
F ʽ F F F
F F F F (Stakeholders) F F F
F F F
ˆ F F F F F
F F F
F F F ˈ
F F
( . . 2551-2555)
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F F
F ˂ F ˈ F F
F F F
F F F F
F F F F F F

F F F F ˈ
2
F F F F F
F F (PG-Participatory Governance)
F F ˈ
(management innovation) ˈ F F F
F F F F
F F F ˈ F
F F F
F F F F
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F
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F F (driving forces)
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F 7 F F 4
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F F F ˈ F
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F F F F F F F
(OFI-Opportunity For Improvement)
3 - F F F F F F
F (PMQA-Public Sector
Management Quality Award) F
F F ˈ F
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F ˈ F (sense of belonging) F ˈ F F
F (sense of partnership) F
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F F ˂ F F F F
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(citizen) F ˈ F F
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F F F F ˈ
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(1) F F F (meaningful
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(2) F (public resources) F
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(3) F F F F F F F
(constructive engagement) F F F F ˆ
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(4) F F (partnership)
ˈ F (facilitator)
F F F
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(5) F F F (better public service delivery)
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(individual level) F F F ʿ
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2. F F
F F ˈ F F F
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F F 5 F F
1 F F
(Participatory Governance in Public Issue Formulation)
2 F F
F (Participatory Governance in Strategy
Formulation)
3 F F
F (Participatory Governance in Law and Rule
Making)

F F F F ˈ
22
4 F F
(Participatory Governance in Resource Allocating Decision)
5 F F
(Participatory Governance in
Designing and Providing Public Services)
F F F 5
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F F
( 1) ˆ F
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F (Strategic plan) 4 ʾ ( 2)
F F ˈ F
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F F
(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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5. F
F F
F F
6. F
F
F F
F
7. ˆ
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8.
(OFI-Opportunity for Improvement)
ʾ F
3 F F
F F F F

F F F F ˈ
28
F
F F
(1)
F F
(2)
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(3)
9.
F F
ˈ F F F F
F F F
F F F ʾ
10.
F F F
F
F 24
100 X F
30
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1 F F
F F
F F 0-35% F F F
F F 36-70% F F
F F 71-100% F F

F F F F ˈ
29
F
F F F
F 3 F F (
1) F F
F F F F
F F
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F F
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F
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(3) F F
3 - F F
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(consultation)
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F F
F F ˈ F
F ˈ F
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(2) F F
F F
F F F
F F F F ˈ F

F F F F ˈ
31
F (Participatory Governance Public Policy
Embedment)
F ˈ 2
(1) F
F F
F
F F F F F
F F
F F F F
F F F ˈ
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F F
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F
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(2) F
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F F F F F F F
F F F ˈ 5
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F F F
(Public Participation Spectrum)2
F ˈ 5 1
2
F F (Public Participation Spectrum)
International Association for Public Participation

F F F F ˈ
35
1 F F 5
1 F F F F F
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F (inform) (empower) F ʽ
F F F F F F F F
F F ʽ
Stakeholders
F FF
F F
Stakeholders
F F F
F
F F

F F F F ˈ
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ˈ F F F F F ˈ F
F F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F F ʽ
F F F (time consuming) ˈ F
F F F F F F
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F ˈ F
(1) F F F F F (inform) ˂
F F F F F F F
ˆ F F F
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F F F ˈ F
(2) F F (consult) ˂ F
F F ˆ
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F F F F F F F F F F
ˆ F
(3) F F F (involve) ˂
F F F F
F F

F F F F ˈ
37
F F F F F F F
F F F F F
F
(4) F F F F (collaborate) ˂
F ˈ F F F
ˆ F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F F
ˈ F F F F
(5) F F (empower) ˂
F F ˈ F F F
F F F F
F F F F F
F F F F F ˈ 3
F 2

