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āļ—āđāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āļēāđƒāļˆāļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļŠāļē

                              â€Ē    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļēāļ”āļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āļ•ïœŠāļ­āļ§āļīāļŠāļē
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                              â€Ē    āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļ™
                              â€Ē    āļ•āđāļēāļĢāļē/āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļ­ïœ‹āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ‡
                              â€Ē    āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨ

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āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļ™

                             â€Ē Theme-based, practical, real situations
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                             â€Ē āđ€āļ™ïœ‹āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠïœŠāļ§āļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄ āđāļšïœŠāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāļĄāļ­āļ āļīāļ›āļĢāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē
                             â€Ē āļœāļđāļŠāļ­āļ™āļĄāļĩāļŦāļ™ïœ‹āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™         āļļ
                             â€Ē āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ™āļ„āļ§ïœ‹āļēāļ”āļ§āļĒāļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āļ•āļēāļĄāļĢāļēāļĒāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļĩāļĒāļ”āđƒāļ™
                                  āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢ

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āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™

                             â€Ē Website
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                             â€Ē āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļ•āđāļēāļĢāļēāļ•ïœŠāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ
                             â€Ē āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļˆāļēāļāļŦāļ™ïœŠāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆ
                                  āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡: āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ—āļĻ
                                  āđāļŦāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī, āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠïœŽ
                                  āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđāļŦāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī
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                              of āļ‚āļēāļ§āļŠāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāđāļēāļ§āļąāļ™




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āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āđ€āļāđ‡āļš

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                                                                           āļ‡āļēāļ™āļāļĨāļļāļĄ
                                   w āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāđāļēāļŦāļ™āļ” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āđƒāļŦāļĄïœŠ (āļ•ïœ‹āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢ
                                        āļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāđāļēāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļïœŠāļ­āļ™)
                                   w āļˆāļąāļ”āļ—āđāļēāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļēāļ§āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 20-30 āļŦāļ™ïœ‹āļē āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļēāļĐ A4
                                   w āļŠïœŠāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļŠāļ­āļš
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āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ
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                                            - āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜ïœŽāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§ïœŠāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ
                                            - āļāļēāļĢāđāļžāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļ™āļ§āļąāļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ


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āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜ïœŽāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§ïœŠāļēāļ‡
                                 āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ
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                                                     Technological Determinism




                      āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ
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                                                                                   āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ


                                                    Social Shaping of Technology
                                                         Social Determinism
                                                                                           7


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Technological Determinism

                             â€Ē Technology = autonomous force that change
                                  society
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                             â€Ē Technology is either a primary causal factor, the
                                  single most influential determinant, one-way street
                             â€Ē Single innovation directly cause social change
                             â€Ē Suspension of ethical judgment or social control.
                                  Tech becomes “end itself rather than a means to an
                                  end.
                             â€Ē Technology is neutral or value-free, what counts is
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                                  not technology but the way we use tech.
                             â€Ē The “scientist/technologist” knows best



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                             What about unintended consequences of
                                          technology?

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Social Shaping of Technology

                             â€Ē Society = autonomous force that change
                                  technology
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                             â€Ē Technology = partially response of society to solve
                                  problems = so member of society should have at
                                  least some control over the application
                             â€Ē Technology and development – not linear process
                             â€Ē Emphasis shifted away from single invention to tech
                                  development (systems) occurs through time,
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                                  subject to a host of forces
                             â€Ē Technology choice!



                                                                                 10


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                                           Demand Pull vs. Supply Push
                                             Debate on Innovation
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āļ™āļ§āļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ: Innovation

                     1) Incremental Innovations
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                           – continuous
                           – small scale improvements - certain activity, industry,
                             service
                           – not always result from R&D programs
                     2) Radical Innovations
                           –   discontinuous events
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                           –   deliberate R&D activity
                           –   product, process, organizational innovations
                           –   but relatively small and localized impacts


