Implications of structural and chemical data bases
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Non-targeted screening, targeted screening and suspect screening, as well as “Known Unknowns” and “Unknown Unknowns” are now common terms in the field of water analysis. While data processing can be highly automated, the identification of chemicals from extracted masses, formulae or fragmentation utilizes reference spectral libraries or identification and ranking of tentative candidate lists from large structure libraries. The US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) provides access to data for ~875,000 substances, searchable by mass and formula and then ranked using associated meta-data. Cheminformatics approaches are also utilized to provide mapped relationships between individual substances and their “MS-Ready” (desalted, non-stereospecific) forms. This presentation will review how the freely available Dashboard application can be utilized to support structure identification using mass spectrometry and our efforts to enhance the application using computational spectral fragmentation and access to predicted data such as relative retention time index values and computed collision cross section values to support ion mobility spectrometry. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a web-based data resource to help ident...
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a web-based data resource to help ident...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Computational Toxicology Program integrates advances in biology, chemistry, and computer science to help prioritize chemicals for further research based on potential human health risks. This work involves computational and data driven approaches that integrate chemistry, exposure and biological data. As an outcome of these efforts the National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT) has measured, assembled and delivered an enormous quantity and diversity of data for the environmental sciences including high-throughput in vitro screening data, in vivo and functional use data, exposure models and chemical databases with associated properties. A series of software applications and databases have been produced over the past decade to deliver these data but recent developments have focused on the development of a new software architecture that assembles the resources into a single platform. A new web application, the CompTox Chemistry Dashboard provides access to data associated with ~720,000 chemical substances. These data include experimental and predicted physicochemical property data, bioassay screening data associated with the ToxCast program, product and functional use information and a myriad of related data of value to environmental scientists.
The dashboard provides chemical-based searching based on chemical names, synonyms and CAS Registry Numbers. Flexible search capabilities allow for chemical identification based on non-targeted analysis studies using mass spectrometry. Chemical identification using both mass and formula-based searching utilizes rank-ordering of results via functional use statistics, thereby providing a solution to help prioritize chemicals for further review when detected in environmental media.
This presentation will provide an overview of the CompTox Dashboard, its capabilities for delivering data to the environmental toxicology community and how the architecture provides a foundation for the development of additional applications to support chemical risk assessment. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.
The EPA Comptox Chemistry Dashboard: A Web-Based Data Integration Hub for Tox...
The EPA Comptox Chemistry Dashboard: A Web-Based Data Integration Hub for Tox...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
There is increasing interest in the environmental impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemicals and the aggregation of related data provides both agency and public access to support research. The US-EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~875,000 chemical substances, including thousands of PFAS chemicals. The dashboard provides access to a wide array of experimental and predicted physicochemical properties, in vitro bioactivity and in vivo toxicity data, product use information and integrated linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The assembly of data has required hundreds of hours of manual curation and data checking to deliver a number of segregated lists of PFAS chemicals. Experimental data extracted from literature articles has allowed the optimization of QSAR models for the prediction of properties such as logP (octanol-water partition) and aqueous solubility. This presentation will provide an overview of the dashboard, the ongoing expansion of the PFAS chemical library, with associated categorization, and new physicochemical property and environmental fate and transport QSAR prediction models being developed for these chemicals. Our progress in the measurement and analysis of bioactivity data for PFAS chemicals will also be reviewed. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.An integrated data hub for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemicals to suppo...
An integrated data hub for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemicals to suppo...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~875,000 chemical substances, the majority of these represented as chemical structures. The web application delivers a wide array of computed and measured physicochemical properties, in vitro high-throughput screening data and in vivo toxicity data, product use information extracted from safety data sheets, and integrated chemical linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The application provides access to segregated lists of chemicals that are of specific interest to relevant stakeholders, including Per- & Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) containing thousands of chemicals. A procured testing library of hundreds of PFAS chemicals annotated into chemical categories has also been integrated into the dashboard with a number of resulting benefits: a searchable database of chemical properties, with hazard and exposure predictions, and links to the open literature. Several specific search types have been developed to directly support the mass spectrometry non-targeted screening community, enabling cohesive workflows to support data generation for the detection and assessment of environmental exposures to chemicals contained within the database. This presentation will provide an overview of the dashboard, the ongoing expansion of the PFAS chemical library, with associated categorization, and new physicochemical property and environmental fate and transport QSAR prediction models developed for these chemicals. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard – a web-based database and information hub...
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard – a web-based database and information hub...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~770,000 chemical substances, the majority of these represented as chemical structures. The web application delivers a wide array of computed and measured physicochemical properties, in vitro high-throughput screening data and in vivo toxicity data, product use information extracted from safety data sheets, and integrated chemical linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The application provides access to segregated lists of chemicals that are of specific interest to relevant stakeholders, including Per- & Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) containing thousands of chemicals. A procured testing library of hundreds of PFAS chemicals annotated into chemical categories has been integrated into the dashboard with a number of resulting benefits: a searchable database of chemical properties, with hazard and exposure predictions, and links to the open literature. Several specific search types have been developed to directly support the mass spectrometry non-targeted screening community, enabling cohesive workflows to support data generation for the detection and assessment of environmental exposures to chemicals contained within DSSTox. This presentation will provide an overview of the dashboard, the ongoing expansion of the PFAS chemical library, with associated categorization, and new physicochemical property and environmental fate and transport QSAR prediction models developed for these chemicals. The application of the dashboard to support mass spectrometry non-targeted analysis studies for the identification of PFAS chemicals will also be reviewed. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard – an information hub for over five tho...
