bioplastic

1. Bio-Plastic

2. presented by-- BISWAJIT MAL
B.sc,Microbiology,
Department of Microbiology
Midnapore college(Autonomous)

3. Bio plastics : An important component of global sustainability
• Bio plastics are either bio
based or biodegradable or
both. Plastics are a vital asset
for humanity, often providing
functionality that cannot be
easily or economically replaced
by other materials. Most
plastics are robust and last for
hundreds of years.
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4. WHAT IS BIOPLASTIC?
Bio plastics are plastic derived from renewable biomass
sources, such as vegetative fats and oils, corn starch or
micro biota. Bio plastic also can be made from
agricultural byproducts and also from used plastic bottles
and other container using microorganisms.
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 Beijerinck first observed PHAs as refructile
bodies inside bacterial cells in 1888.
 The history of plastics changed dramatically in the
early 1900s, as petroleum emerged as a source of fuel
and of chemicals. The early bioplastics, such as PLA
which was discovered around 1890, were simply
displaced by plastics made from synthetic polymers.
World War II brought on a large increase in plastics
production, a growth which continues to this day.

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One well established bioplastic that has survived the growth of the
synthetic plastics industry is cellophane, a sheet material derived
from cellulose. Although production peaked in the 1960s it is still
used in packaging for candy, cigarettes, and other articles.
Demand for materials like plastics is continually growing and will
not be abated. Today, the plastics industry is an important
component of our economy: The U.S. plastics industry includes
over 20,000 facilities that produce or distribute materials or
products, employ over 1.5 million workers, and ship over $300
billion in products each year.

7. Bio plastic Characteristics Conventional
plastic
Derived from renewable
biomass source such as
veg. Oils and fats, corn
starch, use plastic bottles
,containers using
microorganism.
source Derived from petrochemicals,
but some are partially natural.
Raw materials to make plastics
can be fossil fuels, such as crude
oil, natural gas and coal, or
cellulose, salt and other
materials.
can reduce CO2 emissions
by 30-80 percent.
CO2 Emission 1kg of plastics generates about
3-6kg of CO2
More costlier than
conventional plastics.
Expense Less costly
Non-toxic or less toxic Toxicity Mostly toxic
Consume very less energy
in production
energy consume Consume 60% more energy
than bio plastic in production
Some, but not all, bio
plastics are designed to
biodegrade
Degradability Non-biodegradable
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8. Two types of use
Items that might eventually become litter
E.g.: such as shopping bags or food packaging
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Permanent bio plastics
Eg: such as polythene manufactured from sugar
cane

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Agriculture
100% Ingeo draperies
Body of Sony Walkman

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Food Service & Product Packaging
Automotive
Components,
Coatings,
Interiors

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15. • Bio plastic may be different types—
 Starch based bio plastic: Thermoplastic starch currently
represents the most widely used bioplastic, constituting about
50 percent of the bioplastic market.
 Cellulose based bio plastic: They are mainly the
cellulose esters(including cellulose acetate and
nitrocellulose)and their derivatives including celluloid.
 Aliphatic polyesters: They are mainly polyhydroxy
butyrate(PHB),polyhydroxy alkanoate(PHA),polylactic
acid(PLA)
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16. Composition
– Polylactic acids (PLA)
– Similar to regular plastic
– Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids
(PHAs)
– Aliphatic polyester that does
not require synthetic
processing
– Uses bacteria/enzymes
– Better heat resistance than
PLA
– Broader range of materials
can be used to make PHAs
– Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-
valerate (PHBVs)
– Polyols
• Plant oil
– Variety of other Bioplastics
– Extracted or Used
• oil, starch, sugars, lactic acid,
fatty acids, proteins, bacteria,
fibers
Confectionery packaging made of PLA-
blend bio-flex

17.  PHB granules were first observed by
Lemoigne in Bacillus megaterium [ a
gram + ve bacterium] in 1926.
 Since then PHAs have been shown to be
elaborated by some Archaebacteria & several
gram + ve & gram - ve bacteria. E.g.
Ralstonia eutropha, Alcanivorax borkumensi,
Rhodococcus ruber etc.

18. • Non-toxic or less toxic
• Lower energy costs in manufacture
• Ecofriendly
• Improved acceptability to many
households
•Reduce global warming.
• Safe for medicinal and households uses.

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 Uses Genetically Modified processes
 Cost up to three times more than regular Plastic
 Use of fertilizers and pesticides for crops

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 In 2004, NEC developed a flame retardant plastic,polylactic
acid, without using toxic chemicals such as halogens and
phosphorus compounds
 In 2005, Fujitsu became one of the first technology
companies to make personal computer cases from
bioplastics.
 Later, the French company Ashelvea (also listed on EU
Energy Star registered partners), launched its fully
recyclable PC with biodegradable plastic case.
 In 2007 Braskem of Brazil announced it had developed a
route to manufacture high density polyethylene (HDPE)
using ethylene derived from sugar cane.

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22. Bio plastics, currently accounting for less than half of one per
cent of all plastics manufacture, are growing rapidly because of
the clear advantages they have in many applications. As oil
supply tightens, these advantages will grow. Their carbon
footprint can be much lower than oil-based equivalents.
Bio plastics can provide excellent biodegradability, helping the
world deal with the increasing problems of litter, particularly in
the world’s rivers and seas. Durable plant-based bio plastics can
also be recycled as well as their conventional equivalents,
assisting the growth of a more sustainable world economy.

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References
• http://www.hkc22.com/bioplastics.html
• http://www.bccresearch.com/index.htm
• www.fnr.de
• www.natureworksllc.com
• www.bioplastics24.com
• www.bpf.co.uk
• www.nnfcc.com
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioplastic

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