F F F F ˈ
38
F F
1
(Type 1)
ˆ
(Technical
Problems)
2
(Type 2)
ˆ F
(Value
Problems)
3
(Type 3)
ˆ
F
(Wicked or
Intractable
Problems)
ˈ F F
F
ˆ
(Agreement on the definition
of the problem)
ˈ F ˈ F ˈ F F
F F ˆ
ˈ F
(Agreement on possible
solutions)
F F
F
F
F
F
2 F F F 3 3
3
F F ˆ 3 (three types of problems)
Peter S. Adler: Leadership, Mediation, and the Naming, Framing, and Taming of Type-II and
Type-III Problem, The Creative Problem Solver s Handbook for Negotiators and Mediator, Vol 1,
edited by John W. Cooley, American Bar Association, 2004. F 183-193.

F F F F ˈ
39
F F 1 (Type 1)
ˈ ˆ F F F
F ˆ F F ˆ ˁ F ˈ F
F F ˆ F
F F F F F F ˆ
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F F ˆ
F F ˈ ˆ F F F F F
F
F F 2 (Type 2)
ˈ ˆ F F
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F
F F 3 (Type 3)
F F 3 F
ˈ ˆ F F F F F F
F F F
F F F
F F F ˁ
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ˆ F F F F
3 ˈ F F (hot public issue) F F

F F F F ˈ
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ˆ F F F ˁ F
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F F F
ˁ F F F
ˁ F F 3
F F F F F F
F F F F F
(deliberative dialogue)
F F F F
F F 3 F F F
F ˈ
F F F F F
F F ˈ F F 2

F F F F ˈ
42
2 F F
F
F F F F
5 F F F F
F F F F F
ˈ F F F
F F ˈ F F
F F F
F F ˂
F F E85 ˈ F F
  
(consult)
  
(empower)
  
   (inform)
  
 (collaborate)

 

(involve)
 



 
(type III)
 
(type II)

(type I)

F F F F ˈ
43
F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F
F F E85 F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F ˂ F
ˈ F F F F
F ˆ F
F F F F F F
F F E85
F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F E85
F F F F ˈ F
2 ˈ (guideline) F F
F F 3 F
F F F F F F
ˈ F F F F
F F F 3
F F F F F F

F F F F ˈ
44
F F F ˆ
ˈ F F F F F F F F F
F F F F
F F F F F F F
F ˈ ˆ F
F F F F F F F F F
F (stakeholder analysis)
(4) F F F F F F (stakeholder analysis)
F F F F F ˈ F
F F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F
F
F F F
F F F F F
F F
F F F F F F F
F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F
ˈ F

F F F F ˈ
45
F F F F F ˈ
F F
F F F F F F ˈ 3 F
(1) F F F F (primary stakeholders)
F F F F F
F F ˈ F
F F ˈ F F F F
F F F F F F F
(2) F F F F (secondary stakeholders)
F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F ˈ F F F
ˈ F F F F ˈ F
F ˈ F F F
F F ˈ F F ˈ F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F ˈ
F ˈ F F NGOs
ˈ F ˈ F
F ˈ F F F F F F
ˈ ˈ F
ˈ F

F F F F ˈ
46
(3) F F F F (key stakeholders)
F F F F (Importance)
(Influence) F F
F F F ˆ F
F F F F F F F F
F F F 7 F
(1) F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F ˈ F
F F
(2) F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F
(3) F ˈ F
(sequence) F F
F F F
(4) F F F
F F F F F F F F F
ˈ F F
F F F F
F F F F F F F

F F F F ˈ
47
(5) F F
F ˈ F F F F
F F F F
(6) ʽ F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F ˈ
(7) F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F ˈ
F F F F F ˆ F ˈ F
F F
F ˈ F
F F
F F F F F F F 4
(1) F F F F
(2) F ˈ F ˈ
F F F F F F F
(3) F F F F
F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F F ˈ F F ˈ F F
F F F F F ˈ F

F F F F ˈ
48
F F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F F
F F F F ˈ F F
F F ˈ F F F F
ˈ F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F F F
F ˈ
F F F F F F F F
F F F F F
(4) F F F F F F
F F F
F F 4 F F F F F F
F 3 F F F F F F ˈ F F

