1. The study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and depression among Vietnamese adults through a pilot study conducted in Hue City, Vietnam. 2. Results found high prevalence of depressive symptoms among those with lower education levels and income. Occupation showed a U-shaped relationship with depression. 3. Mediating factors like self-esteem, mastery, social support, stress, and life events helped explain the relationship between SES indicators and depression. The findings provide new evidence on mental health in Vietnam.

7. Part 1 Exploratory qualitative research Part 2 Pilot quantitative research Main survey - 2 in-depth interviews psychiatrist experts - 10 in-depth interviews with residents 100 Structured interviews with residents Structured interview Phase 2

12. PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS (%) Figure 1: Prevalence of depressive symptoms ( CES-D > 21) by Education level

13. Figure 2: Prevalence of depressive symptoms ( CES-D >21) by Income ( quartile groups) < 16,000VND (< 1.2 AUD per day) 16,000 - < 26,000 VND (1.2 - < 2.0 AUD per day) 26,000-46,000 VND (2.0 - 3.4 AUD per day) > 46,000 VND (> 3.4 AUD per day)

14. Figure 3: Prevalence of depressive symptoms ( CES-D >21) by Occupation casual manual non-specialized workers non-manual workers, no professional qualifications employed manual non-specialized workers non-manual professional or business people with prestigious post.