Gender guidelines for Community Radio in Bangladesh

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d¨v· : +88 02 9138501-105
B‡gBj : ceo@bnnrc.net
I‡qe : www.bnnrc.net
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Editor
Mark Manash Saha
Tamanna Rahman
1st Published
March 2012
2nd Edition
January 2013
Design and Print
redline
Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and
Communication (BNNRC)
House : 13/1, Road : 02, Shamoly, Dhaka 1207
Phone: +88 02 9130750, 9138501, 9101479
Fax: +88 02 9138501-105
E-mail: ceo@bnnrc.net
Web: www.bnnrc.net
Supported by Plan Bangladesh
Gender Equality and Socialization
Guidelines for
Community Radio Stations 2013
(National & International Context)
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Preface 04
Prologue 06
Gender guidelines for operating community
radio station
(International Context)
Introduction 08
Access of women in radio waves 10
Representation of women in radio waves 11
Special representation of minority women 11
Women representation at all stages of station management 12
Uses of appropriate technology 13
Financing and skill development for women in radio 14
Gender equality and socialization in community radio
(Bangladesh Context)
Background 15
1 Purpose of this guideline 15
2 Need and basis of this guideline 15
2.1 Need of this guideline 15
2.2 Basis of this guideline 16
3 User of this guideline 17
4 Implementation process 17
5 Fields of implementation of this gender guideline 17
5. 1 Fields of practice and exercise of this gender guideline 17
5. 1. 1 Gender guideline for good governance 18
5. 1. 2 Organization and management 18
5. 1. 3 Capicity development 18
5. 1. 4 Creating gender-friendly atmosphere 18
5. 1. 5 Radio activities/programs 19
5. 1. 6 Dialogues with the beneficiary populace 19
5. 1. 7 Encouraging the gender guideline and related matters 19
5. 1. 8 Partnership with the radio stations and
local stakeholders on this guideline 19
5. 1. 9 Appointing a Chief Coordinator on gender guideline 20
5. 1. 10 Gender-based budget and survey systems 20
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CONTENTS

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Community Radio is playing a vital role
in South Asian countries along with the
world and Bangladesh is not far behind
in this movement of right to
information. The Community Radio
installation, broadcast and management
policy 2012 has been formulated by the
information ministry of Bangladesh,
and we thank the government for it.
Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio
and Communication, since its inception
- has been in dialogues with the
government along with other
organizations, on establishing
community radios in Bangladesh. After
12 years of earnest efforts, 14
community radio stations are now
carrying out their broadcasts in the
country and are strengthening the voice
of the terminal population through
ensuring their right to information.
For the poor people of Bangladesh, the
state is a distant entity that is hard to
reach and even harder to exchange
opinions. Similarly, the people within
the low-income community do not
listen to each other’s stories. Prosperity,
expansion and strengthening of
community radio can increase
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availability of information, and thus
play a crucial role in poverty alleviation.
The third target of the millennium
development goal (MDG) is gender
equality and women’s empowerment.
Taking ownership and participation
in information technology as
examples, it is clear that gender
discrimination in use of technology is
massive. The scenario is even worse
in the broadcast sector. Since
community radios are now
operational and if the issue is taken
seriously from the beginning, then
gender equality can be ensured in the
administrative, management,
program and �inancial planning
departments in running a radio.
The target of publishing the guideline
formulated by The World Association of
Community Radio Broadcasters
(AMARC)-Women International
Network Asia is to create mass
awareness among entrepreneurs in
private and public sectors in
eliminating gender discrimination in
radio program broadcasting.
I hope that community radio initiators
will follow this gender guideline while
makeing a gender guideline for their
own stations, and will follow them, to
bring gender equality in broadcasting
programs on community radio. Let
community radio be the tool for
development for the deprived populace.
Finally, I would like to extend my
heartfelt thanks to Plan Bangladesh for
helping publish the “Gender Equality
and Socialization Guideline in operating
community radio stations – 2013”.
AHM Bazlur Rahman
Chief Executive Of�icer
Bangladesh NGO’s Network
for Radio and Communication
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We are happy to know that Bangladesh
NGOs Network for Radio and
Communication (BNNRC) is publishing
a English & Bangla version of the
Publication of Gender Equality
Guideline in Operating Community
Radio Stations, formulated on March
8th, 2008 by World Association of
Community Broadcasters
(AMARC)-Women International
Network (WIN).
The people’s republic of Bangladesh has
formulated the community radio
establishment, broadcast and
operations regulations-2008, and so far,
14 community radios have begun
broadcasting, after getting approval
from government. Therefore, this
publication on gender policies will play
an important role in male-female
equality and women’s empowerment at
the community radio stations in
Bangladesh.
In this proposed Gender Equality
Guideline, based on surveys by
AMARC-WIN Asia Paci�ic and ISIS
International, the importance and need
for women’s participation in community
radio have been brought up. The survey
shows that 45 of the staff and
volunteers at the stations are women,
but only 28 per cent are in leadership
positions and 30 per cent are doing
technical work. The concerns they
expressed include lack of technical
skills, insecurity and violence, and
limited scope to express views and
make decisions. They also complained
about male-dominated radio structure
that impedes their participation and
intimidates them.
Participants of the survey urged for more
entrance of women in leadership,
management and �inancial management
and also suggested for improving
women’s participation in determining
contents of radio programs, and
producing of the programs. The
recommendations made in the
regulations include training for women,
formulation of anti-sexual harassment
regulations, reserving of a 30% quota for
women leadership and special radio
program for women. Suggestions have
also been made for space for child-care,
�lexible working hours, broadcast
schedules suited for women, ample light
and security measures at radio stations
and transportation for those women
works that live far away from the stations.
