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U 7 total quality management in garment industry
1. AKSUM UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING
Course Name: Garment Manufacturing Technology
Chapter seven :Total Quality Management in
Apparel Industry
Prepared by :kibrom g/her 1
2. What is Quality ?
Quality different meaning to different people.
Quality is degree of excellence . ( )Dictionary)
Quality is fitness for use. (Juran)
Quality is conformance to requirements/
specifications. (Crosby)
Quality should be aimed at the needs of the
customer, present and future. (Deming)
Quality is what the customer says it is. (Fegenbaum)
3. Quality control and Quality assurance
Quality control is the engineering & management activity by
which we measure the quality characteristics of the product,
compare them with specifications or requirements, and take
appropriate remedial action whenever there is a difference
between the actual performance and the standard.
Quality Control : “A part of quality management focused on
fulfilling quality requirements”.
What is Quality Control?
4. What is Quality Assurance?
Quality assurance (QA) is a process-centered approach
to ensuring that a company or organization is providing
the best possible products or services.
Quality Assurance : “A part of quality management
focused on providing confidence that quality
requirements will be fulfilled.”
5. The Difference Between Quality Assurance and Quality Control
The following are a few differences between the quality assurance and quality control processes
• Quality assurance focuses on defect prevention and quality control focuses on defect
identification.
• Quality assurance is a proactive process while quality control is a reactive process.
• Quality assurance is a process based approach while quality control is a product based
approach.
• Quality assurance involves processes managing quality, and quality control is used to verify
the quality of the product.
• Quality audit is an example of quality assurance. Inspection and testing are examples of the
quality control process.
6. QUALITY ASSURANCE IN APPAREL
MANUFACTURING
Quality of apparel means ?
The garment must fit to the label size and should be free from defect like stains
,loose seams , un cut thread ,misaligned button , shade variation etc. …..
it must withstand a normal day to day laundering , dry cleaning and pressing with
out any shrinkage
Stages of inspection
1. Raw material inspection
2. In process inspection
3. Final inspection
7. Raw Material Inspection
It includes inspection of:
Fabric
Accessories
• Sewing thread
• Zippers
• Buttons
• Lining and interlinings
• Hook and snap fasteners
• Elastics etc.
Fabric inspection in quality assurance is one of the major areas in textile and garment industry. American
Apparel Manufacturers Association (AAMA) 4-point grading system is used worldwide by fabric/garment
manufacturers. Another fabric inspection system is 10 a-point system. The adoption of both systems help in
making uniform standard of gradation of fabric worldwide
8. Raw Material Inspection
Accessories inspection - The performance accessories are same as for the main
fabric.
If accessories are of textile in nature following parameters Shrinkage
,Colorfastness ,Strength ,Crease recovery Abrasion resistance ,Pilling and Color
matching etc.
For non-textile accessories the main requirements are: Strength , Metal should free
from rusting Should withstand normal day-to-day cleaning process
9. In-process inspection
In-process inspection means the inspection of different parts before their assembly into
a complete product.
In-process inspection is to check the quality of components and identify the problems as
early as possible. In-process stage contains instructions for patterns, spreading, cutting,
sewing, pressing and finishing.
10. Patterning
All the pattern pieces required for a particular design should be there.
All the patterns must be aligned with the fabric grain.
Grain line should be parallel to the selvedge.
Pattern pieces of different sizes should be correctly labelled in marker.
Darts, notches, drill marks should be at correct location and distinct.
Number of cut pieces required for a particular part (like for Shirt cuff - Cut 4) should be mentioned.
While doing grading the increase or decrease in size should be proportionate according to the
given size range.
In the marker there should be enough space for knife movement for proper cutting.
Patterns for checks and stripes should match properly.
Pattern lines should be defined properly (e.g. chalk too thick may lead to inaccurate cutting)
11. Spreading
The objective of spreading is to place the number of plies of fabric according to
the production requirement & the length of the marker plan While layering
following points should be considered .:
Fabric faults like holes, flaws and stains etc. should be detected before
spreading.
The fabric layers should be tension-free and straight.
The length and width of the lay should be equal to length and width of the
marker plus minimum extra outside the marker plan.
The ply direction should be according to the type of fabric either face up, face
down or face to face
12. Cutting
Cutting means to separate fabric parts as replicas of the pattern pieces in the marker
plan While cutting one should take care of the following points:
Pattern pieces should be cut accurately to the pattern shape
Raw edges of pattern pieces should not show fraying, fuzziness or snagging.
Ply edges should not fuse together.
Size and placement of notches should be accurate.
Cutting knife should be sharp enough for accurate and consistent cutting.
Knife edges and cutting speed should be checked regularly.
Cleanliness and safety should be ensured.
13. Sewing
Sewing In-process inspection in sewing involves inspection of work each
operator against an established quality standard . Following defects arise
during sewing
Skipped stitches
Uneven stitch density
Puckered seams
Broken stitches
Staggered stitches
14. Pressing/Finishing
Pressing/Finishing The main objective of finishing is to achieve quality
and good appearance . Garments should be checked for the following
defects before as well after all stages of pressing.
Water spots or stains
Burned or scorched garments
Shrinkage due to heat and moisture
Garment not properly dried
Unwanted creases/impressions
Broken buttons, zippers etc.
Gloss and/or change in color
15. Final Inspection
Ready and packed garments are inspected randomly for final inspection. The following aspects of garments are
checked at this stage.
Correct dimensions/measurements
Garment symmetry
Seam pucker, seam allowance
Pressing/fusing defects
Loose threads
Correct matching of fabrics and accessories
Shade variation
Correct fitting and alignment of closures
Correct placing of labels
Packaging and Packing
Garment packages should be designed in such a way so as to ensure that the garments reaches
the consumer in satisfactory condition. The following points should be checked:
Method of garment folding
Number of garments in each package
Type and quality of outer packing
16. GARMENT QUALITY STANDARDS
The following pages provide the general garment quality standards for all products
• Garments shall be free of needle holes, snags, open seams, broken stitches,
puckering/excessive fullness, more than one skipped stitch or any other flaws
or defects that may affect the appearance or the durability of the garment.
• Garment shall not contain fabric defects that do not comply with the fabric zone
chart
• Garment shall not contain any stains or soils
• Fabric stitch, pattern, and nap directions within a garment shall be the same for
all parts.
• Garment shall not have any shaded parts.
17. GARMENT QUALITY STANDARDS
The following pages provide the general garment quality standards for all products
• Garments shall be symmetrical and balanced for patterns, stripes,
embroideries, and dimensions
• No sleeves or legs shall be twisted.
• All pockets, flaps, lapels, etc. shall be balanced and even.
• All seam clean finished.
• Hems shall be even and neat
• Garment shall be properly pressed
• All parts shall be fused properly (plackets, waistbands, pockets).
Hinweis der Redaktion
Quality assurance focuses on defect prevention and quality control focuses on defect identification.
Quality assurance is a proactive process while quality control is a reactive process.
Quality assurance is a process based approach while quality control is a productbased approachQuality audit is an example of quality assurance. Inspection and testing are examples
of the quality control process.