1. INDEX
I. INTRODUCTION
1. DEFINITION OF SPORTS
2. IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF SPORTS
3. CATEGORIZATION OF SPORTS
i. INDOOR SPORTS
a) Badminton
b) Boxing
c) Chess
d) Table tennis
e) Squash
f) Billiards
g) Bowling
h) Kabaddi
i) Swimming
j) Carroms
k) Futsal
ii. OUTDOOR SPORTS
a) Cricket
b) Soccer
c) Hockey
d) Tennis
e) Motor sports
f) Basket ball
g) Wrestling
h) Golf
i) Rugby
j) Volley ball
k) Baseball

2. 1.DEFINITION OF SPORTS:
The Word 'Sport' comes from the old French word called Desport which means "Leisure", but
this word has changed its connotation with the passing time. Now sports are no longer
believed to be practiced only in leisure time. Today they are one of the major parameters to
judge a country's development and growth and are fast becoming great career options for the
future generations.
A sport is commonly defined as an organized, competitive, and skillful physical activity
requiring commitment and fair play. It is governed by a set of rules or customs. In a sport the
key factors are the physical capabilities and skills of the competitor when determining the
outcome (winning or losing). The physical activity involves the movement of people, animals
and/or a variety of objects such as balls and machines. In contrast, games such as card games
and board games, though these could be called mind sports, require only mental skills. Non-
competitive activities such as jogging and rock-climbing are usually classified as recreations.
Physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first often define the result of a sport.
However the degree of skill in some sports such as diving, dressage and figure skating is
judged according to well-defined criteria. This is in contrast with other judged activities such
as beauty pageants and body-building shows, where skill does not have to be shown and the
criteria are not as well defined.
Accurate records are kept and updated for most sports at the highest levels, while failures and
accomplishments are widely announced in sport news. Sports are most often played just for
fun or for the simple fact that people need exercise to stay in good physical condition.
However professional sport is a major source of entertainment.
Although they do not always succeed, sports participants are expected to display good
sportsmanship, standards of conduct such as being respectful of opponents and officials, and
congratulating the winner when losing.
The precise definition of what separates a sport from other leisure activities varies between
sources. The closest to an international agreement on a definition is provided
by SportAccord, which is the association for all the largest international sports federations
(including association football, athletics, cycling, tennis, equestrian sports and more), and is
therefore the de facto representative of international sport.
SportAccord uses the following criteria, determining that a sport should:
 Have an element of competition.
 Be in no way harmful to any living creature.
 not rely on equipment provided by a single supplier (excluding proprietary games such
as arena football)
 Not rely on any "luck" element specifically designed into the sport.

3. SSPPOORRTTSS IINN IINNDDIIAA::
India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.
Cricket is the most popular sport. Football is the popular sport in some of the Indian states.
The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey, another popular game in
India. Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India. Several games originated in
India including Chess, Snooker and other regional games. India has won medals in
Badminton, Kabaddi, Hockey and many other sports and disciplines. Till today, Cricket is the
most played sport followed by Badminton and Football.Cricket is also the most popular sport
in India, the other popular spots being Badminton, Football, Tennis, Hockey, and Kabaddi.
India also hosts several major events associated with Tennis, Badminton, Hockey etc.India
hosted and co-hosted several international sporting events, including the 1951 and 1982
Asian Games, the 1987, 1996 and 2011 Cricket World Cup, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the
2010 Hockey World Cup and the 2010 Commonwealth Games. The Indian Premier League
(IPL) is a premier twenty20 cricket league held every year from 2008. The Indian Super
League is a football league tournament held since 2014. Major international sporting events
annually held in India include the Chennai Open in tennis, the Indian Masters in golf. From
2011 to 2013, India hosted the Indian Grand Prix Formula 1 race at the Buddh International
Circuit, Greater Noida. The National Games of India is a national domestic sports event,
which has been held in the country since 1924.It will host the FIFA U-17 world cup 2017.
BBeeffoorree IInnddeeppeennddeennccee::
The history of sports in India dates back to the Vedic era. Physical culture in ancient India
was fuelled by religious rights. The mantra in the Atharvanaveda, says, "Duty is in my right
hand and the fruits of victory in my left." In terms of an ideal, these words hold the same
sentiments as the traditional Olympic Oath: "For the Honour of my Country and the Glory of
Sport." Badminton probably originated in India as a grownup's version of a very old
children's game known in England as Battledore and Shuttlecock, the battledore being a
paddle and the shuttlecock a small feathered cork, now usually called a "bird." Games like
chess(chaturanga), snakes and ladders, playing cards, originated in India, and it was from
here that these games were transmitted to foreign countries, where they were further
modernized.
AAfftteerr IInnddeeppeennddeennccee::
India hosted the Asian Games in New Delhi in 1951 and 1982. The Ministry of Youth
Affairs and Sports was initially set up as the Department of Sports in 1982 at the time of
organization of the IX Asian Games in New Delhi. Its name was changed to the Department
of Youth Affairs & Sports during celebration of the International Youth Year in 1985.India
has also hosted or co-hosted several international sporting events, including the 1951 and the
1982 Asian Games, the 1987 and 1996 Cricket World Cup, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the
2010 Hockey World Cup, and the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Major international sporting
events annually held in India include the Chennai Open, Mumbai Marathon, Delhi Half

4. Marathon, and the Indian Masters. The country co-hosted the 1987, 1996, 2011 Cricket
World Cup and the first Indian Grand Prix in 2011.
India has hosted or co-hosted several international sporting events, including the 1951 and the
1982 Asian Games, the 1987 and 1996 Cricket World Cup, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the
2010 Hockey World Cup, and the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Major international sporting
events annually held in India include the Chennai Open, Mumbai Marathon, Delhi Half
Marathon, and the Indian Masters. The country co-hosted the 1987, 1996, 2011 Cricket
World Cup and the first Indian Grand Prix in 2011A.
AAddmmiinniissttrraattiioonn aanndd FFuunnddiinngg::
Political responsibility for sport in India is with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports,
which is headed by a cabinet minister and managed by National Sport Federations. The only
major exception is the BCCI which is the administrative body of Cricket, is not a NSF.
Presently there are more than 70 recognized national sports federations (NSF), of which 38
have politicians at the helm.
Sports Authority of India, the field arm of the Ministry, supports and nurtures talent in youth,
and provides them with requisite infrastructure, equipment, coaching facilities and
competition exposure. Dorabji Tata, with the support of Dr. A.G. Noehren, then director of
YMCA, established the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) in 1927. IOA is responsible for
the Indian continent’s participation in the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, Asian
Games (outdoor, indoor and beach), and South Asian Games. Each Olympic and non-
Olympic sport has a federation at the national level.
The selection of the national teams is done by the respective national federations and then
recommend to IOA for official sponsorship for participation in the games conducted under
the auspices of the International Olympic Committee, Olympic Council of Asia,
Commonwealth Games Federation, and SAG. A special feature of the Indian Olympic
Association is that the National Federations and the State Olympic Associations are affiliated
with and recognized by it. The main task of the State Olympic Associations is to promote the
Olympic sport and to ensure co-ordination among the State Sports Associations. In 2010–11,
the total budget for sports and physical education schemes is 31176.9 million (US$460
million).Hockey, in which India has an impressive record with eight Olympic gold medals, is
said to be the national sport. The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and the Arjuna Award are India's
highest awards for achievement in sports, while the Dronacharya Award is awarded for
excellence in coaching.
India has been criticised for neglecting women in sports, as depicted in the film
"Chak De! India", where women's sports associations are under-sponsored and out of funds.

5. IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL SSPPOORRTTSS HHEELLDD IINN IINNDDIIAA
Following is a list of international sports events held in India:
Football Afc challenge cup 2008
Ambedkar stadium, new delhi
[ gachibowli athletic
stadium, hyderabad]
Multi-sport
event
Commonwealth youth
games
2008 Pune
field
hockey
Field hockey world cup 2010
Dhyan chand national stadium, new
delhi
Multi-sport
event
Commonwealth games 2010 Delhi
cricket Cricket world cup 2011 Multiple venues
field
hockey
Men's hockey champions
trophy
2011 New delhi
Multi-sport
event
South asian winter games 2011 Dehradun and auli
Motor sports Formula one (2011 season)
Indian grand prix (30th
october 2011)
Buddh international circuit, greater
noida
field
hockey
olympic field hockey
qualification
2012 summer olympics
(london)
qualification
tournament 1
New delhi
Motor sports Formula one (2012 season)
Indian grand prix (28th
october 2012)
Buddh international circuit, greater
noida
cricket Women's cricket world cup 2013 Multiple venues
Multi-sport
event
South asian games 2013 Delhi
field
hockey
Fih men's hockey world
league (2012–14 season)
2013 round 2 (delhi
leg) Dhyan chand national stadium, new
delhiFih women's hockey world
league (2012–14 season)
2013 round 2 (delhi
leg)
Motorsports
Formula one (2013 season)
Indian grandprix(27th
october 2013)
Buddh international circuit, greater
noida

6. field
hockey
Men's hockey champions
trophy
2014 Kalinga stadium, bhubaneshwar
Fih men's hockey world
league (2012–14 season)
2014 round 4 (final
round)
Dhyan chand national stadium, new
delhi
tennis
Davis cup world group play-
offs
2014 Kslta tennis stadium, bangalore
cricket Icc world twenty20 2016 Multiple venues
football Fifa u-17 world cup 2017 Multiple venues
field
hockey
Field hockey world cup 2018 Kalinga stadium, bhubaneshwar
India at Major International Sports Events
1. Olympics [India at Olympics]
India first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900, with a lone athlete (Norman Pritchard)
winning two medals- both silver- in athletics. The nation first sent a team to the Summer
Olympic Games in 1920, and has participated in every Summer Games since then. India has
also competed at several Winter Olympic Games beginning in 1964. Indian athletes have won
a total of 26 medals, all at the Summer Games. For a period of time, India national field
hockey team was dominant in Olympic competition, winning eleven medals in twelve
Olympics between 1928
and 1980. The run
included 8 gold medals
total and six successive
gold medals from 1928–
1956.
India sent its first
athlete to the Olympics
for the 1900 games, but
an Indian national team
did not compete at the
Olympics until the 1920
Games. Ahead of the
1920 Olympics, Sir Dorab Tata and Governor of Bombay George Lloyd helped India secure
representation at the International Olympic Council that allowed it to participate in the
Olympic Games. India then sent a national team to the 1920 summer Olympic Games,
comprising four athletes, two wrestlers, and managers Bhoot and Fyzee.

7. RecentHistory:
The 2012 Summer Olympics saw an 83-member Indian contingent participating in the games,
and set a new best for the country with six total medals. Wrestler Sushil Kumar became the
first Indian with multiple individual Olympic medals since Norman Pritchard in 1900.
However, both of Norman Pritchard's medals were silver, while Sushil Kumar had one silver
and one bronze. On 4 December 2012, the IOC banned the IOA due to election issues. The
Indian athletes could, however, represent themselves in the Olympics as independent
participants. This ban was lifted on 11 February 2014, and all medals won in 2012 were
awarded to India.
The Indian Hockey team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, later goes on to defeat Germany 8–1 in
the final.
A single athlete, Norman Pritchard, represented India in
the 1900 Olympics, winning two silver medals. India sent
its first national team to the Olympics in 1920, and has
participated in every Summer Olympic Games ever since.
India has also competed at several Winter Olympic Games
since 1964.
India has won a total of 26 Olympic medals. India won its
first gold medal in men's field hockey in the 1928 Olympic
Games. Abhinav Bindra became the first Indian to win an
individual gold medal at the Olympic Games, and India's
first gold medal since 1980, when themen's field hockey team won the gold.
India has won very few Olympic medals, despite a population exceeding one billion,
around half of them under the age of 25. Numerous explanations have been offered for
the dearth, including poverty, malnutrition, widespread vegetarianism, neglected
infrastructure, the lack of sponsorship, the theft of money and equipment, political
corruption, institutional disorganisation, social immobility, the predominance of cricket,
and other cultural factors.
According to several informal statistics, India is the country with the lowest number
of total Olympic medals per capita (out of those countries which have won at least one
medal). In the Winter Olympic Games, India has seen four consecutive representations–
Nagano (Japan, 1998), Salt Lake City (Utah, USA, 2002), Turin (Italy, 2006), and Vancouver
(British Columbia, Canada, 2010). Shiva Keshavan, Asian Champion in luge represented
India in all four winter games.
RREECCEENNTT NNEEWWSS::
PPaarraallyymmppiicc rruunnnneerr hhooppeess ttoo ccrroossss oovveerr ttoo OOllyymmppiiccss,, Highly decorated Cuban
Paralympic runner Omara Durand, who is blind, hopes the IOC will modify running
events to allow her to compete for a spot in the Rio Olympics.
WWhhyy OOllyymmppiicc bbaacckkllaasshh ggooeess bbeeyyoonndd RRiioo wwooeess,, Zika virus and polluted waters are
worrisome for Rio 2016, but the Olympics have bigger problems. With more cities
scoffing at IOC demands, have the Games become too big to succeed?