I urge all radio stations of Bangladesh
to accept this gender guideline to
ensure equality of men and women at
all stages of community radio
broadcast at the grass-root levels of the
country. Here’s to hoping for a
powerful awakening of women’s voices
through community radio.
Bianca Miglioretto
Representative
World Association of Community
Radio Broadcasters (AMARC)-Women
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PROLOGUE
06
07

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Introduction
All over the world, in international
organizations, national constitutions
and in society, equal opportunities for
women and their roles in every aspect
of human life have been recognized.
In the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, rights of all human beings
irrespective of gender, sex, religion and
race have been recognized. Moreover,
governments have recognized women’s
rights through the Convention on
Elimination of Discrimination Against
Women (CEDAW). Under the
convention, states are obligated to take
de�inite action to implement 3 policies:
a) equality policy b) non-discriminative
policy and c) state liability policy.
The role of mass media in ensuring equal
rights for women is crucial. It has been
acknowledged in the Section J of the
Beijing Women’s Platform undertaken on
basis of unanimity. Although active
involvement of women in mass media
was drawn attention to in this section, the
absence of women in the decision making
process in all kinds of mass media prevail.
It also emphasized on need for
reformation, and on the government’s
duties to increase women’s participation
in decision-making by training, research
and women’s development. It also vested
two responsibilities on mass media
workers in assisting to ful�ill two tactical
targets – one being women’s participation
in expression of opinion and
decision-making through new
technologies in the mass media, and the
other was to uphold a balanced and
non-stereotyped image of women in mass
media. Community radios should be the
frontrunners in achieving these targets.
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bxwZ-wba©viK‡ì `„wó‡MvPi Ki‡Z n‡e|
`~f©vMëkZ, wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwµqv bvixi
AbjvBb Pvwn`v‡K fxlYfv‡e D‡c¶v
K‡i‡Q, hvi d‡j cyiæl Øviv ˆZwi Ges cyiæl
AbyK~j Ggb GK cwi‡ek M‡o D‡V‡Q hv
bvix-cyiæ‡li Z_¨ eëavb, bvixi †bwZevPK
Dc¯’vcbv, cÖKvk¨ evwYwR¨KxKiY, we‡kl
K‡i weÁvcbmg~‡n bvix‡K †hŠbv‡e`bgqx
K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kivi cÖeYZv AviI evwo‡q
w`‡q‡Q| bxwZ wba©viYx mfvq GB mywbw`©ó
D‡Ø‡Mi welq¸‡jv AšÍf©y³ Ki‡Z, Z_¨ I
†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ eënv‡i bvix‡ì f~wgKv
e„w×‡Z Ges GB ivR‰bwZK êlg¨ `~ixKi‡Y
KwgDwbwU †iwWI mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
kvwšÍ weavb, Ø›Ø cÖwZ‡iva Ges wbim‡b
bvixi f~wgKv RvwZmsN wbivcËv cwil‡ì
1325 b¤î Kvh©weeiYxi Øviv
AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z| msNvZgq
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z bvixi kvwšÍ cÖwµqv Ges mywbw`©ó
cÖ‡qvR‡b bvixi K_v †kvbv‡bvi my‡hvM K‡i
w`‡Z Ges bvixi `„k¨gvbZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z
KwgDwbwU †iwWIi we‡kl `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q|
êlg¨ `~ixKi‡Y mKj ch©v‡qi Kg©m~wP
cÖYqb I wm×všÍMÖnY cÖwµqvq bvix‡ì
AskMÖnY mnRZi Ki‡Z, bvix‡ì KÉ I
welqmg~n †hb cÖwZw`‡bi msev`m~wPi
AšÍfy©³ nq Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z, mgv‡Ri
mwµq m`m¨ wn‡m‡e bvix‡ì BwZevPK
cÖwZ”Qwe dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z Ges bvixiv †hb
cÖhyw³MZ `¶Zv Ges AvZ¥wek¦vm AR©‡bi
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v
wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i †m e¨vcv‡i bvix‡ì
Internet and online communication
systems have made it possible for
women to network and communicate
from a justi�ied position. However, most
women have very limited access to such
technologies in developing countries.
It’s not enough to bring to the attention
of community radio professionals - the
limited access of technologies of
developed countries by women and
their demands. It needs to be made
visible to policymakers at local
governments to international
organizations. Unfortunately, decision
making processes are ignoring women’s
online demands which are creating a
male-favored atmosphere, which is
increasing information gap, negative
presentation, public commercialization,
and specially the tendency of presenting
women in sexually attractive ways in
advertisements. Community radio can
play an important part in raising these
speci�ic concerns in policymaking
meetings, in increasing women’s roles
in use of information and
communication technology, and in
eliminating the political
discriminations.
Women’s roles in establishing peace
and resolving con�lict are
internationally recognized by the
agenda 1325 of the UN Security
Council. Community radios have the
special responsibility to help women’s
voices be heard and women’s peace
process during times of con�lict.