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āļ™āļ§āļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ: Innovation
                      3) Changes of “Technology System”
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                            – Changes in technology -->affect economic sectors --> rise
                              to entirely new sectors
                            – combination of incremental and radical innovations plus
                              organizational innovation in more than a few firms
                      4) Techno-Economic Paradigm
                           – technological change --> changes in behaviour of the entire
                               economy
                           – Kondratieff cycles: successive waves of technical change
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Kondratieff Cycle (50years cycle hypothesis)

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                             Steam Engine Telephone                                 TV         Computer




                                                           ave




                                                                              ave




                                                                                               ave




                                                                                                                  ave
                                          ve
                                   1st Wa




                                                      2nd W




                                                                        3rd W




                                                                                         4th W




                                                                                                            5th W
                                                      Analog
                                            Electronics
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                                                Industry                                    Information
                                               Revolution                                   Renovation


                                                                                                                               Source:
                     Agricultural                                 Industrial                                     Information   Dr.Park
                       Society                                     Society                                         Society      (ETRI)
                                               1814              1873           1920                 1973         2010-20xx
                                                                                                                                    14


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Technology Diffusion/Adoption

                             â€Ē innovators - venturesome, educated,
                                  multiple info sources, greater propensity to
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                                  take risk
                             â€Ē early adopters - social leaders, popular,
                                  educated
                             â€Ē early majority - deliberate, many informal
                                  social contacts
                             â€Ē late majority - skeptical, traditional, lower
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                                  socio-economic status
                             â€Ē laggards - neighbours and friends are main
                                  info sources, fear of debt
                                                                                 15


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Five stages Model for Diffusion (Rogers)

                             â€Ē Knowledge - learning about the existence
                                  and function of the innovation
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                             â€Ē Persuasion - becoming convinced of the
                                  value of the innovation
                             â€Ē Decision - committing to the adoption of the
                                  innovation
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                              of Implementation - putting it to use


                             â€Ē Confirmation - the ultimate acceptance (or
                                  rejection) of the innovation

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                                                        Debate
                                               Revolution āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Evolution?
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                               āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ—āļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ

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āļ„āđāļēāļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄ
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                                                             Information

                                                         Communication

                                                             Technology
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                                                           Infrastructure

                                                                      ???

                                                                               20


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āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢ: Moore’s Law

                                                      Figure 1 The M re's law: Developm
                                                              .7:     oo
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                                                                                         ent                      u Capacity of
                                                      from the4004 to the Pentium4 processor
                     100 000 000
                                                                                                     Pentium IV
                                                                                                                    semiconductor chips
                                                                                                                    doubles every 18-24
                               10 000 000
                                                                                                  PentiumIII
                                                                                                                    months.
              Nu mbe r o f tran sistors




                                                                                           PentiumPro
                                          1 000 000
                                                                                   486DX                          Number of transistors on a chip:
                                                                          1971: 2 300 (Intel 4004)
                                                                               386DX
                   100 000
                                                                          2000: 42 000 000 (Pentium IV)
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                                       8028

                                                                     8086
                                            10 000
                                                              8080

                                                       4004
                                             1 000
                                                  1970     1975      1980   1985   1990    1995    2000    2005

              Source: Intel Museum.
                                                                                                                                                     21


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āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢ: mobility

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āļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•ïœŽāđāļ§āļĢ: āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ
                                                  (Diversity)
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                              â€Ē Developers
                                    – āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— Software, āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŪāļēāļĢāļ”āđāļ§āļĢ, āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļœāļđāđƒāļŠïœ‹
                              â€Ē āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Software
                                    – System, Application Tool, Application
                                    – Generic Software vs Specific Software
                             â€Ē Hardware Platform
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                             of Mode of Delivery: Package, Custom


                             â€Ē Market: Domestic vs Export, Industrial Segment




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āļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•ïœŽāđāļ§āļĢ

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                              â€Ē āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡
                              â€Ē “Intellectual Property Right”
                                    – Digital products
                                    – Copyright vs Patent
                              â€Ē Open source

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Broadcasting Technologies

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āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļ„āļĄāļ™āļēāļ„āļĄ

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āļ—āđāļēāđ„āļĄāļ•ïœ‹āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•:
                                     Speed (Reaching the 50 million mark)