8. 22001166 RRiioo:: SShhiivv TThhaappaa,, three others boxers recommended for prestigious Olympics
Scholarships, In a major boost to India's chances of sending more boxers to the 2016 Rio
Olympics, three pugilists have became eligible for the prestigious Olympics Scholarships.
MMiillkkhhaa SSiinngghh ffoorr ttiimmee--bboouunndd ppllaann ttoo pprroodduuccee ttoopp aatthhlleetteess,, legendary athlete Milkha
Singh on Sunday said the government should chart out a time-bound plan with the help of
Indian Olympic Association (IOA) and other sports bodies to produce athletes who excel
internationally.
IIOOCC ccoonnddoolleess AAsshhwwiinnii KKuummaarr''ss ppaassssiinngg aawwaayy,, IOC described late Ashwini Kumar as
someone who spent his whole career promoting Olympic values at the highest level.
2. Common wealth Games [India at common wealth games]
India has competed in fourteen of the eighteen previous Commonwealth Games; starting at
the second Games in 1934 hosted the games one time. India hosted the Games in2010, at
Delhi. India is the fourth most successful country with a total of 436 medals including 156
gold medals.
It was India's most successful Commonwealth Games to date with Indian athletes winning 38
gold, 27 silver and 36 bronze medals.
RREECCEENNTT NNEEWWSS::
CCoouurrtt OOrrddeerrss FFrraammiinngg ooff CChhaarrggeess IInnddoo--AAssiiaann nneewwss SSeerrvviiccee || TThhuurrssddaayy FFeebbrruuaarryy 44,, 22001166
Commonwealth Games Queen's Baton Relay: Court Orders Framing of Charges a Delhi
court asked the Central Bureau of Investigtion to frame charges against then officials of
the 2010 Commonwealth Games (CWG) organising committee, including T.S. Darbari, in
graft cases related to the Queen's Baton Relay ceremony in London.
TThhee IInnddiiaa''ss CCoommmmoonnwweeaalltthh GGaammeess ggoolldd mmeeddaall ssttoolleenn, which they won in the 2006 games
in Melbourne, was stolen during a break-in.
CCoommmmoonnwweeaalltthh GGaammeess FFeeddeerraattiioonn iiss iinn ttaallkkss wwiitthh tthhee IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall CCrriicckkeett CCoouunncciill ttoo
bbrriinngg ccrriicckkeett, especially the Twenty20 format, back in the fold.
LLiikkee KKiiddaammbbii SSrriikkaanntthh,, HH..SS.. PPrraannnnooyy aanndd AAjjaayy JJaayyaarraamm aallssoo sslliippppeedd aa ppllaaccee eeaacchh ttoo
NNoo..2200 aanndd 2255, respectively, in the men's singles rankings but reigning Commonwealth
Games champion Parupalli Kashyap raised a spot to be ranked No.14.

9. The Indian pair of Velavan Senthil Kumar and Harshit Jawanda reached the mixed
doubles semi-finals of the squash competition at the ongoing CCoommmmoonnwweeaalltthh YYoouutthh
GGaammeess..
OVERALL MEDAL TALLY:
At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, s India ended its campaign with a total of 64 medals (15
Golds, 30 Silvers, and 19 Bronzes). India's first ever Commonwealth medal was won by
Rashid Anwar who won a bronze in Welterweight category of Wrestling.
Gold Silver Bronze Total Position
2014 15 30 19 64 5th
2010 38 27 36 101 2nd
2006 22 17 11 50 4th
2002 30 22 17 69 4th
1998 7 10 8 25 7th
1994 6 12 7 25 6th
1990 13 8 11 32 5th
1986 Did not Participate
1982 5 8 3 16 6th
1978 5 5 5 15 6th

10. Medal Table 1
3. Asian Games [India at Asian games]
India hosted the Asian Games in 1951 and 1982 at New Delhi. India is the sixth most
successful country winning 602 medals including 139 gold. India has won the gold medal in
Kabbadi ever since its inception.
India is a member of the South Asian Zone of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), and has
participated in the Asian Games since their inception in 1951. The Indian Olympic
Association, established in 1927, and recognised in the same year by the International
Olympic Committee, is the National Olympic Committee for India.
India was one of the first five founding members of the Asian Games Federation on 13
February 1949, in New Delhi; the organisation was disbanded on 26 November 1981 and
replaced by the Olympic Council of Asia.
New Delhi, the national capital of India, has hosted the Asian Games on two occasions:
the inaugural 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games.
India is a member of the
South Asian Zone of the
Olympic Council of Asia,
the governing body of all
the sports in Asia,
recognised by the
International Olympic
Committee as the
continental association of
Asia. Being a member of
South Asian Zone, India
also participates in the
South Asian Games, sub-
regional Games for South
Asia.
0
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gold
Silver
Bronze
common wealth games

11. The OCA organises five major continental-level multi-sport events: the Asian Summer
Games (which are commonly known as the Asian Games), Asian Winter Games, Asian
Indoor-Martial Arts Games, Asian Beach Games, and Asian Youth Games. Before 2009,
Indoor and Martial Arts were two separate events for indoor and martial arts sports
respectively. However, the OCA has since amalgamated them into a single event, the Asian
Indoor-Martial Arts Games, which will be debuted in 2013 in Incheon, South Korea. As a
member of OCA, India is privileged to participate in all these multi-sport events.
Medals by Games
India is one of the only seven countries that have competed in all the editions of the Asian
Games. The other six are Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Singapore and
Thailand. India has won at least one gold medal at every Asian Games, and always ranked
within the top 10 nations of the medal table except in the 1990 Asian Games. After
completing the 2014 Asian Games, India's medal count is as follows
Games Rank Gold Silver Bronze Total
Total
Event
Medals
India's %
out Total
1951 New Delhi 2 15 16 20 51 169 30.18
1982 New Delhi 5 13 19 25 57 614 9.28
1990 Beijing 11 1 8 14 23 976 2.36
1994 Hiroshima 8 4 3 15 22 1079 2.13
1998 Bangkok 9 7 11 17 35 1225 2.86
2002 Busan 8 10 12 13 35 1350 2.67
2006 Doha 8 10 17 26 53 1393 3.8
2010 Guangzhou 6 14 17 34 65 1577 4.12
2014 Incheon 8 11 10 36 57 1454 3.92
2018 Jakarta Future event
Total 6 139 178 299 616