Community radios should also help in
making women’s participation easier in
all anti-discrimination movements and
decision-making, ensuring that
women’s voices and issues are included
in everyday news, creating a positive
image of women as active members of
the society and assisting women control
their communication networks through
gaining con�idence and technological
skills. Community radio is part of a
progressive social movement so the
Gender Guidelines for Operating Community Radio Stations
(International Context)
08
09

mnvqZv Ki‡Z KwgDwbwU †iwWIÕi GKwU
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ZvB G ai‡bi †÷kbmg~‡ni DwPZ mggbv
Acivci cÖMwZkxj bvix Av‡›`vjbmg~‡ni
mv‡_ eÜb ¯’vcb Kiv Ges Zv my`„p Kiv|
†÷kbmg~‡ni AviI `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q Ggb
GKwU bxwZgvjv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb Kiv hv
bvixi cÖwZ m¤§vb Ges mgZv‡K Gi g~jwfwË
wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i| KwgDwbwU †iwWIÕi
Rb¨ †RÛvi welqK G bxwZgvjv †÷kbmg~‡n
†RÛvi mgZv ev¯Íevq‡b GKwU mnvqK
DcKiY wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e| ZvB GB
DcKiYwU †÷k‡bi MVbZš¿ I bxwZgvjvi
AšÍf©y³ nIqv DwPZ|
Aby‡”Q` 1: †eZviZi‡½ bvix‡ì
cÖ‡ekvwaKvi
†eZvi Zi‡½ bvix‡ì cÖ‡ekvwaKvi _vKv
DwPZ hv‡Z K‡i Zviv ivR‰bwZK,
mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK I
we‡bv`bg~jK wbR¯^ Abyôvb Ges bvix
welqK Abyôvb ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Gi Rb¨ bvix‡ì cÖwk¶Y I Abyôvb
cÖ‡hvRbvq RvqMv K‡i w`‡Z Ges †÷k‡bi
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cviv bvixi AwaKvi| ZvB AvZ¥i¶v I
wbivcËvi R‡b¨ bvix‡ì Dchy³ cÖwk¶Y, bvix
wbh©vZ‡bi †¶‡Î k~Y¨gvÎvq mnbkxjZv
(Zero Tolerance), †÷k‡bi †fZ‡i I
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kvixwiKfv‡e ev Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡eB AvcwËKi
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K‡i ivLv hv‡e bv|
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n‡e| G cÖwµqv‡K mnRZi Ki‡Z wewfbœ
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wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
Aby‡”Q` 3: msL¨vjNy bvix‡ì we‡kl
cÖwZwbwaZ¡
bvix‡ì AwfÁZvi êwPÎ¨‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z
n‡e Ges †hme bvix miKvwi I evwYwR¨K
stations should establish and
strengthen linkage with other
like-minded progressive women’s
movements. The stations should also
formulate and implement policies that
have respect for women and equality at
its bases. This gender guideline will
help in realizing gender equality at
community radios, and thus should be
included in the organizational structure
and policy.
Section 1: Access of women in
radio waves
Women should have access to the
radio waves so that they can make
their own political, social, economic,
cultural and entertainment-based
programs on women.
For this, there should be a positive
mindset to train and make space for
women to produce programs, while
creating a safe and suitable
environment for women to work. There
should also be anti-sexual harassment
regulations and a complain-raising
mechanism to prevent any kind of
sexual harassment. It is women’s right
to be able to work without fear. The
main basis of access of women to radio
waves will be training for self-defense,
zero tolerance against assault on
women, and ensuring assistance to help
women tackle threats from inside and
outside the station.
Sometimes, it gets dif�icult for women
to access radio waves due to their
limitations of traveling alone or late at
night. Initiatives should be taken so that
women can overcome these obstacles,
by providing transport through mobile
radio stations or by providing
security.Special trainings are needed for
women to overcome lack of trust, and
separate workdays for women may also
be declared. Unless gender equality is
not ensured, arrangements should be
made to set up special
department/desk to create favorable
condition for participation of women
and to eliminate all discriminations
inside the station and in broadcasting.
Section 2: Representation of
women in radio waves
Women representation at various
sectors should be encouraged,
instead being limited to one set
pattern. In everything that is
broadcast on the radio, starting from
editorials to commercials, equal
respect and honor must be shown to
all irrespective of gender, race, and
class. Which means they must not be
physically or in any other way
offensive to either men or women. All
the programs should re�lect women’s
empowerment. Moreover, special
programs for women must be
broadcast, and women cannot be
restricted to just women-based
programs.
Women are often neglected in expert
evaluations and opinions in the mass
media. Multiple sources and
representatives from all classes of
society must be included for
participation in news and
analysis-based programs. To make the
process easier, a directory of women
experts in various professions and
�ields may be made – that can be used
as a reference.
Section 3: Special Representation
of minority women
The diversity of women’s experiences
must be addressed, and women who
have been victims of discrimination,
assault and neglect in public and
commercial mass media, must be given
a platform to speak. This means there
should be special arrangements for
disabled, religious and racial minorities
and hermaphrodites.