F F F F ˈ
49
3 F F F F F F
F F F F F
F
F 3 F F F F F F F F F
F
(1) ˈ F F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F
F F

F F F F ˈ
50
(2) F F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F
(3) F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F F
F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F F F ˂ F F
F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F
F F
(1) F F F
F F 3

F F F F ˈ
51
3 F F F
F F F
F F

F F F F ˈ
52
2 F ˈ F
F F F 3 F
F F F F 4S
Starting early F F F F F
F F F F F 3 (type 3)
F F F F F F
F F ˆ F
F ˆ F F F
F F F F F F F F F
Stakeholders F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F
Suitability F F F F F
F F F F F F
Sincerity F F F
F F F F F
F F F
F F ˂ (feed back) F F F F F F
F F F F F
F

F F F F ˈ
53
(2) F F F (1) F
ADD F
Assess F ˆ F
Design F
Decide F
F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F
F
(3) F F F
F F
F F
F F F
F F ˂ F F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F F F
F ˈ F
3 ADD F (2)
F F 5 F
F F F F 3-7 F

F F F F ˈ
55
3 F F
(Participatory Governance in Public
Issue Formulation)
1.
(Public issue) ˆ
F
F ˈ F ˈ F
F F F F F
F F F F
F
3 F
1 ˈ ˆ F F
F F
2 ˆ F ˈ
F ˈ F
F
3 ˈ F
F F F (scope of issues)
(measures) (impacts) F F
F

F F F F ˈ
56
F ˈ F F
F F F F F
F F F
F ˆ F ˆ F ˆ ˂
F ˈ F
F
F F F F
F F F
F F ˈ F
F F F F ˈ
F F (hot issues) F F ˆ
F F F F F
F F (warm issues) F F
ˈ F F ˈ F
F ˈ F
F
F F F (cold issues) F F F
ˈ F F ˈ ˆ F
F F F F F
F F F ˈ F F F
F ˈ
ˈ F F
F F ˈ F

F F F F ˈ
57
F F F ˆ F
ˈ F F ˈ F F
F ˈ F
F
ˈ F F F F F
F ˈ F F F
ˆ F ˈ F
F F F F
F ˈ F F F F ˈ
ˆ F F ˆ F
F F ˆ ˆ
F ˈ F F F ˈ
F F F F
F F ˈ
F F F F ˆ
F F
F ˈ F
F
F F F F F F F ˈ
F F
ʾ F F
F F
F ʾ . . 2547 ˈ F F F F F

F F F F ˈ
58
F F F F F
F
F F F F
F . . 2551 F
F . . 2551
F F F F
F ˈ F F F F
F ˈ F
F F
F F F F F F
F F
F F F ˆ
ˈ F F
2. F F F
F
ˆ F (input)
F
F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F F
F F F

F F F F ˈ
59
F F F
F
F
(1) F F F F F F F
F
F F F F F F F ˈ 2 F F 1
F F F F F F F
F F
F F 2 F F F F
(2) F F F
F F 3 F
3 F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F 3
1 F F F F F F F F
F F F F
F F F ˆ F F F
F F
F F F ˈ F
2 F F F F F F F
F ˂

F F F F ˈ
60
3 F F F F F F F
F F ˈ F
ˈ F F ˈ ˈ F
(3) F F
F F F ˂ F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F
(4) ˈ F F
ʽ F F F F F F F F
ˈ (deliberative
dialogues) F F F F F F F F
F F F ˁ F
F ˁ F
3. ˆ F
F F F F F
F F F F
F F F ˆ
F F F F
F

F F F F ˈ
61
(1)
F F F F
F
F F F 4
(Debate)
(Dialogue)
1. F F
( )
2. F : F F
3.
4. ˆ F F F F
5. ˂
6. ˁ
7. ˂
8. F F F
ˁ
9.
1. F F
2. F F : F
F
3. F
4. ˆ F
5.
6. ˁ
7.
8. F
ˁ
9. F ˈ F F
4 F