12. Medal Table 2
The 2016 South Asian Games, officially the XII South Asian Games, is a major multi-
sport event which took place from 5 February to 16 February 2016 in Guwahati and Shillong,
India. A total of 2,672 athletes competed in 226 events over 22 sports.Indian Prime
Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 2016 South Asian Games in Guwahati on 5
February 2016. The sporting giant of the region, India continued its dominance in the game's
medal tally with a staggering 308 medals including 188 gold medals.
RREECCEENNTT NNEEWWSS::
IInnddiiaa''ss ffiinnaall ttaallllyy aatt tthhee SSoouutthh AAssiiaann ggaammeess came to 188 gold, 99 silver and 30 bronze
medals.
SSoouutthh AAssiiaann GGaammeess CCEEOO RRKK SShhaarrmmaa said by successfully hosting over 330000 aatthhlleetteess from
Pakistan, India has proved that security is not a concern.
SSoouutthh AAssiiaann GGaammeess bbooxxiinngg ffiinnaall bboouuttss wweerree ddeellaayyeedd bbyy 4400 mmiinnuutteess after officials claimed
that they have not been paid their allowance while the organisers insisted that they were
being blackmailed for higher payment.
MMaarryy KKoomm,, SSaarriittaa DDeevvii aanndd PPoooojjaa RRaannii''ss ggoolldd mmeeddaallss mmeeaanntt tthhee IInnddiiaann bbooxxeerrss finished
their South Asian Games campaign with all the 10 gold medals in boxing after the men's
gold-winning exploits on Monday.
PPaakkiissttaann wwoommeenn bbooxxeerrss - Khoushleem Bano, Rukhsana Parveen and Sofia Javed - said
that to achieve their dream of competing and boxing they had to battle conservative
groups in the country who believe women should not participate in the sport.
Gold
Silver
Bronze
0
10
20
30
40
50
New Delhi
Beijing
Hiroshima
Bankok
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Asian Games

13. 2.IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF SPORTS:
Have you ever thought why people do sports?
Absolutely, many people seem not to know the reasons. As a anecdote, there are many
people who do sports for nothing around us. Every day we can encounter with these people.
They regularly do sports; however, none of them realizes the benefits and importance of
sports. In fact, vice versa, some people want to be fit and attractive, look smart.
Unfortunately, these people can’t consider other benefits of sports. In my opinion, there are
several benefits of sports that people often do not consider: sports are required to be healthy
people, are needed for enjoyment, and are great market for countries’ economies.
The first advantage of sports for people is that they help people be healthy, and be fit.
Throughout history, people can’t give up their interest at their body. I belive that many
people love them no matter how beautiful or ugly they are. Naturally, people’s first aim
should be healthy and fit with the benefits of sports. Due to this fact that Sports keep our
body healthy. As a possible example, imagine that there is a car which has not worked for
years. If you try to run the motor engine, it will not work anymore since it has been rusted
and its engine may be broken down. As a result, people are smilar to engines and motors. If
we don’t do sports, we will be forced to rust, in other words, decomposition of our body;
afterwards, we may have some problems with our body when we even need to small walk. In
addition, sports balance our body’s blood pressure and circulation. According to many
researches which have been done by scientists, we can prove the importance of sports for our
health because 70% middle aged people who did not do sports in their youth are now
struggling with the problems such as high tension, trouble with blood circulation, easily
become tired due to the lack of sports.
The second advantage of sports for people is that they are required for our daily lives and
competing at the international area because of enjoyment of sports. For many years, sports
have been done by people. For example, have you ever thought why people want to play
football or other games? The answer may be easy since sports are entertaining. They are
sometimes magics as they catch our attention and give us pleasure as much as we need.
Sometimes overwhelming life conditions may be unfair and make us unhappy. However, if
there is a sport activity when we are unhappy, we will probably be motivated and be
refreshed again after the sport activity. This should be the most important benefit of sports
because many people do sports for this reason. In addition, have you ever thought why
millions of people watch World Cup match without breathing? There might be some reasons
behind the action of watching football match. The most important one might be the
excitement and enjoyment of sport. Football match is exhilating because it gives us pleasure
to watch. In the pitch and near the pitch, there are more than 18 men, and they are the
representative of our sport culture. Within the excitement of sports, countries are able to
compete in the international area. Due to this fact people like sports since they and their
countries are able to compete and beat opponent countries and this is the most important
reason to take pleasure from sports.

14. The final and least advantage of sports is that they are the huge market for country’s
economy. First of all, if we look at only football industry. There are more than thousand
professional teams and at least these teams have 25 players. If this is calculated, there are
approximately 25000 players without working staff, scouts, coaches and managers. This
should be the largest industry which employs many people in Turkey. In addition, countries
and clubs have to establish new facilities for sports game. Some of them are the largest
buildings in the entire country that represent countries, for example Ataturk Olympic Stadium
in Turkey. Supplying funds for these buildings may be the publicity of countries since
constructing well designed stadiums help country prepare or organize big competitions such
as World Cup, Olympics, and Tennis Tournaments. Finally, sports allow advertisement
companies to make publicity of strong brands. For example, sponsorship is one of the best
publicity of one company. Everyone watches their favourite team or athlete, and audience
will probably see the sponsor of team or athlete. For example, in England, Manchester United
which is one of the most powerful clubs in international area has a sponsor called Vodafone. I
am from Turkey, and I even know its sponsor. This will probably show the effectiveness of
sponsorship in sports.
All in all, we can conclude that there are several advantages and benefits of sports. First,
sports are required by people to be fit, smart, and good looking. Second, sports are
entertaining due to many facts. Third, sports are the huge market for countries’ economies. In
my opinion, despite sports’ advantages, many people can’t believe that sports are useful and
beneficial. I hope that in the future these people will tend to be more optimistically to sports
since they are the necessity of our lives.