10
11

MYgva¨g †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi êlg¨,
wbh©vZb Ges Ae‡njvi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Qb
Zv‡ì Rb¨ K_v ejvi RvqMv K‡i w`‡Z
n‡e| A_©vr cÖwZeÜx, msL¨vjNy RvwZmË¡v,
eY© I Avwèvmx bvix Ges wnRov‡ì R‡b¨
we‡kl eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
KwgDwbwU †iwWI m¤cÖPv‡i bvix I cyiæ‡li
mKj A½b I ch©vq †_‡K mgvb
cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| we‡kl
K‡i, msL¨vjNy RvwZmË¡vi bvix‡ì
AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z m¤cÖPvi mgq w`‡Z n‡e
hv‡Z K‡i Zviv êlg¨nxb, wbivc` Ges
¶gZvwqZ cwi‡e‡k ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ Zv‡ì
welq¸‡jv Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi
bvix‡ì R‡b¨ `¶Zv weKvk I cÖwk¶‡Yi
Av‡qvRb Abb¨ D‡`¨vM n‡e Ges Gi Pvwn`v
c~i‡Y mswkøó cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq
A_©vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aby‡”Q` 4: †÷kb eë¯’vcbvi mKj
ch©v‡q bvix cÖwZwbwaZ¡
miKvwi ev miKvi wbqwš¿Z Ges evwYwR¨K
†iwWImg~‡ni †P‡q KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z
wek¦e¨vcx bvix cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †ewk Av‡Q| ZeyI
bvixiv cÖvqB ewÂZ nb we‡kl K‡i wm×všÍMÖnY
cÖwµqv Ges KvwiMwi m¶gZvi †¶‡Î, GgbwK
†ek wKQy †÷kb i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b Av‡`Š †Kvb
Kvh©Ki bvix cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †bB|
KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K †¶‡Î
bvix‡ì A_©c~Y© cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wbwðZ Ki‡Z
†÷k‡bi KvwiMwi eë¯’vcbv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
gvwjKvbv, cÖkvmwbK, eë¯’vcbv, Abyôvb I
Avw_©K cwiKíbv Ges cÖ‡hvRbvi †¶‡Î bvix
AskMÖn‡Yi R‡b¨ wbw`©ó †KvUv ivL‡Z n‡e|
Gme wKQyi P~ovšÍ j¶¨ n‡”Q bvix-cyiæ‡li g‡a¨
mgZv weavb Kiv (G†¶‡Î bvix cÖwZwbwai
R‡b¨ mvgwqKfv‡e Kgc‡¶ 30% c` msi¶Y
wbwðZ Kiv)| G j¶¨ AR©‡b, †÷k‡bi †fZ‡i
bvix‡ì mgZv weav‡b bvix‡ì m¶gZv e„w×,
Zv‡ì †bZ„Z¡ weKvk Ges eë¯’vcbv
cÖwk¶Y-Gi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Kiv Riæwi| ïaygvÎ
†÷k‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ bvix‡ì msL¨v Øviv bvix
AskMÖnY cwigvc Kiv hv‡e bv| †÷k‡bi
gvwjKvbv, wm×všÍMÖnY Ges cÖ‡hvRbv cwil‡`
Aek¨B bvix cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _vK‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jv‡K
Ggbfv‡e MVb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e
h‡_vwPZ AbyK~j cwi‡e‡k bvixiv bxwZMZ
cÖwµqvq A_©c~Y©fv‡e m¤ú„³ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
wbgœiƒc welq¸wj bvix‡ì AskMÖnY‡K mnRZi
K‡i| †hgb wkïi hZœ wbwðZKiY, bgbxq
Kg©wèm I mgq Ges m¤úªPvi m~wP hv bvix‡ì
Ab¨vb¨ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© nq|
mfv I m¤úªPvi PjvKv‡j †÷k‡b h‡_ó Av‡jv
I wbivcËv, bvix‡ì †÷kb †_‡K
Avmv-hvIqvi Rb¨ we‡kl K‡i iv‡Z ev miKvwi
QzwUi w`‡b wbivc` hvbevn‡bi eë¯’v Kiv|
cÖwk¶Y K‡¶i Kgc‡¶ A‡a©K Avmb bvix‡ì
Rb¨ msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aby‡”Q` 5: Dchy³ cÖhyyw³i eënvi
wKQy bvix Z_¨ cÖhyw³mg~n eënv‡i †ek `¶
wKš‘ †ewki fvM †¶‡ÎB bvix‡ì cÖhyw³
eënv‡ii `¶Zv LyeB mxwgZ, AwaKvsk bvixB
Zv eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖhyw³i eënv‡i
GgbwK cÖPwjZ cÖhyw³ †hgb- †iwWI ÷zwWI
cwiPvjbvq bvixiv cÖvqB ev` c‡o hvq|
cÖhyw³i w`K †_‡K we‡ePbvq GB †RÛvi
êlg¨‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges bvix‡ì Øviv
I bvix‡ì Rb¨B we‡kl cÖhyw&³ ¯’vc‡bi
gva¨‡g Gi DËiY NUv‡Z n‡e|
Dchy³ cÖhyw³i g‡a¨ wd« I I‡cb †mvm©
mdUIqvi eënv‡ii A½xKvi _vK‡Z n‡e| Gi
g‡a¨ GKwU n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb- Ggbfv‡e ÷zwWI
¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv bvix‡ì R‡b¨
cwiPvjbv Kiv mnR nq| G‡¶‡Î kvixwiK
wfbœZvi welqwU we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e †hgb
†g‡qiv mvaviYZ cyiæ‡li †P‡q D”PZvq wKQyUv
Kg ZvB wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †hb cÖwZeÜx
e¨w³I mn‡R ÷zwWI eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GQvov cÖwk¶Y DcKiY¸‡jv †hb mevi
†evaMg¨ nq, †hgb- cÖ‡qvR‡b †m¸‡jv‡K ¯’vbxq
fvlvq Abyev` K‡i eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi
†m¸‡jv †hb Aíwkw¶Z bvix-cyiælI mn‡R
eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
GKwU AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq n‡”Q M‡elYv;
GwU Ggbfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z `wi`ª I Aí
wkw¶Z bvix-cyiæ‡li †hvMv‡hvM Pvwn`v cyiY
Kiv hvq, Kg`vgx hš¿cvwZ mnRjf¨ Kiv
Ges cÖhyw³MZ Dbœqb wbwðZ K‡i `wi`ª I
Equal access for men and women from
all sectors and levels of society to the
community radio broadcasts must be
ensured. Especially, women from
minority communities must be given
airtime on priority basis, so that they
can comfortably bring up their issues
in a non-discriminative, safe and
empowered environment.