The US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard – an information hub for over five tho...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
There is increasing interest in the environmental impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemicals and the aggregation of related data provides both agency and public access to support research. The US-EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~900,000 chemical substances, including thousands of PFAS chemicals. The dashboard provides access to a wide array of experimental and predicted physicochemical properties, in vitro bioactivity and in vivo toxicity data, product use information and integrated linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The assembly of data has required hundreds of hours of manual curation and data checking to deliver a number of segregated lists of PFAS chemicals. Experimental data extracted from literature articles has allowed the optimization of QSAR models for the prediction of properties such as logP (octanol-water partition) and aqueous solubility. This presentation will provide an overview of the dashboard, the ongoing expansion of the PFAS chemical library, with associated categorization, and new physicochemical property and environmental fate and transport QSAR prediction models being developed for these chemicals. Our progress in the measurement and analysis of bioactivity data for PFAS chemicals will also be reviewed. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Delivering an integrated data hub for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemica...
Delivering an integrated data hub for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemica...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
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Non-targeted screening, targeted screening and suspect screening, as well as “Known Unknowns” and “Unknown Unknowns” are now common terms in the field of water analysis. While data processing can be highly automated, the identification of chemicals from extracted masses, formulae or fragmentation utilizes reference spectral libraries or identification and ranking of tentative candidate lists from large structure libraries. The US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) provides access to data for ~875,000 substances, searchable by mass and formula and then ranked using associated meta-data. Cheminformatics approaches are also utilized to provide mapped relationships between individual substances and their “MS-Ready” (desalted, non-stereospecific) forms. This presentation will review how the freely available Dashboard application can be utilized to support structure identification using mass spectrometry and our efforts to enhance the application using computational spectral fragmentation and access to predicted data such as relative retention time index values and computed collision cross section values to support ion mobility spectrometry. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a web-based data resource to help ident...
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a web-based data resource to help ident...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Computational Toxicology Program integrates advances in biology, chemistry, and computer science to help prioritize chemicals for further research based on potential human health risks. This work involves computational and data driven approaches that integrate chemistry, exposure and biological data. As an outcome of these efforts the National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT) has measured, assembled and delivered an enormous quantity and diversity of data for the environmental sciences including high-throughput in vitro screening data, in vivo and functional use data, exposure models and chemical databases with associated properties. A series of software applications and databases have been produced over the past decade to deliver these data but recent developments have focused on the development of a new software architecture that assembles the resources into a single platform. A new web application, the CompTox Chemistry Dashboard provides access to data associated with ~720,000 chemical substances. These data include experimental and predicted physicochemical property data, bioassay screening data associated with the ToxCast program, product and functional use information and a myriad of related data of value to environmental scientists.
The dashboard provides chemical-based searching based on chemical names, synonyms and CAS Registry Numbers. Flexible search capabilities allow for chemical identification based on non-targeted analysis studies using mass spectrometry. Chemical identification using both mass and formula-based searching utilizes rank-ordering of results via functional use statistics, thereby providing a solution to help prioritize chemicals for further review when detected in environmental media.
This presentation will provide an overview of the CompTox Dashboard, its capabilities for delivering data to the environmental toxicology community and how the architecture provides a foundation for the development of additional applications to support chemical risk assessment. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.
The EPA Comptox Chemistry Dashboard: A Web-Based Data Integration Hub for Tox...
The EPA Comptox Chemistry Dashboard: A Web-Based Data Integration Hub for Tox...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
There is increasing interest in the environmental impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemicals and the aggregation of related data provides both agency and public access to support research. The US-EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~875,000 chemical substances, including thousands of PFAS chemicals. The dashboard provides access to a wide array of experimental and predicted physicochemical properties, in vitro bioactivity and in vivo toxicity data, product use information and integrated linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The assembly of data has required hundreds of hours of manual curation and data checking to deliver a number of segregated lists of PFAS chemicals. Experimental data extracted from literature articles has allowed the optimization of QSAR models for the prediction of properties such as logP (octanol-water partition) and aqueous solubility. This presentation will provide an overview of the dashboard, the ongoing expansion of the PFAS chemical library, with associated categorization, and new physicochemical property and environmental fate and transport QSAR prediction models being developed for these chemicals. Our progress in the measurement and analysis of bioactivity data for PFAS chemicals will also be reviewed. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.An integrated data hub for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemicals to suppo...