F F F F ˈ
62
F F F F
F F F F F
F F F
(2) F F (inclusiveness) F
F F ˁ F F
F F F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F F F F
(3) F F F F F F F F F
F F F
F F
F F
F F ˈ
F
F F
F F F F ˈ
F F F F
F F F F F
F F F F ˈ F F F
F

F F F F ˈ
63
4 F F
F
(Participatory Governance in Strategy
Formulation)
1. F
F ˆ
F ˂ F F ˈ
F ˆ F F
F (BSC-Balanced Scorecard)1
F F
F F F F
F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F ˈ F F
F F 4
F F ʾ
F F F (value creation) F
F
(satisfaction) F F (trust) F F F F
F F
1
ʽ . (2546), Key Performance
Indicators: KPIs. (The Balanced Scorecard).

F F F F ˈ
64
F F F
F
F F F F F F F F
F
F F F F (strategic
readiness) F F (human competency
and capital) F F F (information
capital) F F ˈ F
(organizational capital) F F
F ˈ ˆ
ˈ F
F F F F
ʽ F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F
3
1 F F F F
F ˆ F F
F F F ˆ F F F ˈ
ʽ F F F F F
F F

F F F F ˈ
65
2 F F F
F F
F F F F
F F
F F F F
F ˈ F
F ˆ F F ˆ
F
3 F F
F F
F F F F
F F
F F F F F F
F F F F
F F F F F F F
2. F
F F
F
F F F F F
F F

F F F F ˈ
66
(1) F F F F
F F (fundamental
mission) F F (key output) F
F F F F
(2) F F F F
ˈ F F ˆ
F F F F F F F F F
F
(3) F F F F F F F F
F F ˈ F
F F F F
(4) ˈ F F
F F F F F
ˈ F ˈ
(key result area) F
F F ˈ
F
F
(5) ˂ F (goal)
F
F F F F
( F F F F F F F ) ˂ F

F F F F ˈ
67
ˈ F F
(6) F F F
˂ F F F F
F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F F ˂ F
(7) F F F
F F F F F F F F F
F
F F F F F
F
ˈ F
F F ˂ F F F
F F F F
F F F (functional structure) F
F F F F F F F
F F F F F
(8) F F F F
F
F F ˆ F F F F

F F F F ˈ
68
ˆ ˈ F F ˈ F
F F F F F F
3. ˆ F
F F F
F F F F F
ˆ F F F F F
F
(1) F F F F F
F F F F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F F ˈ ʽ F F
F
F F F F
F F F
(2) F F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F F F
F F F
F F
F F ˆ F

F F F F ˈ
69
(3) F F F
F F F F F
F F F
F F ˈ
F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F F
F

F F F F ˈ
71
5 F F
F
(Participatory Governance in Law and
Rule Making)
F F F
F F F
F ʽ F F F
F ˁ F
ˈ F ˈ ˁ ˈ
F ˈ F F F
ˈ F ˁ 1
F F
F F
F
ˁ F ˈ F
F ˈ F
F F ˈ
ˁ F F
1
. . 2550 F F F
F 1) 2) F
3) F 4) F F
F F 10,000

F F F F ˈ
72
F
F F F ˈ ˈ
F F ʽ F F F F F
1. F F
F
F F F
ʽ F F F F F F F
F F F F F
ˈ F F F F
F F F F
F F F F
F F F F F
F F F F F F F F F
F F F
F F F
F F F F F F F F F
F F F F
ˁ
ˁ
ˁ F
F F
F ˁ ( )

F F F F ˈ
73
F F F
F F
F F F ʽ F
F F F F F F F F
F F F
F
ˁ F
F ˈ
F F
F F F F
F F
F F ʽ F F F
F F F F F
F F F
F F F F
F
F F
F F
F F F F F F F F
F F
F F F
F F
F F ʽ F F F F F F