15. 3.CATEGORIZATION OF SPORTS:
ii.. IINNDDOOOORR SSPPOORRTTSS::
Whenever one uses the phrase “sports and games” it is common human mentality to associate it
with the likes of Football, Tennis, Baseball, etc. Especially in a country like India, where the
spectrum of sports is occupied by cricket alone (leaving little space for recognition of other
sports) the recognition of indoor sports and games is almost absent. The only indoor game we
have to boast about is Chess and Badminton (to an extent!).
However, when it comes to the world at large, indoor games are just as important as outdoor
games and sports are. Be it in the Olympics or other international tournaments, indoor games are
held in great regard worldwide.
Indoor sports complexes are springing up around the country (ex: South Shore Sports
Complex in Oceanside, NY). These complexes often provide a Turf Field that allows a wide
variety of typically outdoor sports to be played indoors. These turf fields are large and has a
grassy texture to it without the maintenance required to keep it green and plush. Many sports are
being played on this type of service, such as soccer, baseball, flag football, softball, lacrosse,
rugby, and many.
The Indian sports persons have performed far better in indoor games like billiards, chess and the
fledgling sport of carrom. Billiards has the unique distinction of giving India four world
champions in Wilson Jones, Michael Ferreira, Geet Sethi and Manoj Kothari.Wilson Jones, the
pioneering hero, won the world billiards championship twice in 1958 and 1964. His successors,
Michael Ferreira and Geet Sethi, were even more successful. Ferreira won the world amateur
billiards championships thrice in 1977, 1981 and 1983 besides winning the world open
championship in 1977. Apart from crowning himself as the world amateur billiards champion in
1985 and 1987, Geet Sethi won the world professional title four times in 1992, 1993, 19958 and
1998E. Manoj Kothari won the world amateur billiards title in 1990. Satish Mohan, Subhash
Agarwal, Ashok Shandilya and Devendra Joshi are the other prominent cueists to perform
creditably. Om Agarwal was the lone Indian to win the world title in snooker in 1984 in Dublin,
Ireland.

16. a) BADMINTON:
Like squash, Badminton is also a racquet sport (played with a shuttlecock instead of a ball).
Opponents are pitted against one another on either side of a net and a point is scored by a player
when the shuttlecock is not returned, during a rally, by his opponent. 1992 was the first year when
badminton was first introduced in the Olympics. This sport requires a good deal of agility, reflexes
and hand-eye coordination. It was in British India (early 1800s) when this sport first came into
existence. However, instead of what we know as shuttlecocks today (made of feathers), woollen
balls were used. The Badminton World Federation was established in the year 1934; long time
after the game had gained widespread popularity in England.
Badminton is a moderately popular game in India and the level of success on the international
level has been quite fluctuating. However on the domestic level, India has always been rich with
the young talented badminton squad. These days India's domestic badminton circuit is teeming
with a crop of talented youngsters who aspire to make it big at the international level. They draw
inspiration from the feats of Indian badminton legends like Prakash Padukone and Pullela
Gopichand who struck gold at the big stage. Read on to explore more about the famous badminton
players in the country.
FFaammoouuss BBaaddmmiinnttoonn PPllaayyeerrss ooff IInnddiiaa:
Prakash Padukone:For a long time in India, the game of Badminton was synonymous with
the name of Prakash Padukone. Born on June 10, 1955, it was
Prakash Padukone who marked the presence of India on
international badminton forum. He set a record by winning the
National Senior Title consecutively for 9 years. He also won
several other national and international accolades including the
All England Championship and Danish open.

17. Pullela Gopichand: Pullela Gopichand is another ace
Indian badminton player who immensely excelled on the
international level. Born on November 16, 1973, He made his
mark at the national level in 1989 after winning the national
championship in Goa. Under the guidance of his mentor,
Prakash Padukone, He emerged as one of the most successful
Indian shuttler of all times. His popularity was immensely
increased when he won the All England Championship.
Aparna Popat:Aparna Popat is unarguably the finest
women shuttler in Indian history. Aparna's little frame belies
her giant-killing acts in national as well as international
events. She was born in Mumbai on January 18, 1978 and
marker her presence in the international badminton arena by
winning women singles in French. She holds a record for
holding the National Senior Womens Badminton title for
maximum number of times consecutively.
Saina Nehwal: Saina Nehwal is one of the best known
Indian Badminton players, and arguably the most promising
female Indian Badminton player at the moment. Apart from
upsetting some of the top seeded players in World
Badminton, Saina has to her credit the achievement of being
the first Indian woman to have entered the Quart Final round
of Badminton event at the Olympic Games.
RReecceenntt nneewwss::
PPVV SSiinnddhhuu,, KKiiddaammbbii SSrriikkaanntthh LLeeaadd IInnddiiaann CChhaalllleennggee aatt GGeerrmmaann OOppeenn,, PV Sindhu will
bear the responsibility of leading India's campaign in women's singles at the German Open in
the absence of world No. 2 Saina Nehwal, who is still recovering from an ankle injury.
SSaaiinnaa NNeehhwwaall sskkiippppiinngg AAssiiaann ggaammeess,, Saina Nehwal, who had injured her ankle last
year, will be skipping the tournament. (Saina Pulls Out of Badminton Asia Team
Championships).
She is yet to play an IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall ttoouurrnnaammeenntt this year and is trying to achieve full fitness
ahead of the prestigious AAllll EEnnggllaanndd cchhaammppiioonnsshhiipp..
TThhee 2200--yyeeaarr--oolldd ffrroomm HHyyddeerraabbaadd, who had also bowed out in the second round of SSyyeedd
MMooddii GGrraanndd PPrriixx GGoolldd aafftteerr lloossiinngg ttoo NNiittcchhaaoonn JJiinnddaappooll, will look to turn around things
when she faces USA's Rong Schafer in the opening round of the German Open.

18. IInnddiiaann MMeenn SSttuunn CChhiinnaa, Women Blanked by Japan at BBaaddmmiinnttoonn AAssiiaa TTeeaamm
CChhaammppiioonnsshhiipp.
PPaaddmmaa BBhhuusshhaann:: Sania Mirza, Saina Nehwal, Deepika Kumari to be conferred with
IInnddiiaa''ss tthhiirrdd hhiigghheesstt cciivviilliiaann aawwaarrdd.
GGeerrmmaann OOppeenn:: KKiiddaammbbii SSrriikkaanntthh,, PP KKaasshhyyaapp rreeaacchh sseeccoonndd rroouunndd, Top Indian
shuttlers Kidambi Srikanth and Parupalli Kashyap crossed the opening hurdle to reach the
second round of men's singles.
SSaaiinnaa NNeehhwwaall AAiimmss ttoo bbee IInnjjuurryy--FFrreeee iinn RRuunn--UUpp ttoo RRiioo OOllyymmppiiccss,, Saina Nehwal had
pulled out of the Badminton Asia Team Championships, and was also sidelined from the
Lucknow Open and South Asian Championships due to a foot injury.
b) BOXING:
Boxing is one of the most popular and celebrated sports as you know. It is the act of fighting
with fists by using boxing gloves in a boxing ring. This sport makes the body and mind
strong. It is the toughest sport in my opinion. Boxing has many benefits. It is a humbling
experience and the boxers learn to face humility. This benefit helps in shocking ways. Boxing
can be of use as a self defense if we end up in a dangerous situation. People having issues
with their anger can channel it into something positive like boxing. Professional boxing has
become a global phenomenon giving great opportunities to aspiring fighters. Boxers face
tough situations. They endure inevitable pain with a strong attitude. I am always awed by
their guts, strength, and endurance.
In India, the game of boxing does not command a significant fan following, which
commentators often attribute to the lack of discernible international victories. However,
despite its limited success at large global championships, it is a regular medal-holder at the
Asian Games and Commonwealth Games.
Notable boxers and boxing victories:
Mohammad Ali Qamar became the first Indian to win a gold medal at the 2002
Commonwealth Games in Manchester, United Kingdom.
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Vijender Kumar won a bronze medal in the
middleweight boxing category, while Akhil Kumar and Jitender Kumar qualified for the
quarterfinals. Akhil Kumar, Jitender Kumar, A.L. Lakra, and Dinesh Kumar each won a
bronze medal at the 2008 World Championship.