An integrated data hub for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemicals to suppo...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~875,000 chemical substances, the majority of these represented as chemical structures. The web application delivers a wide array of computed and measured physicochemical properties, in vitro high-throughput screening data and in vivo toxicity data, product use information extracted from safety data sheets, and integrated chemical linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The application provides access to segregated lists of chemicals that are of specific interest to relevant stakeholders, including Per- & Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) containing thousands of chemicals. A procured testing library of hundreds of PFAS chemicals annotated into chemical categories has also been integrated into the dashboard with a number of resulting benefits: a searchable database of chemical properties, with hazard and exposure predictions, and links to the open literature. Several specific search types have been developed to directly support the mass spectrometry non-targeted screening community, enabling cohesive workflows to support data generation for the detection and assessment of environmental exposures to chemicals contained within the database. This presentation will provide an overview of the dashboard, the ongoing expansion of the PFAS chemical library, with associated categorization, and new physicochemical property and environmental fate and transport QSAR prediction models developed for these chemicals. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard – a web-based database and information hub...
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard – a web-based database and information hub...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~770,000 chemical substances, the majority of these represented as chemical structures. The web application delivers a wide array of computed and measured physicochemical properties, in vitro high-throughput screening data and in vivo toxicity data, product use information extracted from safety data sheets, and integrated chemical linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The application provides access to segregated lists of chemicals that are of specific interest to relevant stakeholders, including Per- & Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) containing thousands of chemicals. A procured testing library of hundreds of PFAS chemicals annotated into chemical categories has been integrated into the dashboard with a number of resulting benefits: a searchable database of chemical properties, with hazard and exposure predictions, and links to the open literature. Several specific search types have been developed to directly support the mass spectrometry non-targeted screening community, enabling cohesive workflows to support data generation for the detection and assessment of environmental exposures to chemicals contained within DSSTox. This presentation will provide an overview of the dashboard, the ongoing expansion of the PFAS chemical library, with associated categorization, and new physicochemical property and environmental fate and transport QSAR prediction models developed for these chemicals. The application of the dashboard to support mass spectrometry non-targeted analysis studies for the identification of PFAS chemicals will also be reviewed. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard – an information hub for over five tho...
The US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard – an information hub for over five tho...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
There is increasing interest in the environmental impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemicals and the aggregation of related data provides both agency and public access to support research. The US-EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~900,000 chemical substances, including thousands of PFAS chemicals. The dashboard provides access to a wide array of experimental and predicted physicochemical properties, in vitro bioactivity and in vivo toxicity data, product use information and integrated linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The assembly of data has required hundreds of hours of manual curation and data checking to deliver a number of segregated lists of PFAS chemicals. Experimental data extracted from literature articles has allowed the optimization of QSAR models for the prediction of properties such as logP (octanol-water partition) and aqueous solubility. This presentation will provide an overview of the dashboard, the ongoing expansion of the PFAS chemical library, with associated categorization, and new physicochemical property and environmental fate and transport QSAR prediction models being developed for these chemicals. Our progress in the measurement and analysis of bioactivity data for PFAS chemicals will also be reviewed. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Delivering an integrated data hub for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemica...
Delivering an integrated data hub for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemica...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (available at https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is the latest in a suite of dashboards that have been delivered to the community by EPA’s National Center for Computational Toxicology. The dashboard delivers access to data for >875,000 chemicals and includes experimental and predicted physicochemical properties, hazard and exposure data, access to Toxcast/Tox21 bioactivity screening data and provides a link farm to dozens of other online resources. The dashboard delivers access to data with a variety of powerful search capabilities including searching by chemical identifier (e.g. CAS Number or Name), by commercial product type, or by mass or formula. Searches can be performed one chemical at a time or in batches of thousands. Whether you are a chemist, an analytical scientist or a toxicologist the dashboard is of value as it seamlessly integrates data from dozens of databases into a web-based user experience. Other integrated modules include real-time physicochemical and toxicity endpoint prediction and an integrated search to PubMed and almost 30 million publication abstracts. The data and functionality available via the dashboard can be of value in terms of decontamination by providing access to data to assist in detection (specifically via mass spectrometric detection), accessing literature and potential decontamination approaches associated with specific chemicals, and access to toxicity values for chemicals such as Military Exposure Guidelines. This presentation will provide an overview of the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard and how it has developed into an integrated data hub for environmental data. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyEPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a Data Integration Hub for Environmental C...
EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a Data Integration Hub for Environmental C...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) uses high-resolution mass spectrometry to better understand the identity of a wide variety of chemicals present in environmental samples (and other matrices). However, data processing remains challenging due to the vast number of chemicals detected in samples, software and computational requirements of data processing, and inherent uncertainty in confidently identifying chemicals from candidate lists. Analysis of the resultant mass spectrometry information relies on cheminformatics to identify and rank chemicals and the US EPA has developed functionality within the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) to address challenges related to this analysis. These tools include the generation of “MS-Ready” structures to optimize database searching, retention time prediction for candidate reduction, consensus ranking using chemical metadata, and in silico MS/MS fragmentation prediction for spectral matching. Combining these tools into a comprehensive workflow improves certainty in candidate identification. This presentation will review how the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard via its flexible search capabilities, rich data for ~900,000 chemical substances, and visualization approaches within this open chemistry resource provides a freely available software tool to support structure identification and NTA. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Non-targeted analysis supported by data and cheminformatics delivered via the...