F F F F ˈ
74
F F F F F F F F F
F F F ˈ F F
F
F F F F
F F ˈ F
F ˈ F
F F F F
F F F . .
2550 ˈ F
ˈ F F
F F F ˈ
F ˈ F F
F ˆ F F F ˈ
F F ˈ F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F ˆ
F F

F F F F ˈ
75
1 F
F F F
F F F F ˁ
F ˆ
F F ˈ
F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F
2 F F
ˁ
F F F F F
F F
F F F F F
ˈ F F F F F
F F F F F F
3
F F
F F F ˆ
F F F
F F ˈ F

F F F F ˈ
76
F F 2
4 F F F F
F F ˆ
F F F ˆ F F F ˆ
3
F F
ˆ F4
F F
ˆ
F F ˆ F F F
F F
2
F ˆ F F F
F ˁ
ˆ F F F F
F F , 2551 F 2-8.
3
F F F F F 8 F F F
F . . 2546 F F
F F F F ˆ F
F F F F F F ; F
ˈ
23 2547 ʽ F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F
4
ˆ F F F F
F F ˆ . . 2548.

F F F F ˈ
77
F ˆ F F F F F F F
ʽ F F F F
F F F F F
1 F F F F ˈ
F F F F F ˆ
F F F
F F ˆ
2 F F F
F F F F ˈ ˂ F
F F ˂ F F ˈ
F F F ˁ
ˁ
3 F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F
F F F F
ʽ F F F
ˈ ˈ
4 ʽ F F F
F ˈ F ˈ F (sense of ownership)
F F F ˈ
F F

F F F F ˈ
78
2. F F F
F F
F F F F
F F
1 F ˈ
F ʾ F F F F F F
F F F F
ˈ F
F ˈ F F F
F F F F F
F F
(1) F F F
F F
(2) F ˈ F F F
F F F
(3) F F
F ˆ F F F ˁ F F
F F
F F F F 3 F F F F
F F F F

F F F F ˈ
79
2 ʽ F F F F
F F F F
F
(1) F F F : F F 2
1 F F
F F
2 F ˈ F F F
F
(2) ʽ F F F
F F F F F F F F F F F
F 2 F F
1 ˆ F
ˈ F F F
F F F F F F
ˆ F F
2 F F F
F F F
ˆ F F ˈ F
ʽ F F F F F
F ˈ ʽ F F
ˈ ʽ F ˈ F
F F F F

F F F F ˈ
80
(3) F F F F F F F : F F
F F ʽ F
F F F F F F F
F F F F ˈ F
F F F F F F
F F F F F
F F F F F
F F F
3 F F F F
F ˆ F
ˈ F F F F
F F
F ˈ F ˆ F F F F
F
F F F ˈ F F
F ʽ F F F F
F ( F ) F
ˈ F5
5
F F F F ˈ
F F F F
F ˆ F F F F F F
, F F ,

F F F F ˈ
81
3. F F F F
F
F F F F F F F
F F F
F
1
(1) F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F ˈ F
F F F F
F F F F F
F ˈ F F F
F ˈ F
(2) F F F
F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F
F
F F
F F F ˈ

F F F F ˈ
82
F F
F
F F
F F F F
ʽ F
F F F F
ˈ F F F F
ˈ F F F
2 F
F F F F
F
(1) F F F F F
F F ˈ F ˈ F (scoping)
(framing) F F
ˈ F
(2) F F F
F F F F
F F
(3) F ˈ F F F
F F
F F F ˈ F F F F F
F F

F F F F ˈ
83
3 F
F F F F F
F F ˆ
F F F F F
(1) F F F F F F
(2) F F F F
(3) F F F
ˈ F F
(4) F F
F F F F F F F
(5) ˆ F F
F
4 F
F F F F F
F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F F ˆ
F F
F F F

