3. Router
• A routeris a device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
Thiscreates an overlay internetwork as a router is connected to two or more
data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in one of the lines,
therouter reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate
destination.Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy it directs
thepacket to the next network on its journey. Routers perform the "traffic
directing" functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from
one router to another throughthe networks that constitute the internetwork until
it reaches its destination node.
5. HUB
An Ethernethub,activehub,networkhub,repeaterhub, multiport
repeateror hub is a device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices
together and making them act as a single network segment. It has
multipleinput/output (I/O) ports, in which a signal introduced at the
input of any port appears at the output of every port except the
original incoming. A hub works at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI
model
7. Bridge
Computerbridge is the playing of the game contract bridge utilizing
computer software. Following years of limited progress, at the end of
the twentieth century the field of computer bridge has made major
advances. In 1996 the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL)
established an official World Computer-Bridge Championship, to be held
annually along with a major bridge event. The first championship took
place in 1997 at the North American Bridge Championships in
Albuquerque. Since 1999 the event has been conducted as a joint
activity of the American Contract Bridge League and the World Bridge
Federation