Non-targeted analysis supported by data and cheminformatics delivered via the...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
EPA’s National Center for Computational Toxicology is developing automated workflows for curating large databases within the DSSTox project and for providing accurate linkages of data to chemical structures, exposure, and hazard data. The data are made available via the EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard1 (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard), a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~875,000 chemical substances, the majority of these represented with chemical structures. The web application delivers a wide array of computed and measured physicochemical properties, in vitro high-throughput screening data and in vivo toxicity data, and linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The dashboard version 3:March 2019 release includes support for the invitroDBv3.1 data release2 and includes new functionality to interact with all ToxCast and Tox21 data with the intention of replacing the previously available EDSP21 and ToxCast dashboards. The previous dashboards will be retired in summer 2019.
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard: Bioactivity Data for Endocrine Assays
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard: Bioactivity Data for Endocrine AssaysUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Researchers at EPA’s National Center for Computational Toxicology integrate advances in biology, chemistry, and computer science to examine the toxicity of chemicals and help prioritize chemicals for further research based on potential human health risks. The goal of this research program is to quickly evaluate thousands of chemicals, but at a much reduced cost and shorter time frame relative to traditional approaches. The data generated by the Center includes characterization of thousands of chemicals across hundreds of high-throughput screening assays, consumer use and production information, pharmacokinetic properties, literature data, physical-chemical properties as well as the predictive computational modeling of toxicity and exposure. We have developed a number of databases and applications to deliver the data to the public, academic community, industry stakeholders, and regulators. This presentation will provide an overview of our work to develop an architecture that integrates diverse large-scale data from the chemical and biological domains, our approaches to disseminate these data, and the delivery of models supporting predictive computational toxicology. In particular, this presentation will review our new CompTox Chemistry Dashboard and the developing architecture to support real-time property and toxicity endpoint prediction. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.New developments in delivering public access to data from the National Center...
New developments in delivering public access to data from the National Center...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
This is a presentation given at the Opal Events meeting ""Drug Discovery Partnerships: Filling the Pipeline". I was speaking in a session with Jean-Claude Bradley regarding "Pre-competitive Collaboration: Sharing Data to Increase Predictability". This presentation discussed some of the work we are doing on Open PHACTS. My thanks especially to Carole Goble, Lee Harland and Sean Ekins for their comments. Online Resources to Support Open Drug Discovery Systems
Online Resources to Support Open Drug Discovery SystemsUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The internet has changed the way we access chemistry data as well as providing access to data that can quickly proliferate and becomes referenceable. Web access to chemical structures and their integration with biological data has become massively enabling with numbers for UniChem, PubChem and ChemSpider reaching 157, 97 and 71 million respectively (at the time of writing). A range of specialist databases small enough to be curated have stand-alone utility and synergies when integrated into the larger collections. These include DrugBank, BindingDB, ChEBI, and many others. Databases of any size have inherent quality challenges but at large scale various forms of “noise” accumulate to problematic levels. The unfortunate consequence is that “bigger gets worse”. This is particularly associated with large uncurated submissions from vendors and automated document extractions (even though these are high-value). Virtual enumerations and circularity between overlapping sources add to the problem. As a result of some of the noise in the larger databases the value becomes highly dependent on the specific applications. An example includes using the databases to support non-targeted analysis. This presentation covers examples of these noise and quality issues and suggests at least some options to ameliorate the problem. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Does bigger mean better in the world of chemistry databases?
Does bigger mean better in the world of chemistry databases? US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
EPA’s National Center for Computational Toxicology is developing automated workflows for curating large databases and providing accurate linkages of data to chemical structures, exposure and hazard information. The data are being made available via the EPA’s CompTox Chemistry Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard), a publicly accessible website providing access to data for almost 760,000 chemical substances, the majority of these represented as chemical structures. The web application delivers a wide array of computed and measured physicochemical properties, in vitro high-throughput screening data and in vivo toxicity data as well as integrated chemical linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. In addition, several specific search types are in development to directly support the mass spectroscopy non-targeted screening community, who are generating important data for detecting and assessing environmental exposures to chemicals contained within DSSTox. The application provides access to segregated lists of chemicals that are of specific interests to relevant stakeholders including, for example, scientists interested in algal toxins and hydraulic fracturing chemicals. This presentation will provide an overview of the challenges associated with the curation of data from EPA’s December 2016 Hydraulic Fracturing Drinking Water Assessment Report that represented chemicals reported to be used in hydraulic fracturing fluids and those found in produced water. The data have been integrated into the dashboard with a number of resulting benefits: a searchable database of chemical properties, with hazard and exposure predictions, and open literature. The application of the dashboard to support mass spectrometry non-targeted analysis studies will also be reviewed. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.Accessing information for chemicals in hydraulic fracturing fluids using the ...