Arrangements to train these women
on skill development will be a great
initiative, and the organization
concerned must make necessary
�inancial allotments to meet such
demands.
Section 4: Representation of
women at all levels of station
management
Worldwide, women representation is
more in community radio than in
government-owned/controlled or
commercial radios. However, women
are still often deprived, especially in the
decision-making process and in terms
of technical skills. There are even
stations where there are no effective
women’s representatives.
In all sections of a community radio,
there should be a quota for women in
technical management, ownership,
administration, management, program
and �inancial planning and production –
to ensure meaningful participation of
women. The ultimate goal of this is to
ensure equality between men and
women (In this case, to temporarily
secure at least 30% positions for
women). To achieve this goal, it is
important to invest in women’s skill
development, leadership development
and management training. Women’s
participation cannot be measured just
in terms of the number of women
associated with the station. There
should de�initely be women’s
representation in the ownership,
decision-making and production
boards. These have to be formed such
that women can be meaningfully
connected to the policymaking process
in favorable environment. The matters
that make women’s participation easier
are ensuring care for children, �lexible
working days and broadcast schedules
that are on cohesion with other
responsibilities of women, ample light
at the station during meetings and
broadcasts, issue of transportations to
and from the station during night and
on government holidays, and reserving
of at least half the seats for women in
training rooms.
Section 5: Uses of appropriate
technology
Although some women are skilled in use
of technology, but in most cases women
are very limited in their skills when it
comes to technological matters, and most
women can’t use it. In the use of even
prevailing technology, like radio studio
management, women are often sidelined.
This gender discrimination must be
addressed in terms of technology, and it
must be overcome establishing new
technology by and for women.
There should be promises of using free
and open-source softwares. One
example can be – the studio must be set
up such that it’s convenient for women
to use. One thing that can be considered
is that women are generally shorter in
height than men, so the studio must be
designed such that even a disabled
person can use it. Besides, the training
material should be understandable by
all, and they have to be translated to the
local language if necessary. It should
also be ensured that little-educated men
and women can also use them.
One other very important matter is
research. It has to be done in a way that
it can ful�ill the demands of poor and
low-literate people, and use of low-cost
equipment must be ensured by making
them available and ensuring
technological development.
12
13

Aíwkw¶Z gvby‡li †m¸‡jv ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ eënvi
wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aby‡”Q` 6: †iwWI‡Z bvix‡ì R‡b¨
A_©vqb I `¶Zv weKvk
†RÛvi mgZv Avbq‡b `¶Zv weKvk GKwU
†gŠwjK Dcv`vb| Gi A_© GB bq †h, †iwWI
†÷k‡b hviv Kg©iZ ïay Zv‡ì `¶Zv weKvk
Ki‡Z n‡e eis bvix-cyiæl Df‡qiB `¶Zv
weKvk Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zviv GKwU wbivc`,
mnvqK I †kLvi cwi‡ek ˆZwi‡Z GKmv‡_ KvR
Ki‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b †÷k‡bi mdjZvi R‡b¨
me‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì me©vZ¥K cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
GKB mv‡_ †iwWI †÷k‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ
mKj bvix-cyiæl‡K †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
welqK cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z n‡e †hb Zviv
wcZ…Zvwš¿K AvPiY Ges êlg¨g~jK PwiÎ
wPwýZ K‡i †RÛvi mgZvi m¤úK© M‡o Zz‡j
†RÛvi-wbi‡c¶ Dc¯’vcbvi cš’v AbymiY
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
hwÌ A‡bK †iwWI †÷k‡bi bvix-cyiæl
mgZv Avbq‡bi mw`”Qv i‡q‡Q, Z_vwc G
D‡Ï‡k¨ A_©vqb Kiv Ges bvix‡ì m¶gZv
weKv‡ki †¶‡Î D‡`¨vM MÖnY weij| ZvB
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Ges D³ †÷k‡b m¤ú„³ †g‡q‡ì †bUIqvwK©s
¯’vc‡b mnvqK cwi‡ek M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|
KvVv‡gvMZ w`K †_‡K we‡ePbv Ki‡j Kg©x,
Dc‡`óv cwil` ev eë¯’vcbv KwgwU‡Z GKRb
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cwi‡”Q` 1: GB wb‡`©wkKvi D‡Ïk¨mg~n
GB wb‡`©wkKvi D‡Ïk¨mg~n wbgœiƒc :
1. KwgDwbwU †iwWIÕi Abyôvb wbg©vY I
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Kiv hv‡Z Zviv ¯^ ¯^ cÖwZôv‡b GB
wb‡`©wkKv Abykxj‡b AvMÖnx nb|
2. KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z gwnjv, nwiRb
m¤úª`vq, `wjZ, ¶y`ª b„„-ZvwË¡K RvwZ
I cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi AskMÖnY
wbwðZ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì AwaKvi I
`vwqZ¡ welqK msev` I Abyôvb
cÖPvi wbwðZ Kiv|
3. mvgvwRK ¶gZvq‡bi j‡¶¨ KwgDwbwU
†iwWI†Z †RÛvi mgZv Ges
mvgvwRKxKiY c×wZ Kvh©Kifv‡e
cÖPvi Kiv|
cwi‡”Q` 2: wb‡`©kKvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I
wfwË
2.1 wb‡`©wkKvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
evsjv‡`k miKvi cÖv_wgKfv‡e †gvU 14wU
KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb‡K wbw`©ó GjvKvq
m¤úªPv‡ii Rb¨ miKvwifv‡e Aby‡gv`b
w`‡q‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI
†÷kb¸wj wb‡Riv Abyôvb ˆZwi K‡i
Section 6: Financing and skill
development for Women in Radio
Skill development is a basic element of
ensuring equality. It doesn’t mean that
the skills of only those who work at the
radio must be developed, but skills of
men and women must be developed so
that they can work together in creating
a safe, supportive and learning
environment where their efforts
continue for the station’s success.