19. India's Mary Kom is a five-time World Amateur Boxing champion, and the only woman
boxer to have won a medal in each one of the six world championships. She also became the
first Indian woman boxer to get a Gold Medal at the Asian Games during the 2014 Asian
Games at Incheon, South Korea.
Five Indian boxers, three female and two male, were among the world’s top three
in AIBA latest world rankings (March 1, 2014) in their respective categories. The rankings
were as follows:
Ranking of Indian Boxers among world
NAME COUNTRY WEIGHT
CATEGORY
RANK
Pinki jangra India 45-48 kg women 2
M C Mary Kom India 51 kg women 3
Kavita chahal India 81+ kg women 3
L Devendro singh India 46-48 kg men 3
Shiva thapa India 56 kg men 3
RReecceenntt NNeewwss::
CCooaacchh MMaahhaavviirr SSiinngghh receiving the AArrjjuunnaa AAwwaarrdd from the President of India, Shri
Pranab Mukherjee.
KKaavviittaa CChhaahhaall, 1st Women boxer from Haryana to receive the Arjuna Award from the
President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee.
IInnddiiaann BBooxxeerrss RRuunnnniinngg RRiisskk ooff BBeeiinngg BBaarrrreedd FFrroomm OOllyymmppiiccss,,
So far, no Indian boxer has qualified for the Olympics and most are
pinning their hopes on the Asian Qualifiers.
VViijjeennddeerr SSiinngghh ttoo FFaaccee HHuunnggaarryy''ss AAlleexxaannddeerr HHoorrvvaatthh iinn
FFoouurrtthh PPrroo BBooxxiinngg BBoouutt,, Vijender Singh will face Hungarian
Alexander Horvath in his fourth professional bout in Liverpool on March 12. The star
Indian boxer has won his first three pro boxing bouts.
VViikkaass KKrriisshhaann AAllll SSeett FFoorr AAIIBBAA PPrroo BBooxxiinngg DDeebbuutt,, Vikas Krishan will face
Uzbekistan's Israil Madrimov to become the first Indian boxer to compete in the AIBA
Pro Boxing.
SSoouutthh AAssiiaann GGaammeess:: MMaarryy KKoomm,, SSaarriittaa DDeevvii SSttrriikkee GGoolldd;; MMaakkee iitt PPeerrffeecctt 1100 FFoorr
BBooxxeerrss,, Mary Kom, Sarita Devi and Pooja Rani's gold medals meant the Indian boxers
finished their South Asian Games campaign with all the 10 gold medals in boxing after
the men's gold-winning exploits on Monday.
AAddmmiinniissttrraattiivvee MMeessss DDeemmoottiivvaattiinngg IInnddiiaann BBooxxeerrss:: MMaarryy KKoomm,,
India is without a national federation after the International Boxing
Association (AIBA) terminated Boxing India last year. The sport
is being administered by an ad-hoc committee.

20. c) CHESS:
Chess is one of the most ancient games yet has a great glory even today! Bobby Fischer,
my favourite player, described that “Chess is war over the board. The object is to crush the
opponents mind.” In my words, chess is a war of thoughts between two players on a chess
board having 16 pieces each with the objective of check mating the opponent’s king. Savielly
Tartakower stated “Chess, like love, like music, has the power to make man happy.” And of
course chess makes anyone happy, it is a game for players of all ages and also there is no
retirement in chess! People from any walk of life cannot just ignore chess as this game has
only benefits. Chess enhances mental development and hence used to treat many disabilities.
You can learn a lot in chess like visualization and judging the body language. You can
improve your memory and become more creative. Chess will teach you patience and will
power. I played hundreds of chess matches but not two games were same, every game is a
new experience. Chess is more of an art than a game. In this context, I want to mention Aaron
Nimzowitsch’s quote “The beauty of a move lies not in its appearance but in the thought
behind it.”
This game with a stalwart that India can boast of proudly (Vishwanathan Anand) is certainly
one of the most mentally taxing and IQ-demanding games. With roots lying in Ancient India
in the Gupta Empire, it was known as ‘chaturanga’- literally meaning four divisions (infantry,
cavalry, elephantry and chariotry represented by pawn, knight, bishop and rook). It’s spread
into and across Europe did not occur until the 1000s. Chess has seen many international
competitions being held like the World Championship, the Women’s World Championship,
the Junior World Championship, the World Computer Chess Championship and many more.
Currently ruled by grandmaster Magnus Carlsen, Chess has been able to boast of
heavyweights like Anand, Kasparov, Fischer, etc. Interestingly, owing to the rapid
development of artificial intelligence and cutting-edge algorithms, a computer called Deep
Blue (IBM) became the first computer to defeat a human chess champion (Kasparov) in
1997.
As of August 2015, the FIDE World Rankings of the top Indian male and female chess
players:
1. Vishwanathan Anand is the world No. 2, with a rating of 2816.
2. Koneru Humpy is the female world No. 3, with a rating of 2579.