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                              40
                              35
               Years 30
                              25
                              20
                              15
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                              10
                                5
                                0
                                          Radio                 PC             TV   Internet


                                                Years to reach 50 million mark                 27


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āļ—āđāļēāđ„āļĄāļ•ïœ‹āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•:
                                               Diversified Applications

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Broadband

                             â€Ē āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļŠïœŠāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ āļēāļž
                                  āļ”āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡
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                                    – ITU: āļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§ïœŠāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļŠïœŠāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđāļšāļš ISDN
                                    – āļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™ moving targets
                              â€Ē Always on
                              â€Ē Killer applications?
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                                                                                      30


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āđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™ïœ‹āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ

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                            Shortened Technology Life Cycle

                            Convergence between Technologies

                            Ambiguous Industry Boundaries
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                            Ubiquitous Society
                                                                               31


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āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļĨāļ­āļĄāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ
                       Computers                                                           Broadcasting
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                                             Connected to                      Broadband and
                                             networks                          cable services
                                                                 PC            TV

                                                       Mobile and              Appliance
                                                         Wireless
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                                      Cable
                                      changes to
                                      wireless
                                                                                      Electronic Games
                       Telecommunications                                        and Embedded Systems
                                                                                                          32


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Convergence: IPTV

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Convergence: VoIP

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Convergence: ipod

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                                                                               35


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Change in Computing Environment

                       Main frame                        PC & the Internet                           Ubiquitous IT
                         1980s                                1990s                                  21st Century

           â€Ē many persons, one computer              â€Ē one person, one computer
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                                IBM




                                                       Wide spread use of Internet
                                               Network                       Broadband
                                                                                 Wireless
                                                                                                     Deluge of
                                                                                                     Bandwidth
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                                                                                                     Context
                                                                                                                Ubiquitous
                                                                                                                Ubiquitous
                 Scientific/Engineering
                      Calculation           OA (Word Processing etc)
                                                                     Intelligent Services
                                                                                                    awareness   Computing
                                                                                                                 Computing
                                                                       & entertainment
                                                                                                      Reduction
                                                                                                       of Size
                          Building-size
                          Building-                                           Palm-size
                                                                              Palm-
                           Mainframe                                                    Disappearing
                                                         Box-size
                                                         Box-                 Portable
                                                                                          Devices
                                                    Personal Computer          Devices

              Source : Restructured from Min-gyu Park(2003), “Ubiquitous Computing International Symposium”
                                                                                                                             36


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Ubiquitous Network Society
                   â€Ē Ubiquitous Networks: Networks That Anyone
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                      Can Use PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
                      Any Appliance
                   â€Ē Advances in broadband, mobile services, digital
                      broadcasting, and information terminals has led
                      and will lead to the development of ubiquitous
                      networks
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                                                                               37


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What will ICT bring?
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           http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_02/ict/u-japan_en/j_r-menu_u.html


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                                                                               38


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                                Social Implications of ICT: What will we
                                                 learn?
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                                                                               39