Accessing information for chemicals in hydraulic fracturing fluids using the ...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The iCSS CompTox Chemistry Dashboard is a publicly accessible dashboard provided by the National Center for Computation Toxicology at the US-EPA. It serves a number of purposes, including providing a chemistry database underpinning many of our public-facing projects (e.g. ToxCast and ExpoCast). The available data and searches provide a valuable path to structure identification using mass spectrometry as the source data. With an underlying database of over 720,000 chemicals, the dashboard has already been used to assist in identifying chemicals present in house dust. This poster reviews the benefits of the EPA’s platform and underlying algorithms used for the purpose of compound identification using high-resolution mass spectrometry data. Standard approaches for both mass and formula lookup are available but the dashboard delivers a novel approach for hit ranking based on functional use of the chemicals. The focus on high-quality data, novel ranking approaches and integration to other resources of value to mass spectrometrists makes the CompTox Dashboard a valuable resource for the identification of environmental chemicals. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
There is a growing need for rapid chemical screening and prioritization to inform regulatory decision-making on thousands of chemicals in the environment. We have previously used high-resolution mass spectrometry to examine household vacuum dust samples using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Using a combination of exact mass, isotope distribution, and isotope spacing, molecular features were matched with a list of chemical formulas from the EPA’s Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) database. This has further developed our understanding of how openly available chemical databases, together with the appropriate searches, could be used for the purpose of compound identification. We report here on the utility of the EPA’s iCSS Chemistry Dashboard for the purpose of compound identification using searches against a database of over 720,000 chemicals. We also examine the benefits of QSAR prediction for the purpose of retention time prediction to allow for alignment of both chromatographic and mass spectral properties. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
There is a growing need for rapid chemical screening and prioritization to inform regulatory decision-making on thousands of chemicals in the environment. We have previously used high-resolution mass spectrometry to examine household vacuum dust samples using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Using a combination of exact mass, isotope distribution, and isotope spacing, molecular features were matched with a list of chemical formulas from the EPA’s Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) database. This has further developed our understanding of how openly available chemical databases, together with the appropriate searches, could be used for the purpose of compound identification. We report here on the utility of the EPA’s iCSS Chemistry Dashboard for the purpose of compound identification using searches against a database of over 720,000 chemicals. We also examine the benefits of QSAR prediction for the purpose of retention time prediction to allow for alignment of both chromatographic and mass spectral properties. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.The EPA iCSS Chemistry Dashboard to Support Compound Identification Using Hig...
The EPA iCSS Chemistry Dashboard to Support Compound Identification Using Hig...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
In recent years the Royal Society of Chemistry has become known for our development of freely accessible data platforms including ChemSpider, ChemSpider Reactions and our new chemistry data repository. In order to support drug discovery RSC participates in a number of projects including the Open PHACTS semantic web project, the PharmaSea natural products discovery project and the Open Source Drug Discovery project in collaboration with a team in India. Our most recent developments include extending our efforts to support neglected diseases by the provision of high quality datasets resulting from our curation efforts to support modeling, the delivery of enhanced application programming interfaces to allow open source drug discovery teams to both source and deposit data from our chemistry databases and the provision of a micropublishing platform to report on various aspects of work supporting neglected disease drug discovery. This presentation will review our existing efforts and our plans for extended development. Royal society of chemistry developments to support open drug discovery
Royal society of chemistry developments to support open drug discoveryUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
주일예배20170115 주일예배, 눅07장11 17절, 성도여 일어나라 - 예배
20170115 주일예배, 눅07장11 17절, 성도여 일어나라 - 예배Myoung-Ryun Mission Presbyterian Church
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The CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (available at https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) is the latest in a suite of dashboards that have been delivered to the community by EPA’s National Center for Computational Toxicology. The dashboard delivers access to data for >875,000 chemicals and includes experimental and predicted physicochemical properties, hazard and exposure data, access to Toxcast/Tox21 bioactivity screening data and provides a link farm to dozens of other online resources. The dashboard delivers access to data with a variety of powerful search capabilities including searching by chemical identifier (e.g. CAS Number or Name), by commercial product type, or by mass or formula. Searches can be performed one chemical at a time or in batches of thousands. Whether you are a chemist, an analytical scientist or a toxicologist the dashboard is of value as it seamlessly integrates data from dozens of databases into a web-based user experience. Other integrated modules include real-time physicochemical and toxicity endpoint prediction and an integrated search to PubMed and almost 30 million publication abstracts. The data and functionality available via the dashboard can be of value in terms of decontamination by providing access to data to assist in detection (specifically via mass spectrometric detection), accessing literature and potential decontamination approaches associated with specific chemicals, and access to toxicity values for chemicals such as Military Exposure Guidelines. This presentation will provide an overview of the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard and how it has developed into an integrated data hub for environmental data. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyEPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a Data Integration Hub for Environmental C...
EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a Data Integration Hub for Environmental C...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) uses high-resolution mass spectrometry to better understand the identity of a wide variety of chemicals present in environmental samples (and other matrices). However, data processing remains challenging due to the vast number of chemicals detected in samples, software and computational requirements of data processing, and inherent uncertainty in confidently identifying chemicals from candidate lists. Analysis of the resultant mass spectrometry information relies on cheminformatics to identify and rank chemicals and the US EPA has developed functionality within the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard) to address challenges related to this analysis. These tools include the generation of “MS-Ready” structures to optimize database searching, retention time prediction for candidate reduction, consensus ranking using chemical metadata, and in silico MS/MS fragmentation prediction for spectral matching. Combining these tools into a comprehensive workflow improves certainty in candidate identification. This presentation will review how the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard via its flexible search capabilities, rich data for ~900,000 chemical substances, and visualization approaches within this open chemistry resource provides a freely available software tool to support structure identification and NTA. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Non-targeted analysis supported by data and cheminformatics delivered via the...
Non-targeted analysis supported by data and cheminformatics delivered via the...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
EPA’s National Center for Computational Toxicology is developing automated workflows for curating large databases within the DSSTox project and for providing accurate linkages of data to chemical structures, exposure, and hazard data. The data are made available via the EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard1 (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard), a publicly accessible website providing access to data for ~875,000 chemical substances, the majority of these represented with chemical structures. The web application delivers a wide array of computed and measured physicochemical properties, in vitro high-throughput screening data and in vivo toxicity data, and linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. The dashboard version 3:March 2019 release includes support for the invitroDBv3.1 data release2 and includes new functionality to interact with all ToxCast and Tox21 data with the intention of replacing the previously available EDSP21 and ToxCast dashboards. The previous dashboards will be retired in summer 2019.
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard: Bioactivity Data for Endocrine Assays
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard: Bioactivity Data for Endocrine AssaysUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Researchers at EPA’s National Center for Computational Toxicology integrate advances in biology, chemistry, and computer science to examine the toxicity of chemicals and help prioritize chemicals for further research based on potential human health risks. The goal of this research program is to quickly evaluate thousands of chemicals, but at a much reduced cost and shorter time frame relative to traditional approaches. The data generated by the Center includes characterization of thousands of chemicals across hundreds of high-throughput screening assays, consumer use and production information, pharmacokinetic properties, literature data, physical-chemical properties as well as the predictive computational modeling of toxicity and exposure. We have developed a number of databases and applications to deliver the data to the public, academic community, industry stakeholders, and regulators. This presentation will provide an overview of our work to develop an architecture that integrates diverse large-scale data from the chemical and biological domains, our approaches to disseminate these data, and the delivery of models supporting predictive computational toxicology. In particular, this presentation will review our new CompTox Chemistry Dashboard and the developing architecture to support real-time property and toxicity endpoint prediction. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.New developments in delivering public access to data from the National Center...
New developments in delivering public access to data from the National Center...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
This is a presentation given at the Opal Events meeting ""Drug Discovery Partnerships: Filling the Pipeline". I was speaking in a session with Jean-Claude Bradley regarding "Pre-competitive Collaboration: Sharing Data to Increase Predictability". This presentation discussed some of the work we are doing on Open PHACTS. My thanks especially to Carole Goble, Lee Harland and Sean Ekins for their comments. Online Resources to Support Open Drug Discovery Systems
Online Resources to Support Open Drug Discovery SystemsUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The internet has changed the way we access chemistry data as well as providing access to data that can quickly proliferate and becomes referenceable. Web access to chemical structures and their integration with biological data has become massively enabling with numbers for UniChem, PubChem and ChemSpider reaching 157, 97 and 71 million respectively (at the time of writing). A range of specialist databases small enough to be curated have stand-alone utility and synergies when integrated into the larger collections. These include DrugBank, BindingDB, ChEBI, and many others. Databases of any size have inherent quality challenges but at large scale various forms of “noise” accumulate to problematic levels. The unfortunate consequence is that “bigger gets worse”. This is particularly associated with large uncurated submissions from vendors and automated document extractions (even though these are high-value). Virtual enumerations and circularity between overlapping sources add to the problem. As a result of some of the noise in the larger databases the value becomes highly dependent on the specific applications. An example includes using the databases to support non-targeted analysis. This presentation covers examples of these noise and quality issues and suggests at least some options to ameliorate the problem. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Does bigger mean better in the world of chemistry databases?
Does bigger mean better in the world of chemistry databases? US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
EPA’s National Center for Computational Toxicology is developing automated workflows for curating large databases and providing accurate linkages of data to chemical structures, exposure and hazard information. The data are being made available via the EPA’s CompTox Chemistry Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard), a publicly accessible website providing access to data for almost 760,000 chemical substances, the majority of these represented as chemical structures. The web application delivers a wide array of computed and measured physicochemical properties, in vitro high-throughput screening data and in vivo toxicity data as well as integrated chemical linkages to a growing list of literature, toxicology, and analytical chemistry websites. In addition, several specific search types are in development to directly support the mass spectroscopy non-targeted screening community, who are generating important data for detecting and assessing environmental exposures to chemicals contained within DSSTox. The application provides access to segregated lists of chemicals that are of specific interests to relevant stakeholders including, for example, scientists interested in algal toxins and hydraulic fracturing chemicals. This presentation will provide an overview of the challenges associated with the curation of data from EPA’s December 2016 Hydraulic Fracturing Drinking Water Assessment Report that represented chemicals reported to be used in hydraulic fracturing fluids and those found in produced water. The data have been integrated into the dashboard with a number of resulting benefits: a searchable database of chemical properties, with hazard and exposure predictions, and open literature. The application of the dashboard to support mass spectrometry non-targeted analysis studies will also be reviewed. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.Accessing information for chemicals in hydraulic fracturing fluids using the ...