21. POPULAR PLAYERS OF INDIA:
Vishwanathan Anand: Chess is one of the most popular sport in India from last two decades
especially, due to chess Grandmaster and
former World Champion Vishwanathan
Anand. Anand is considered a hero by many
Indians. His rise in the world chess stage has
inspired a while generation of young Indians to
take up the game of Chess. The All India
Chess Federation is the governing body for
chess in India.
Koneru Humpy:
Humpy Koneru (born31 March 1987 in Gudivada, Andhra Pradesh) is
an Indian chess Grandmaster. In October 2007,
she became the second female player,
after Judit Polgar, to exceed the 2600 Elo
rating mark, being rated 2606.
In 2002, Koneru became the youngest woman
ever to achieve the title of grandmaster (not
solely a Woman Grandmaster) at the age of 15
years, 1 month, 27 days, beating Judit Polgar's
previous mark by three months.
THE TOP 5 INDIAN GRAND MASTERS OF CHESS ARE LISTED BELOW:
Ranking of Indian chess players among world
S.NO PLAYER AGE RATING RANK
1. Vishwanathan anand 46 2816 2
2. Koneru humpy 28 2618 3
3. P Hari krishna 29 2740 20
4. Dronavalli Harika 25 2484 26
5. Tania Sachdev 29 2441 42
Recent news:
VViisswwaannaatthhaann AAnnaanndd FFiinniisshheess SSeeccoonndd iinn ZZuurriicchh CChhaalllleennggee,, Viswanathan Anand was
pipped for the top spot by Hikaru Nakamura at the Zurich Challenge, with two points for
a victory and one for a draw, Viswanathan Anand took his tally to six points in Zurich
Chess Challenge.
AAbbhhiijjeeeett GGuuppttaa CClliinncchheess HHooooggeevveeeenn IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall TTiittllee,, AAbbhhiijjeeeett Gupta scored seven
points out of a possible nine and ended half a point ahead of nearest rivals Deep Sengupta
and the Dutch duo Benjamin Bok and Jan Werle, who all scored 6.5 points each.
VViisswwaannaatthhaann AAnnaanndd LLoosseess AAggaaiinn iinn GGiibbrraallttaarr CChheessss,, Viswanathan Anand suffered a
shock defeat to French Grandmaster Adrien Demuth in the fifth round of the masters
section of Gibraltar chess festival.
VViisswwaannaatthhaann AAnnaanndd SSnnaappss TThhrreeee--MMaattcchh LLoossiinngg SSttrreeaakk Draws With Fabio Caruana in
London Chess Classic.

22. d) TABLE TENNIS:
Many people across the world play table tennis. It is an indoor variation of tennis, played on
table divided by net with small paddles and a light weight ball. Table tennis is a complex
physical sport. It is good for the body, mind and soul. It has many physical as well as mental
benefits. It improves flexibility, helps for weight loss, develops motor skills and balance,
improves concentration and brain function. Even though table tennis can be played as a high
intensity physical activity, there is a very low risk of injury as there is no contact between the
players. Table tennis is often called ‘high speed Chess’ due to the tactical challenges
presented by the game. Table tennis is definitely a good investment!
Analogous to its outdoor counterpart, table tennis can be played by two players (singles) or
by four (doubles). The rules of the game, however, are slightly different. The service must be
done in a way so as to make the ball drop once in one’s own half of the board and once in the
opponent’s half, and thereafter in the opponent’s half only. In doubles, the rally is continued
by players alternating among themselves thus adding an extra dimension of challenge to this
extremely fast game; also, in doubles, the service is done diagonally between opposite
sections of the board! This game originated n England in the late 1800s where it was played
mostly by the elite class as a post-meal game. Owing to the sound of the ball being hit to-and-
fro between the racquets, this game is also known as ping-pong. The first ever table tennis
World Championships was hosted by London in 1926. With 2 World Championships and a
World Cup title to his name, Jan-Ove Waldner is considered as one of the finest players of
this game.
Table tennis is a popular indoor recreation sport in India, which has caught on in
states like West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. The Table Tennis Federation
of India is the official sports body. India, which is currently ranked 30th in the world, has
produced a single player ranked in the top 50, SShhaarraatthh KKaammaall.
ANTHONY AMALRAJ is the current National Champion of India in Table Tennis.
Some popular players in the new millennium are:
1. Chetan Baboor
2. Arup Basak,
3. Soumyadeep Roy
4. Sourav Chakraborty
5. A Amalraj

23. 6. Sanil Shetty
7. Harmeet Desai
8. K Shamini
9. Poulomi Ghatak
10. Mouma Das
11. Ankita Das
12. Madhurika Patkar and others.
Recent News:
WWoorrlldd TTaabbllee TTeennnniiss:: IInnddiiaann WWoommeenn''ss TTeeaamm QQuuaalliiffiieess ffoorr MMaaiinn DDrraaww,, Indian
women's team defeated Croatia 3-0 to enter the World Table Tennis Team Championship
main draw. Indian men's team are? Yet to qualify for the main round.
CCoommmmoonnwweeaalltthh TTaabbllee TTeennnniiss:: IInnddiiaa wwiinn ggoolldd wwoommeenn wwiinn ssiillvveerr,, The Indian national
anthem was played at the Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Indoor Stadium in Surat as the
Indian men's team stood on the top of the podium after Soumyajit Ghosh helped his team
beat England 3-1 at Avadh Commonwealth Table Tennis Champions.
PPaakkiissttaann ttoo NNoott FFeeaattuurree iinn CCoommmmoonnwweeaalltthh TTaabbllee TTeennnniiss TToouurrnnaammeenntt,, Pakistan and
Australia will not take part in the 20th Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships
while Sharath Kamal, India's top Table Tennis player, will miss the event due to an
accident.
Indian men blank Vietnam in WWoorrlldd TTaabbllee TTeennnniiss CChhaammppiioonnsshhiippss ooppeenneerr.
SSoouutthh AAssiiaann GGaammeess:: India sweeps TT event with seven gold medals.
Paddler Manika Batra completes hat-trick of gold medals at South Asian Games.
India's CWG gold medal stolen in Australia.
e) SQUASH:
This is a racquet and ball sport that can be played by two (singles) or four (doubles)
players. The name squash comes from the softness of the ball that is used in the game.
Harrow school is recognized with the invention and popularization of this game which used
racquets similar to, but a lot lighter than, those used in tennis. The rules of the game have
undergone a lot of changes over time. According to the conventional scoring system, the first
player to reach 9 points is declared the winner of the game. If the score line, however, reads
8-8 then the player who reached 8 first gets to decide whether the game will be played to 9 or
played to 10. However, according to the current accepted scoring system, games are played to
11 and must be reached keeping a difference of 2 in order to win. According to the World
Squash Federation, England is the country with the highest number of squash courts in the
world. Jahangir Khan of Pakistan is widely considered to be the greatest player of the game.