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  • 1. āļ—āđāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āļēāđƒāļˆāļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļŠāļē â€Ē āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļēāļ”āļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āļ•ïœŠāļ­āļ§āļīāļŠāļē Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). â€Ē āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļ™ â€Ē āļ•āđāļēāļĢāļē/āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļ­ïœ‹āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ‡ â€Ē āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 2 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 2. āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļ™ â€Ē Theme-based, practical, real situations Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). â€Ē āđ€āļ™ïœ‹āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠïœŠāļ§āļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄ āđāļšïœŠāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāļĄāļ­āļ āļīāļ›āļĢāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē â€Ē āļœāļđāļŠāļ­āļ™āļĄāļĩāļŦāļ™ïœ‹āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™ āļļ â€Ē āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ™āļ„āļ§ïœ‹āļēāļ”āļ§āļĒāļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āļ•āļēāļĄāļĢāļēāļĒāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļĩāļĒāļ”āđƒāļ™ āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 3 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 3. āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™ â€Ē Website Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). â€Ē āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļ•āđāļēāļĢāļēāļ•ïœŠāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ â€Ē āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļˆāļēāļāļŦāļ™ïœŠāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆ āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡: āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ—āļĻ āđāļŦāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī, āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠïœŽ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđāļŦāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī Changed with the DEMO VERSIONâ€Ē CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). of āļ‚āļēāļ§āļŠāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāđāļēāļ§āļąāļ™ 4 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 4. āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āđ€āļāđ‡āļš Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). āļ‡āļēāļ™āļāļĨāļļāļĄ w āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāđāļēāļŦāļ™āļ” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āđƒāļŦāļĄïœŠ (āļ•ïœ‹āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢ āļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāđāļēāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļïœŠāļ­āļ™) w āļˆāļąāļ”āļ—āđāļēāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļēāļ§āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 20-30 āļŦāļ™ïœ‹āļē āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļēāļĐ A4 w āļŠïœŠāļ‡āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļŠāļ­āļš Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 5 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 5. āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). - āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜ïœŽāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§ïœŠāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ - āļāļēāļĢāđāļžāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļ™āļ§āļąāļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 6 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 6. āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜ïœŽāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§ïœŠāļēāļ‡ āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Technological Determinism āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ Social Shaping of Technology Social Determinism 7 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 7. Technological Determinism â€Ē Technology = autonomous force that change society Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). â€Ē Technology is either a primary causal factor, the single most influential determinant, one-way street â€Ē Single innovation directly cause social change â€Ē Suspension of ethical judgment or social control. Tech becomes “end itself rather than a means to an end. â€Ē Technology is neutral or value-free, what counts is Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). not technology but the way we use tech. â€Ē The “scientist/technologist” knows best 8 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 8. Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). What about unintended consequences of technology? Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 9 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 9. Social Shaping of Technology â€Ē Society = autonomous force that change technology Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). â€Ē Technology = partially response of society to solve problems = so member of society should have at least some control over the application â€Ē Technology and development – not linear process â€Ē Emphasis shifted away from single invention to tech development (systems) occurs through time, Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). subject to a host of forces â€Ē Technology choice! 10 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 10. Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Demand Pull vs. Supply Push Debate on Innovation Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 11 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 11. āļ™āļ§āļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ: Innovation 1) Incremental Innovations Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). – continuous – small scale improvements - certain activity, industry, service – not always result from R&D programs 2) Radical Innovations – discontinuous events Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). – deliberate R&D activity – product, process, organizational innovations – but relatively small and localized impacts 12 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 12. āļ™āļ§āļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ: Innovation 3) Changes of “Technology System” Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). – Changes in technology -->affect economic sectors --> rise to entirely new sectors – combination of incremental and radical innovations plus organizational innovation in more than a few firms 4) Techno-Economic Paradigm – technological change --> changes in behaviour of the entire economy – Kondratieff cycles: successive waves of technical change Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 13 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 13. Kondratieff Cycle (50years cycle hypothesis) Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Steam Engine Telephone TV Computer ave ave ave ave ve 1st Wa 2nd W 3rd W 4th W 5th W Analog Electronics Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Digital Electronics Industry Information Revolution Renovation Source: Agricultural Industrial Information Dr.Park Society Society Society (ETRI) 1814 1873 1920 1973 2010-20xx 14 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 14. Technology Diffusion/Adoption â€Ē innovators - venturesome, educated, multiple info sources, greater propensity to Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). take risk â€Ē early adopters - social leaders, popular, educated â€Ē early majority - deliberate, many informal social contacts â€Ē late majority - skeptical, traditional, lower Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). socio-economic status â€Ē laggards - neighbours and friends are main info sources, fear of debt 15 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 15. Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 16 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 16. Five stages Model for Diffusion (Rogers) â€Ē Knowledge - learning about the existence and function of the innovation Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). â€Ē Persuasion - becoming convinced of the value of the innovation â€Ē Decision - committing to the adoption of the innovation Changed with the DEMO VERSIONâ€Ē CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). of Implementation - putting it to use â€Ē Confirmation - the ultimate acceptance (or rejection) of the innovation 17 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 17. Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Debate Revolution āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Evolution? Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 18 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 18. Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ—āļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 19 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 19. āļ„āđāļēāļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Information Communication Technology Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Infrastructure ??? 20 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 20. āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢ: Moore’s Law Figure 1 The M re's law: Developm .7: oo Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). ent u Capacity of from the4004 to the Pentium4 processor 100 000 000 Pentium IV semiconductor chips doubles every 18-24 10 000 000 PentiumIII months. Nu mbe r o f tran sistors PentiumPro 1 000 000 486DX Number of transistors on a chip: 1971: 2 300 (Intel 4004) 386DX 100 000 2000: 42 000 000 (Pentium IV) Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 8028 8086 10 000 8080 4004 1 000 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Source: Intel Museum. 21 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 21. āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢ: mobility Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 22 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 22. āļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•ïœŽāđāļ§āļĢ: āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ (Diversity) Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). â€Ē Developers – āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— Software, āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŪāļēāļĢāļ”āđāļ§āļĢ, āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļœāļđāđƒāļŠïœ‹ â€Ē āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Software – System, Application Tool, Application – Generic Software vs Specific Software â€Ē Hardware Platform Changed with the DEMO VERSIONâ€Ē CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). of Mode of Delivery: Package, Custom â€Ē Market: Domestic vs Export, Industrial Segment 23 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 23. āļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ•ïœŽāđāļ§āļĢ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). â€Ē āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ â€Ē “Intellectual Property Right” – Digital products – Copyright vs Patent â€Ē Open source Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 24 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 24. Broadcasting Technologies Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 25 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 25. āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļ„āļĄāļ™āļēāļ„āļĄ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 26 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 26. āļ—āđāļēāđ„āļĄāļ•ïœ‹āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•: Speed (Reaching the 50 million mark) Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 40 35 Years 30 25 20 15 Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 10 5 0 Radio PC TV Internet Years to reach 50 million mark 27 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 27. āļ—āđāļēāđ„āļĄāļ•ïœ‹āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđ€āļ™āđ‡āļ•: Diversified Applications Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 28 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 28. Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 29 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 29. Broadband â€Ē āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļŠïœŠāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ āļēāļž āļ”āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āļŠāļđāļ‡ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). – ITU: āļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§ïœŠāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļŠïœŠāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđāļšāļš ISDN – āļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™ moving targets â€Ē Always on â€Ē Killer applications? Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 30 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 30. āđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™ïœ‹āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Shortened Technology Life Cycle Convergence between Technologies Ambiguous Industry Boundaries Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Ubiquitous Society 31 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 31. āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļĨāļ­āļĄāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ Computers Broadcasting Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Connected to Broadband and networks cable services PC TV Mobile and Appliance Wireless Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Cable changes to wireless Electronic Games Telecommunications and Embedded Systems 32 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 32. Convergence: IPTV Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 33 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 33. Convergence: VoIP Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 34 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 34. Convergence: ipod Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 35 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 35. Change in Computing Environment Main frame PC & the Internet Ubiquitous IT 1980s 1990s 21st Century â€Ē many persons, one computer â€Ē one person, one computer Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). â€Ē one person, many computers IBM Wide spread use of Internet Network Broadband Wireless Deluge of Bandwidth Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Context Ubiquitous Ubiquitous Scientific/Engineering Calculation OA (Word Processing etc) Intelligent Services awareness Computing Computing & entertainment Reduction of Size Building-size Building- Palm-size Palm- Mainframe Disappearing Box-size Box- Portable Devices Personal Computer Devices Source : Restructured from Min-gyu Park(2003), “Ubiquitous Computing International Symposium” 36 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 36. Ubiquitous Network Society â€Ē Ubiquitous Networks: Networks That Anyone Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KASAny Time From Anywhere and from Can Use PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Any Appliance â€Ē Advances in broadband, mobile services, digital broadcasting, and information terminals has led and will lead to the development of ubiquitous networks Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 37 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 37. What will ICT bring? Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_02/ict/u-japan_en/j_r-menu_u.html Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 38 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).
  • 38. Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). Social Implications of ICT: What will we learn? Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com). 39 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Changed with the DEMO VERSION of CAD-KAS PDF-Editor (http://www.cadkas.com).