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Presented by Dr. B. Victor,  St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai-627002,India. Functional Organization  of the  Immune System: 2.Immunoreactive Cells
Leucocytes are the effectors of the immune system. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood cell categories Formed elements of the blood Nucleated cells Non-nucleated cells Leucocytes Erythrocytes Thromphocytes Polymorphonuclear  cells Eosinophils Neutrophils Basophils Monocytes Lymphocytes Natural killer cells
There are two main lineages that derived from the hemopoietic stem cell: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sub-categories of Leucocytes Leucocytes Granulocytes (Polymorphonuclear  cells) Agranulocytes (Mononuclear cells) Eosinophils Neutrophils Basophils Monocytes Lymphocytes Natural killer cells
The agranulocytes : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The granulocytes: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kinds of Granulocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Granulocytes & Agranulocytes Basophil Eosinophil Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte
Role of Granulocytes  ,[object Object],[object Object]
N eutrophil ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neutrophil ,[object Object],[object Object]
Role of N eutrophils ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basophil   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basophil ,[object Object],[object Object]
Eosinophil ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Eosinophil ,[object Object]
Immunocytic system Immunocytic system Cell mediated  immunity Humoural Immunity Production of  Lymphokines Production of Antibodies T-Lymphocytes B-Lymphocytes (Plasma cells)
Lymphopoiesis ,[object Object]
Origin of cells of the immune system 
Lymphocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes B-Lymphocytes T-helper cells T-suppressor  cells T-cytotoxic cells  T-delayed hypersensitivity cells  Plasma cells  B-memory cells
T and B-Lymphocytes   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
T  and B lymphocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
T  Lymphocytes (T-cells ) attack the invaders directly   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Human T-lymphocyte  (SEM x12,080).
T Lymphocytes (T Cells)   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
T Lymphocytes
Role of T-lymphocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B lymphocytes ,[object Object]
B cells mature into plasma cells that produce antibodies.
B cells perform antibody mediated immunity. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plasma Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plasma Cell
Antibodies (Immunoglubulins) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Natural Killer Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Natural Killer Cells
Natural killer cell, Killer cell and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
B cell-T cell interaction
B cell-T cell interaction
B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor (TCR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Both BCRs and TCRs share these properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BCRs and TCRs differ in: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antigen receptors expressed as  transmembrane molecules on B and T lymphocytes
Other cells of the immune system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monocyte ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dendritic Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dendritic Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antigen Presenting cell (APC)
Phagocytes and Their Relatives
 
Monocytes and Macrophages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Macrophages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Phagocytes   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Macrophages play many roles. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Macrophage attacking  E.coli   (SEM x8,800 ).
Normal anti-bacterial action 1. PHAGOCYTIC CELL ENGAGES MICROBE 2. PHAGOCYTOSIS OF THE MICROBE 3. DESTRUCTION OF THE  MICROBE
Mast cell ,[object Object],[object Object]
Mast cell ,[object Object],[object Object]
Mast cells   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
About the presenter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you

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Functional organization of the Immune System