At the same time, all men and women
associated with the radio station must
be given workshops on gender
sensitivity, so that they can identify
male-dominated behavior and
discriminative characteristics, build
relations on basis of gender equality
and follow techniques of gender-neutral
presentation.
Although many stations are willing to
bring about gender equality, �inance and
initiatives to improve women’s skills are
rare. Therefore, de�inite amount of
funds must be allocated for bringing
equality between men and women. This
fund must be used in technological,
program related and
management-related trainings. Such
environments must be created that
women feel safe, such as: enough lights,
security equipment, separate toilets etc.
and an environment helpful of
establishing networks for women must
be created.
Thinking from an organizational
structure point of view, it is important
to appoint a woman member in the
workers’, advisors’ or management
committee, who can assess the
demands of the station and implement
programs to bring gender equality
through a women’s desk.
Background
The target of this guideline is to
strengthen community-radio related
programs, to ensure and secure
professional rights of broadcasters and
to continue democratic environment
and practices, and besides, to give an
institutionalized form to gender
equality and socialization.
Chapter 1: Purpose of this guideline
The purposes of this guideline are as
follows:
1. To aware broadcasters,
policymakers and those involved
with production and broadcast, so
that they are motivated to follow
this guideline at their
organization.
2. To ensure participation of women,
and small ethnic and other
minority community
representatives in community
radio, and to broadcast news and
program about their rights and
responsibilities.
3. To effectively broadcast the
techniques for gender equality
and socialization in community
radio, in order to achieve social
empowerment.
Chapter 2: The need and basis of
this guideline
2.1 Need for this guideline
The Bangladesh government has
primarily approved 14 community
radio stations to operate in speci�ic
places of the country. The stations
have already begun producing and
KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z †RÛvi mgZv Ges mvgvwRKxKiY wb‡`©wkKv 2013
(RvZxq †cÖwÿZ)
Gender Equality and Socialization Guidelines for Community Radio Stations 2013
(National Context)
14
15

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mnvqZvi GKwU cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv|
4. bvix I AbMÖmi Rb‡Mvôxi ¶gZvqb
I AwaKvi msi¶Y Kiv|
cwi‡”Q` 3: wb‡`©wkKv eënviKvix
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cwi‡”Q` 4: ev¯Íevqb c×wZ
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†÷kb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Abyôv‡bi h_vh_
gvb i¶v, wbqg-bxwZ AbymiY I
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Kvh©Ki †bUIqvK© eë¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv|
4.4 †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †RÛvi
wb‡`©wkKv I Z`msµvšÍ Abyôvbgvjvi
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GKwU Kvh©Ki †RÛvi bxwZgvjv
P‚ovšÍKiY I Abyôvb ˆZwii Kv‡R Zv
AbymiY Kiv|
4.6 †RÛvi wb‡`©wkKv msµvšÍ Z_¨ I
LeivLei KwgDwbwU †iwWI
†÷kb¸‡jvi gva¨‡g cÖPvi K‡i
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cwi‡”Q` 5: †RÛvi wb‡`©wkKv ev¯Íevq‡bi
†¶Îmg~n
5.1 †RÛvi wb‡`©wkKv PP©v I Abykxj‡bi
†¶Îmg~n n‡jv:
5.1.1 mykvm‡bi Rb¨ †RÛvi wb‡`©wkKv
†RÛvi wb‡`©wkKvi Av‡jv‡K mykvmb
broadcasting their own programs.
Men and women employees,
volunteers, local students and artists
are working together there. But till
date, there are no gender guidelines
in the stations. If there’s no
applicable gender guideline, the
chance remains for women workers,
volunteers and artists to face various
obstacles at the workplace, and
socially. This may hamper the
community radio’s prime purpose.
One other main reason behind
publishing the gender guideline is to
preserve human rights overall,
eliminate discriminations between
men and women, and to play a positive
role in the development of the country.
The other targets of the guideline is to
work for people’s access to
information, participation of
democratic people, preserving public
interest, to uphold human
rights–especially women’s rights,
stopping violence against women and
establishing good governance.
Besides community radio, there are no
speci�ic guidelines on preservation
and institutionalization of democracy,
demands of preservation of rights of
the deprived and social change, that
give a clear idea about gender equality
and socialization. The purpose of
forming this guideline is to ful�ill that
requirement.
2.2 Basis of this guideline
1. To create unanimity on the
proposed gender guideline at
community radio stations and to
implement it at respective
organizations and radio stations.
