for photos class

1. LINE
Lines are one of the basic elements of design. Alone or in combination with
other lines or shapes they can aid in the readability, appearance, and message
of a design. They :
1. Organize
2. Texture
3. Guide the eyes
4. Provide movement
5. Make a statement
6. Convey universal meaning

2. SHAPE(2D)
Shape is one of the basic elements of design. Alone or in combination with
other shapes or lines they can convey universal meanings as well as guide the
eye or organize information. The three basic types of shapes are
geometric, natural, and abstract.

3. FORM (3D)
Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. Shape is only two-dimensional;
form is three dimensional. You can hold a form ; walk around a form and in
some cases walk inside a form.

4. COLOR
Color affects us emotionally, with different colors evoking different emotions.
1. Hue: refers to the names of primary colors, red green, and blue
2. Value : lightness and darkness of the color
3. Intensity: the purity or saturation of the color
4. Monochromatic color: uses of one color where only value of the color
changes

5. TEXTURE
Texture is always a part of our designs whether intentional or not. It is the
visual or tactile surface characteristics of a piece.
Visual textures through the arrangements of lines and shapes or the use of
photographic images of specific surfaces.

6. DEPTH (PERSPECTIVE)
The allusion of depth:
1. Size and vertical location- closer objects being larger and smaller
objects being smaller, also we perceive objects that are higher on the
page and smaller as being further away.
2. Overlapping-when objects are partially obscured by other objects in
front of them.
3. Detail(aerial or atmospheric perspective)- uses color value contrasts to
show depth.
4. Linear perspective (converging lines)- all lines will converge on a
common point on the horizon called the vanishing point.

7. LIGHT
When light from a single direction hits an object is in shadow. Light and dark
areas within an image provide contrast that can suggest volume. factors that
can affect our feelings towards an image include the direction of the light
source, from above or below, and the gentleness or abruptness of the half
tones.

8. DIRECTION(MOTION)
To show direction we use:
1. Anticipated movement
2. Fuzzy outlines
3. Multiple images
4. Optical movement
5. Optical illusions
6. Rhythm and movement

9. MASS(VISUAL WEIGHT)
Everything has physical mass. The physical mass or size is the actual
dimensions of the piece:
1. Height
2. Width
3. Thickness/weight
4. Depth( of 3D objects)

10. TONE (BLACK AND WHITE)
Tone can be regarded as value as both terms refer to the various degrees
of lightness or darkness
1. Shade: a color (hue) with black added.
2. Tint: a color (hue) with white added
3. Tone: a color (hue)with grey added
4. Value :the degree of lightness or darkness in colors

11. VALUE
Refers to the relative lightness or darkness of a certain area. Value can be used
for emphasis. Variations are used to create a focal point for the design of a
picture. Graduations are also used to create the illusion of depth.

12. SPACE (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE)
Space include the background, foreground and middle ground. Space refers to
the distances or area around, between or within components of a piece.
Positive space refers to the space of a shape representing the subject matter.
Negative space refers to the space around and between the subject matter.

13. BALANCE
Three types of balance in page design:
1. Symmetrical-nearly identical or have nearly the same visual mass
2. Asymmetrical-off center or created with an odd or mismatched number
of different elements
3. Radial-radiate from or swirl around in a circular or spiral path

14. EMPHASIS
Provides vocal point for the piece, making the most important stand out in
the design. Creating it can be done by changing font or image sizes, placing
objects in the front of the composition, or using composition, or using
contrasting colors.

15. PROPORTION (SCALE)
Refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design. The
issue is the relationship between objects, or parts, of a whole. This means that
it is necessary to discuss proportion in terms of the context or standard used
to determine proportions.

16. REPETITION (RHYTHM)
Has a consistent look, including column width, page numbers. It enhances
readability.

17. UNITY
Unity is a way to make objects in a piece seem as if they are related to each
other. There are many ways that this can be achieved:
Proximity
Repletion
Continuation

18. CONTRAST
Occurs when two elements are different. The greater the difference the
greater the contrast. The key to working with contrast is to make sure the
differences are obvious. Four common methods of creating contrast are by
using differences in size, value , color and type.

19. HARMONY
Harmony in painting is the visually satisfying effect of combining similar ,
related elements.

20. PROXIMITY
Space items according to their relation to one another. Related items should
appear closer together than items that are not related.

21. VARIETY
Variety is the compliment to unity and is needed to create visual interest.
Without unity, an image is chaotic and unreadable, without variety it is dull
and uninteresting;
Line- thinness, thickness, value, color, angle, length
Shape- size, color orientation and texture, type