Accessing information for chemicals in hydraulic fracturing fluids using the ...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The iCSS CompTox Chemistry Dashboard is a publicly accessible dashboard provided by the National Center for Computation Toxicology at the US-EPA. It serves a number of purposes, including providing a chemistry database underpinning many of our public-facing projects (e.g. ToxCast and ExpoCast). The available data and searches provide a valuable path to structure identification using mass spectrometry as the source data. With an underlying database of over 720,000 chemicals, the dashboard has already been used to assist in identifying chemicals present in house dust. This poster reviews the benefits of the EPA’s platform and underlying algorithms used for the purpose of compound identification using high-resolution mass spectrometry data. Standard approaches for both mass and formula lookup are available but the dashboard delivers a novel approach for hit ranking based on functional use of the chemicals. The focus on high-quality data, novel ranking approaches and integration to other resources of value to mass spectrometrists makes the CompTox Dashboard a valuable resource for the identification of environmental chemicals. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
There is a growing need for rapid chemical screening and prioritization to inform regulatory decision-making on thousands of chemicals in the environment. We have previously used high-resolution mass spectrometry to examine household vacuum dust samples using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Using a combination of exact mass, isotope distribution, and isotope spacing, molecular features were matched with a list of chemical formulas from the EPA’s Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) database. This has further developed our understanding of how openly available chemical databases, together with the appropriate searches, could be used for the purpose of compound identification. We report here on the utility of the EPA’s iCSS Chemistry Dashboard for the purpose of compound identification using searches against a database of over 720,000 chemicals. We also examine the benefits of QSAR prediction for the purpose of retention time prediction to allow for alignment of both chromatographic and mass spectral properties. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
There is a growing need for rapid chemical screening and prioritization to inform regulatory decision-making on thousands of chemicals in the environment. We have previously used high-resolution mass spectrometry to examine household vacuum dust samples using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Using a combination of exact mass, isotope distribution, and isotope spacing, molecular features were matched with a list of chemical formulas from the EPA’s Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) database. This has further developed our understanding of how openly available chemical databases, together with the appropriate searches, could be used for the purpose of compound identification. We report here on the utility of the EPA’s iCSS Chemistry Dashboard for the purpose of compound identification using searches against a database of over 720,000 chemicals. We also examine the benefits of QSAR prediction for the purpose of retention time prediction to allow for alignment of both chromatographic and mass spectral properties. This abstract does not reflect U.S. EPA policy.The EPA iCSS Chemistry Dashboard to Support Compound Identification Using Hig...
The EPA iCSS Chemistry Dashboard to Support Compound Identification Using Hig...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
In recent years the Royal Society of Chemistry has become known for our development of freely accessible data platforms including ChemSpider, ChemSpider Reactions and our new chemistry data repository. In order to support drug discovery RSC participates in a number of projects including the Open PHACTS semantic web project, the PharmaSea natural products discovery project and the Open Source Drug Discovery project in collaboration with a team in India. Our most recent developments include extending our efforts to support neglected diseases by the provision of high quality datasets resulting from our curation efforts to support modeling, the delivery of enhanced application programming interfaces to allow open source drug discovery teams to both source and deposit data from our chemistry databases and the provision of a micropublishing platform to report on various aspects of work supporting neglected disease drug discovery. This presentation will review our existing efforts and our plans for extended development. Royal society of chemistry developments to support open drug discovery
Royal society of chemistry developments to support open drug discoveryUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Was ist angesagt? (17)
EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a Data Integration Hub for Environmental C...
EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard as a Data Integration Hub for Environmental C...
OECD Green Talks LIVE: Global eChemPortal to information on chemical substances
OECD Green Talks LIVE: Global eChemPortal to information on chemical substances
Non-targeted analysis supported by data and cheminformatics delivered via the...
Non-targeted analysis supported by data and cheminformatics delivered via the...
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard: Bioactivity Data for Endocrine Assays
US-EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard: Bioactivity Data for Endocrine Assays
OECD Green Talks LIVE: Global eChemPortal to information on chemical substances
OECD Green Talks LIVE: Global eChemPortal to information on chemical substances
OECD Green Talks LIVE: Global eChemPortal to information on chemical substances
OECD Green Talks LIVE: Global eChemPortal to information on chemical substances
New developments in delivering public access to data from the National Center...
New developments in delivering public access to data from the National Center...
Online Resources to Support Open Drug Discovery Systems
Online Resources to Support Open Drug Discovery Systems
Does bigger mean better in the world of chemistry databases?
Does bigger mean better in the world of chemistry databases?
Accessing information for chemicals in hydraulic fracturing fluids using the ...
Accessing information for chemicals in hydraulic fracturing fluids using the ...
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
Structure Identification Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data and the...