2. To create balance among radio
stations in exercising this guideline.
3. To create a cooperative
environment between community
radio broadcasters and
stakeholders.
4. Empowerment and preservation of
rights of women and backward
communities.
Chapter 3: User of this guideline
3.1 The main users of this guideline
are community radio stations and
other organizations connected to
this program.
3.2 All other organizations that are
not directly involved with
community radio stations but
work on gender equality can also
use this guideline.
Chapter 4: Implementation Process
4.1 To accept and realize the gender
guideline, re�lect it in the programs
and encourage realizing it.
4.2 To introduce radio broadcasters to
this guideline through organizing
information meetings, trainings and
workshops, and give importance in
realizing it.
4.3 To establish a network to ensure
quality control of programs,
following of regulations and
upholding of values at community
radio stations.
4.4 To take initiatives to
institutionalize gender equality
and related programs at
community radio stations.
4.5 To �inalize an effective gender
policy as a change agent and
follow it in making programs.
4.6 Create a positive image by
broadcasting information on the
gender equality guideline by
broadcasting them on the
community radio stations.
Chapter 5: Fields of implementation
of this gender guideline
5.1 The �ields of practice and exercise
of this gender guideline are
5.1.1 Gender guidelines for good
governance
To form and implement a
policy based on equality and
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17

I gvbe m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ mgZv,
AskMªnY I êlg¨nxb bxwZgvjv
ˆZwi I ev¯Íevqb Kiv|
5.1.2msMVb I eë¯’vcbv
5.1.2.1 msMVb I eë¯’vcbvq bvix I
AbMÖmi MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôxi
AskMÖnY e„w×i Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ
cš’vmg~n Aej¤^b Kiv|
5.1.2.1.1 we`¨gvb êlg¨ `~i Ki‡Z
msMVb I eë¯’vcbvq bvix I
mvgvwRKfv‡e ewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi
mswkøóZv I mwµqZv e„w×
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5.1.2.1.2 wb‡qvM msµvšÍ bxwZgvjv ˆZwii
mgq bvix I mvgvwRKfv‡e
ewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi welqwU ¸iæZ¡
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Rb‡Mvôx †_‡K Kgc‡¶
GKRb cÖwZwbwai cÖwZwbwaZ¡
wbwðZ Kiv|
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Rb‡Mvôxi welqwU we‡klfv‡e
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hvPvB K‡i †`Lvi Rb¨ GKwU
cÖvwZôvwbK cwiex¶Y eë¯’v
cÖwZwôZ Kiv|
5.1.3 m¶gZv Dbœqb
bvix I mvgvwRKfv‡e ewÂZ
Rb‡Mvôxi cÖwZwbwa‡ì cÖwk¶Y I
Ab¨vb¨ m¶gZv e„w×g~jK Kvh©µ‡g
my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i †`qv|
5.1.4 †RÛvi-evÜe cwi‡ek m„wó
5.1.4.1 bvix Kg©x‡ì wbivcËvi welqwU
we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨
Kg©mgq wba©viY Kiv|
5.1.4.2 Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi-evÜe
Kg©-cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv|
5.1.4.3 Kg©¯’‡j I Abyôvb m¤úªPvi
Kv‡R kvjxb I †RÛvi-evÜe
fvlv eënvi Kiv|
5.1.4.4 †Kvb Riæwi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mnR
I `ªæZ †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v
wbwðZ Kiv|
5.1.4.5 Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi-evÜe `vßwiK
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5.1.4.6 †RÛvi-evÜe cÖvwZôvwbK
AvPiYwewa I bxwZgvjv ˆZwi Kiv|
5.1.5 †iwWI Kvh©µ‡g/Abyôvbgvjvq
5.1.5.1 †RÛvi bxwZgvjv mswkøó (bvix I
wkï AwaKvi, bvix wbh©vZb,
†RÛvi mswkøó mwnsmZv BZ¨vw`)
I †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì welqwU we‡kl
¸iæZ¡ w`‡q we‡ePbv Kiv|
5.1.5.2 bvix I AbMÖmi Rb‡Mvôx
m¤úwK©Z Abyôvb m¤úªPv‡ii Rb¨
h‡_ó mgq eivÏ ivLv|
5.1.6 DcKvi‡fvMx Rb‡Mvôxi m‡½ msjv‡c
5.1.6.1 †iwWI Abyôvb ˆZwi, m¤úªPvi,
cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kv‡R
DcKvi‡fvMx Rb‡Mvôxi mivmwi
AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv|
5.1.6.2 †iwWI Abyôvb ˆZwii mgq †RÛvi
mgZv I mvgvwRKfv‡e ewÂZ
Rb‡Mvôxi welqwU we‡klfv‡e
¸iæZ¡ †`qv I G‡¶‡Î GKwU
cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ GKwU
†KŠkj cÖwZôv Kiv|
5.1.7 †RÛvi wb‡`©wkKv mswkøó wel‡q
Drmvn `v‡b
5.1.7.1 bvix I cyiæl m¤úªPvi Kg©x‡ì
†RÛvi mgZv Ges Gi
mvgvwRKxKiY wel‡q m‡PZb K‡i
†Zvjv I Zv‡ì e¨w³MZ AvPi‡Y
I Abykxj‡b Zvi cÖwZdjb NUv‡Z
Drmvn `vb Kiv|
5.1.8 †iwWI †÷kb I ¯’vbxq
†÷K‡nvìvi‡ì mv‡_ wb‡`©wkKv wel‡q
Askx`vixZ¡
5.1.8.1 KwgDwbwU †iwWI msµvšÍ ¯’vbxq
KwgwU I †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì
Askx`vwiZ¡ m„wói j‡¶¨ wbgœwjwLZ
cš’v¸‡jv MÖnY Kiv:
participation, and void of
discrimination.