F F F F ˈ
84
5 F F
(1) F F F F F
F F F F F
F ˆ ˈ F
(2) F F F F F
F F F F F
F F
(3) F F F F
F F F F
F F F F
F F F F F
ˈ F
4. ˆ F
F F F
F F F F
F F ˆ F
ˆ 1 F F F F
F F F F F
F F F F F ˈ F
F F F

F F F F ˈ
85
(1) F ˈ F ʽ F
F F F F
F
(2) F F F F
ʽ F F F F
(3) F ʿ F ˁ
F F F F
ˆ 2 F F F
F F F F F
F ˆ
F F F F F
F F F F F
F F F
F ʽ F F
F F F F F F
ˆ 3 F F
F F F F
F F F F
F F F F
˂ F F F F F F
F F F
F F F ˈ F F F F

F F F F ˈ
86
F F F
F
ˆ 4 F F F F
ˈ ˈ F F
F F F F
F ˈ F ˈ F F F ˈ F
F F F F F
F F F F ˈ F
F F F F F F F F
ˈ F F F
F F F
F F F F F
(1) F F ˁ F
F F F F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F
F F F
(2) F F F
F F F F F
F F F F
F F F
F F F F F

F F F F ˈ
87
6 F F
(Participatory Governance in Resource
Allocating Decision)
F F F
F F
F
F F
F F
F
F F F
F ʽ F F F
F F F F
F F
F ˈ
ˆ F F ( F
ˈ F ) F F F
F F F F
ˈ F ˈ F
ˈ F F
F F F F F F

F F F F ˈ
88
ˈ F F F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F
ˈ F
F F
ˈ
ˈ ʽ F F F F
ˆ F F F
1. F F
F F
ʽ
F F F F
F F F F
F F F ˈ F
F F F F
F F F F
F F F F F

F F F F ˈ
89
F F
F F ˂ F ˂
F ˈ
F
ʽ F F F F
F F
F
F F 4 ʾ
F ʾ F ˆ
F 4 ʾ F
(1) F F F F 4 ʾ
ʾ
F F F F
F
(2) F (1) F
F F F F
F F
F ʾ . .
2550 F F F F
F F
F F F ˆ
F F F

F F F F ˈ
90
F ˂ F F F F F
F F F F
(3) F ˂ F
F ˂ F F F
F F F F F
F F F ˆ F F ˈ F F F
F ˈ F F ˈ
F F F F ˈ
F F F F F
(4) F ʾ
F F F
ʾ . . 2550 F
F F F
F F ˂ F
F F F F F F
ˆ 4 F F F F
ʽ F F F F
F
F F F F F
ˆ F F F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F F

F F F F ˈ
91
F F ˆ F F F F
F F
2. F F F
F F F
F
F F
F F
F ˂ F F ˈ F ʽ F
F F F F
F F F ˈ F
F
F F F F F F F F F F
F F ˈ F F F F F F F
F F ˈ F
F ˈ F F ˂ ˈ F
F F F F F F ˈ F
F
F F F F F
F

F F F F ˈ
92
F F ˈ F F ˈ
F F F
F F F F F F
F F F
F ˈ F F F F F
F ˂ F F ˈ
F F ʽ F F ˂ F
˂ F
F F F
F F F F
F F F F ˈ F
F F F F F
F ʽ F F ˂ ˆ
F F
F F F
F
F F
F ˂ F F
F F F F F
F
F

F F F F ˈ
93
F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F
ˈ F F F F
3. ˆ F
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160
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F F F F ˈ
161
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F F F F ˈ
164
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166
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F F F F ˈ
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F F F F ˈ
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F F F F ˈ
182
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183
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184
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F F F F ˈ
185
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F F F F ˈ
186
(3) F ˂ F F ˈ F
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F F F F ˈ
187
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188
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F F F F ˈ
189
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191
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F F F F ˈ
192
(1) F F F F
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193
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194
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F F F F ˈ
196
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F F F F ˈ
200
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F F F F ˈ
201
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F F F F ˈ
202
(4) F F F F F
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F F F F ˈ
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F F F F ˈ
210
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Participatory governance guideline

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Participatory governance guideline