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
Environmental Chemistry Compound Identification Using High Resolution Mass Sp...
The EPA iCSS Chemistry Dashboard to Support Compound Identification Using Hig...
The EPA iCSS Chemistry Dashboard to Support Compound Identification Using Hig...
Developments in Metabolomics leading to PhenoMeNal
Developments in Metabolomics leading to PhenoMeNal
Royal society of chemistry developments to support open drug discovery
Royal society of chemistry developments to support open drug discovery
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Web-based technologies coupled with a drive for improved communication between scientists have resulted in the proliferation of scientific opinion, data and knowledge at an ever-increasing rate. The increasing array of chemistry-related computer-based resources now available provides chemists with a direct path to the discovery of information, once previously accessed via library services and limited to commercial and costly resources. We propose that preclinical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity data as well as pharmacokinetic properties from studies published in the literature (which use animal or human tissues in vitro or from in vivo studies) are precompetitive in nature and should be freely available on the web. This could be made possible by curating the literature and patents, data donations from pharmaceutical companies and by expanding the currently freely available ChemSpider database of over 21 million molecules with physicochemical properties. This will require linkage to PubMed, PubChem and Wikipedia as well as other frequently used public databases that are currently used, mining the full text publications to extract the pertinent experimental data. These data will need to be extracted using automated and manual methods, cleaned and then published to the ChemSpider or other database such that it will be freely available to the biomedical research and clinical communities. The value of the data being accessible will improve development of drug molecules with good ADME/Tox properties, facilitate computational model building for these properties and enable researchers to not repeat the failures of past drug discovery studies.Precompetitive preclinical ADME/tox data and set it free on the web to facili...
Precompetitive preclinical ADME/tox data and set it free on the web to facili...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
The internet continues to offer increased access to chemistry data that may be of value to scientists interested in populating systems containing reference toxicology data as well as to provide data for the development of predictive models. This presentation will give an overview of some of the various sources of data available via the internet, provide an overview of some of the challenges associated with gathering high-quality data and discuss methods by which to mesh together disparate data sources.Sourcing high quality online data resources for computational toxicology
Sourcing high quality online data resources for computational toxicologyUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
Previously, we developed a combined dictionary dubbed Chemlist for the identification of small molecules and drugs in text based on a number of publicly available databases and tested it on an annotated corpus. To achieve an acceptable recall and precision we used a number of automatic and semi-automatic processing steps together with disambiguation rules. However, it remained to be investigated which impact an extensive manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary would have on chemical term identification in text. ChemSpider is a chemical database that has undergone extensive manual curation aimed at establishing valid chemical name-to-structure relationships.Automatic vs manual curation of a multisource chemical dictionary
Automatic vs manual curation of a multisource chemical dictionaryUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
ChemSpider was developed with the intention of aggregating and indexing available sources of chemical structures and their associated information into a single searchable repository and making it available to everybody, at no charge. There are many tens of chemical structure databases such as literature data, chemical vendor catalogs, molecular properties, environmental data, toxicity data, analytical data etc. and no single way to search across them. Despite the diversity of databases available online their inherent quality, accuracy and completeness is lacking in many regards. ChemSpider was established to provide a platform whereby the chemistry community could contribute to cleaning up the data, improving the quality of data online and expanding the information available to include data such as reaction syntheses, analytical data and experimental properties. ChemSpider has now grown into a database of well over 20 million chemical substances integrated with over 300 disparate data sources, many of these directly supporting the Life Sciences. This presentation will provide an overview of our efforts to improve the quality of data online, to provide a foundation for the semantic web for chemistry and to provide access to a set online tools and services to support access to these data. I will also discuss how ChemSpider is being used to enhance Semantic Publishing in Chemistry at RSC. ChemSpider – A Platform to Gather, Host and Integrate Structure Based Data Ac...
ChemSpider – A Platform to Gather, Host and Integrate Structure Based Data Ac...US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
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Implications of structural and chemical data bases
- 1. B Y P . B H A V I T H A IMPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL DATA BASES
- 2. STUCTURAL DATA BASES: A structure database has all the structural information of proteins. Structure databases are to organize and annotate the protein structures, by providing the biological community access to the experimental data in a useful way. Protein structure databases are critical for many efforts in computational biology such as structure based drug design, both in developing the computational methods used and in providing a large experimental dataset. Database entry is enriched with bibliographic, chemical and physical property information, adding further value to the raw structural data. The CSD is continually updated with new structures (>40,000 new structures each year) and with improvements to existing entries.
- 3. CHEMICAL DATABASES: Medicinal Chemistry is an unrivaled solution for early drug development, guaranteeing access to clean chemistry and bioactivity data. A chemical database is a data base specifically designed to store chemical information that is about chemical and crystal structures, spectra, reactions and syntheses, and thermo-physical data. It’s the fastest route to chemistry answers about structure–activity relationship profiles, ADMET properties and compound–target interactions. The data are carefully curated to ensure quality and is designed to accelerate the identification of the best drug candidates. Helps in the comparisons of the potential drug candidates in terms of their affinities for the target as well as their toxicity, efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics profiles .
- 4. THANK YOU