5.1.2 Organization and management
5.1.2.1 To take the following steps
to increase participation of
women and disadvantaged
rural population.
5.1.2.1.1 To take and exercise policies
that can increase
involvement and activity of
women and socially
deprived populace in
eliminating discrimination.
5.1.2.1.2 To consider the matter of
women and socially
deprived populace while
formulating employment
policies.
5.1.2.1.3 To ensure presence of at
least one representative
from women and socially
deprived populace.
5.1.2.1.4 To establish an
institutional supervision
method to assess whether
the matter of women and
socially deprived populace
is being taken with
importance.
5.1.3 Capacity development
Create opportunities for
representatives of women and
socially deprived populace in
training and other
skill-developing initiatives.
5.1.4 Creating a gender-friendly
environment
5.1.4.1 Set working hours for
women, considering their
security
5.1.4.2 Create gender-friendly
working environment
5.1.4.3 Use gender-friendly
language in of�ice and
during broadcast
5.1.4.4 To ensure easy and quick
communication in
situations of emergency
5.1.4.5 To ensure gender-friendly
of�icial environment
5.1.4.6 To make gender-friendly
organizational code of
conduct and policies.
5.1.5 In radio activities/programs
5.1.5.1 To consider with
importance, the matter of
stakeholders and those
associated with gender
guidelines (women’s and
children’s rights, assault on
women, gender-related
violence).
5.1.5.2 Allocate enough time to
broadcast programs on
women and disadvantaged
populace.
5.1.6 In dialogue with bene�iciary
populace
5.1.6.1 To ensure direct
participation of the
bene�iciary populace in
installation, broadcast,
supervision and evaluation
work of radio programs.
5.1.6.2 To give special importance
to gender equality and
deprived community, and
establishes ways for
mutual cooperation.
5.1.7 In encouraging the gender
guideline and related matters
5.1.7.1 Make men and women
workers aware on gender
equality and socialization,
and encourage them to
re�lect it in their activities.
5.1.8 Partnership with radio stations
and local stakeholders on the guideline
5.1.8.1 To take the following steps
to create partnerships
between local committees
on community radios and
stakeholders:
5.1.8.1.1 Coordination: To discuss
with local committees on
18
19

5.1.8.1.1. mgš^q: †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jvi
¯’vbxqKwgwU I †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì
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Gi mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi wel‡q
mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ GKwU †KŠkj
w¯’i Kiv|
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†iwWI¸‡jvi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq
mn‡hvwMZvq cÖvwZôvwbK Dbœqb I
gvbm¤úbœ Abyôvb wbg©v‡Yi j‡¶¨
KvwiMwi mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv|
5.1.8.1.3 †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì m‡½
mn‡hvwMZv: KwgDwbwU †iwWIi
m¶gZv, cÖPvi-cÖmvi I
Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×i j‡¶¨ ¯’vbxq
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ms¯’vmg~‡ni (wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨,
gwnjv welqK) m‡½ mym¤úK©
m„wó I †hŠ_ Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv|
5.1.8.1.4 mym¤úK© I mnfvMxZv e„w×:
cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© weKv‡ki
gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì mg„× Kivi
j‡¶¨ AwfÁZv wewbgq I
AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wói Rb¨ wk¶v
mdi I msjv‡ci Av‡qvRb Kiv|
5.1.9 †RÛvi wb‡`©wkKv welqK cÖavb
mÂvjK wb‡qvM
KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸‡jv‡Z †RÛvi
bxwZgvjv welqK GKRb mÂvjK
wb‡qvM Kiv, whwb †RÛvi mswkøó
welq¸‡jv Z`viK Ki‡eb I AbMÖmi
Rb‡Mvôx †_‡K wb‡qvMcÖvß bvix Kg©x‡ì
welq¸‡jv we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q †`L‡eb|
5.1.10 †RÛvi wbf©i ev‡RU I wbix¶v
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community radios and
stakeholders to set plans for
cooperation on gender and
socialization.
5.1.8.1.2 Technical assistance: To
provide technical assistance
for organizational
development and to make
quality programs on
community radio, with the
local assistance.
5.1.8.1.3 Assistance with
stakeholders: To create
good rapport and joint
programs with local
administration, police,
service organizations
(education, health,
women-related) to increase
ef�iciency, publicity and
effectiveness.
5.1.8.1.4 Increase good relations
and cooperation: Arrange
dialogues and educational
tours to enrich oneself
through development of
mutual relations by
exchanging experience and
to create favorable
environment.
5.1.9 Appointing a Chief
Coordinator on gender guideline
Appointing a Chief Coordinator
on gender policies, who will
oversee the gender- related
issues, and look with
importance on issues of the
recruited women from the
backwards populace.
5.1.10 Gender-based budget and
survey systems
5.1.10.1 Making gender-dependent
budgets, giving
importance to gender and
socialization.
5.1.10.2 To check at regular
intervals whether the
gender-related issues
taken in the budget and
program are being
followed properly.
20

Gender guidelines for Community Radio in Bangladesh

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Gender guidelines for Community Radio in Bangladesh