Android Part-1 - Hello Android

Agenda
 Introduction to
o Android mobile operating system
o Android app
o Android app sandboxing
o Android app development platform
o Android emulators and advance techniques
o Android device administration
o Sample App
2

Android is a mobile operating
system (OS) based on the Linux
kernel and currently developed
by Google.
3

Initially developed by Android, Inc.,
which Google backed financially and
later bought in 2005, Android was
unveiled in 2007.
This was along with the founding of the Open Handset
Alliance— a consortium of hardware, software, and
telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open
standards for mobile devices.
4

The main hardware platform for Android is the
ARM architecture (ARMv7 and ARMv8-A architectures).
x86 and MIPS architectures are also officially supported
Since Android 5.0 "Lollipop", 64-bit variants of all
platforms are supported.
5

Initial release September 23, 2008
Latest release April 21, 2015 (5.1.1 "Lollipop“)
6

Android 2.0 Éclair
 Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts (emails and contacts)
 Microsoft Exchange email support.
 Bluetooth 2.1 support
 Multi-touch events
9

Android 2.2 Froyo (Frozen Yoghurt)
 Push Notifications
 Adobe Flash support.
 Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser
 Microsoft Exchange security enhancements including remote wipe
 Installing apps on SD card
10

Android 2.3 Gingerbread
 Native Code Development
 Near Field Communication (NFC)
 Download Manager
 Power Management
11

Android 3.0 Honeycomb
 The first tablet-only Android update.
 Multi-core Processors
12

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich
 Face Unlock
13

Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean)
(API level 16)
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
(API level 16)
14

Android 4.2 Jelly Bean
(API level 17)
15

Android 4.4 KitKat
(API level 19)
16

Android 5.0 "Lollipop"
 Android Runtime (ART) with ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation and
improved garbage collection (GC), replacing Dalvik that combines bytecode
interpretation with trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation.
 Support for 64-bit CPUs
 Material design
 Project Volta, for battery life improvements
17

Android 5.1.1
 Device protection: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner
signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.
18

Android apps are written in the Java
programming language
19

However, they run on Android's own Java
Virtual Machine, called Dalvik Virtual
Machine (DVM)
20

The Android SDK tools compile your code—
along with any data and resource files—into
an APK: an Android package, which is an
archive file with an .apk suffix.
22

.apk file is the containers for app binaries.
 .dex files these are all the app’s .class files
converted to Dalvik byte code.
 compiled resources (resources.arsc)
 uncompiled resource
 Binary version of AndroidManifest.xml
An .apk file contains all of the information necessary to run your application on a device or
emulator.
23

App are made from components.
Android instantiates and runs them as needed.
25

The two fundamental concepts about Android app framework
 App provide multiple entry points
o From one component you can start another component
using an intent. You can even start a component in a
different app, such as an activity in maps app to show an
address.
 Apps adapt to different devices
o You can create different XML layout files for different
screen sizes and the system determines which layout to
apply based on the current device’s screen size.
26

Once installed on a device, each Android app lives in its own security sandbox
28

 Android OS is a multi-user Linux system
29

 Each app is a different user.
30

 System assigns each app a unique Linux User ID
31

 This User ID doesn’t change during app’s life on a device.
32

 This User ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the app.
33

 System sets permissions for all the files in an app so that only the User ID assigned
to that app can access them.
34

 This id doesn’t change during app’s life on a device.
 Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an app's code runs in isolation
from other apps.
35

 This id doesn’t change during app’s life on a device.
 Each application is given a dedicated data directory which only it has permission
to read and write to
 Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an app's code runs in isolation
from other apps.
 By default, every app runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process
when any of the app's components need to be executed, then shuts down the
process when it's no longer needed or when the system must recover memory for
other apps.
36

Zygote is a daemon whose goal is to launch Apps.
38

Automatically generated UIDs for applications start at 10000 (AID_APP), and the
corresponding usernames are in the form
 app_XXX or
 uY_aXXX (on Android versions that support multiple physical users),
39

The data directory of the email application is named after its package name and is created
under /data/data/ on single-user devices.
40

Thus, applications are isolated, or sandboxed,
both at the process level (by having each run in a
dedicated process) and at the file level (by having a private
data directory).
This creates a kernel-level application sandbox, which
applies to all applications, regardless of whether they are
executed in a native or virtual machine process.
41

 Apps that are signed with same certificate can share data, user ID, as well as run in
a single process. They just need to specify same sharedUserId and process.
42

Android Development Environment
Your workbench for writing android applications
46

Based on Eclipse
Based on IntelliJ Community Edition
47

Based on Eclipse
Windows
•Microsoft® Windows® 8/7/Vista/2003 (32 or 64-bit)
48

Based on Eclipse
Windows
Mac OS X
Mac® OS X® 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.9 (Mavericks)
49

Based on Eclipse
Windows
Mac OS X
Mac® OS X® 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.9 (Mavericks)
Linux
GNOME or KDE desktop
Tested on Ubuntu® 14.04, Trusty Tahr
50

A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES
51

 ANDROID LINUX KERNEL
 SYSTEM LIBRARIES
 RUNTIME
 APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS
 SDK
 KEY APPS
52

 SECURITY
 MEMORY & PROCESS MANAGEMENT
 FILE & NETWORK I/O
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 RUNTIME
 SDK
 KEY APPS
53

 SECURITY
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 ANDROID SPECIFIC
 POWER MANAGEMENT
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME
54

 SECURITY
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 ANDROID SHARED MEMORY
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME
55

 SECURITY
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 LOW MEMORY KILLER
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME
56

 SECURITY
 DEVICE DRIVERS
 LOW MEMORY KILLER
 IPC - BINDER
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME
57

 LINUX KERNEL
 WINDOW MANAGER
 VIEW SYSTEM
 PACKAGE MANAGER
 ACTIVITY MANAGER
 LOCATION MANAGER
 NOTIFICATION MANAGER
 ALARM MANAGER
 CONTENT PROVIDERS
 RESOURCE MANAGER
 TELEPHONY MANAGER
 KEY APPS
 SDK
 RUNTIME
58

Emulator
Can emulate many different device/user characteristics, such as
Network speed/latencies
Battery Power
Location coordinates
60

VGA means Video Graphics Array, and has a resolution of 640*480 pixels.
QVGA means Quarter Video Graphics Array and has a resolution of 320*240 pixels.
HVGA means Half Video Graphics Array, and has a resolution of 480*320 pixels.
WVGA (Wide Video Graphics Array) with a resolution of 800*480 pixels
FWVGA (Full Wide Video Graphics Array) at 854*480 pixels
The only difference between WVGA and FWVGA is the screen aspect ratio. WVGA has
15:9, and FWVGA is 16:9. 16:9 is better for HD movie watching
61

power ac off
power status not-charging
65

power ac off
help network
help network speed
67

network speed edge
EDGE (Enhanced GPRS) on GSM networks.
 It give 3x speed than outdated GPRS system.
 Max of 473 kbps.
69

Android Part-1 - Hello Android

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