24. Squash is a great sport that provides fun and recreation. It is a game played in an enclosed court by
two or four players who strike the ball with their rackets and hit onto playable surfaces of the
walls of the court. Not many people used to know about squash but it is gaining so much
popularity these days due to the fact that people are enjoying it once they start playing. The reason
may be that it is fast and exciting. It is a fast growing sport and is becoming a serious game at the
competitive level too. Besides being enjoyable, it is also advantageous. Playing squash improves
cardiovascular health, maintains healthy weight, and promotes good coordination and flexibility. It
also helps you to learn better social skills and gives an opportunity to make new friends. Squash is
a very good leisure activity to try!
Squash is a popular recreational sport in India, and is gaining popularity as a competitive sport.
The national governing body for squash in India is the Squash Rackets Federation of India. The
India men's national squash team has participated in three quarter finals of the World Team
Squash Championships since 1967. Dipika Pallikal is the topmost Indian squash player as of 2014.
She is the first Indian woman to break into the top 10 in the Women's Squash Association
rankings.
Indian squash players include:
1. Cyrus Poncha
2. Ritwik Bhattacharya
3. Saurav Ghosal
4. Joshna Chinappa
5. Dipika Pallikal
6. Siddharth Suchde
RReecceenntt NNeewwss::
RRaavvii DDiixxiitt RReettrraaccttss ''KKiiddnneeyy OOffffeerr'',, LLeeaavveess IInnddiiaann SSqquuaasshh RReedd--FFaacceedd,, Ravi Dixit Retracts
'Kidney Offer', Leaves Indian Squash Red-Faced Ravi Dixit's purported statement that "he was
prepared to sell his kidney" created a massive buzz in the media. But soon after, the player in
question wrote a clarification letter to the Squash Rackets Federation of India (SRFI) denying
any wrongdoing.
SSqquuaasshh PPllaayyeerr RRaavvii DDiixxiitt OOffffeerrss ttoo AAuuccttiioonn KKiiddnneeyy ttoo RRaaiissee FFuunnddss,, ravi dixit who will
turn 23 this week, is part of the Indian squad for the South Asian Games taking place in
Guwahati and Shillong and has used social media to offer up an organ for an asking price of
Rs. 8 lakhs due to a lack of sponsors.
SSaauurraavv GGhhoossaall,, JJoosshhnnaa CChhiinnaappppaa iinn IInnddiiaann TTeeaamm FFoorr SSoouutthh AAssiiaann GGaammeess,, Saurav Ghosal
and Joshna Chinappa will lead India's squash challenge at the South Asian Games, starting in
Guwahati on February 5.
Joshna Chinappa raised four places to the 13th spot while Dipika Pallikal slipped from 16th to
14th spot in the world rankings.

25. f) BILLIARDS:
Billiards, any of various games played on a rectangular table with a designated number of small
balls and a long stick called a cue. The table and the cushioned rail bordering the table are topped
with a felt like tight-fitting cloth. Carom, or French, billiards is played with three balls on a table
that has no pockets. The other principal games are played on tables that have six pockets, one at
each corner and one in each of the long sides; these games include English billiards, played with
three balls; snooker, played with 21 balls and a cue ball; and pocket billiards, or pool, played with
15 balls and a cue ball. There are numerous varieties of each game particularly of carom and
pocket billiards. A general
term used for Carambole
Billiards, this is the most
popular game from the family
of billiards (others include
three-cushion billiards, pool,
etc). It is believed to have its
origins in France in the late
1700s. The carambole billiard
game (most popular in the
family) has a very simple
objective- a point is scored
(known as count) when the cue
ball hits both the object balls in a single stroke. As soon as a preset number of points is reached the
winner is decided. Other variations of billiards include limited-rail billiards, balkline billiards,
cushion carom, three-cushion billiards, etc.
Billiard champions like Wilson Jones, Michael Ferreira, and Geet Sethi have come out of India.
Pankaj Advani is another successful Indian player. Training camps for identifying talent and
providing them regional and state sponsorship have been organised by the Billiards and Snooker
Federation in various parts of the country.
Wilson Jones: ‘Wilson Jones’ victory in the World Amateur Billiards Championship in 1958
gave India its first world champion in any sport. He won the National Billiards Championship 12
times and the World Billiards Championship twice in his lifetime.
Michael Ferreira: Michael Ferreira, also known as Bombay Tiger, was born in Mumbai on
October 1, 1938. He won the world Billiards champion four times. Ferreira was able to fill the
void created by Jones's departure in the Indian Billiard arena.
Ashok Shandilya: Ashok Shandilya is an ace billiard player of India. An employee of Central
Railway, he is popularly remembered for wining double gold medal at Asian Games held in
Bangkok in December 1998.
Geet Sethi: Geet Sethi is undoubtedly one of the most famous Indian billiard players. In his
glorious career, Sethi has won an astounding eight world billiards titles and is widely regarded as
one of the best the game has ever seen.
Pankaj Advani: The latest addition to a long list of talented Indian billiards players is the
prodigious Pankaj Advani. Advani has shot into limelight by becoming the first player to win both

26. the points format and the time format titles in the World Billiards Championship in 2005. His feat
will surely inspire young Indian billiard players to make a mark at the world stage.
Recent News:
Happy to successfully juggle between Snooker,
Billiards: Pankaj Advani, Winning titles after titles may
have become a habit for the great player but Advani is
happier to cap off the season on a high.
Billiards Premier League commences from August 19,
Top Maharashtra cueists, turning out for eight franchise outfits, will battle for glory in the
Rs10 lakh prize-money 2nd Videocon-Billiards Premier League (BPL), organised by
Billiards and Snooker Association of Maharashtra.
g) BOWLING:
Bowling is a popular and emerging recreational sport in India. The activity is
administered by the Bangalore-based Tenpin Bowling Federation of India. It organises the
National Bowling League comprising championships for amateurs, corporate team
tournaments as well as a national tour for professionals. Many Indians take up bowling for
fitness, rather than for recreation. Bowling alleys in India are commonly a part of multiplexes
and malls.
To a layman this game
might seem like a childish
indulgence- getting hold of
a humongous ball just to
knock over ten odd-shaped
pins at the end of an alley
hardly qualifies as a game,
eh? Wrong. The sport of
bowling has been accepted and is played by over 95 million people across the world,
spanning more than 90 countries. Its roots are in Ancient Egypt (discovered from remains by
Sir Flinders Petrie) and also the Roman Empire where the people used husk balls, leather
balls, etc. Pin bowling, as it is known today (with 10-pin, 9-pin and even 5-pin variations),
was first established in New York in 1895. Besides providing a fun evening out, bowling
gives plenty of exercise for the human body and helps in strengthening of muscles, burning
fat, etc.
Whenever you want to hang out with friends, bowling alley is one of the
favourite choices. Bowling is a sport which involves rolling a ball down a lane to knock
down a group of pins. It is not as simple as it looks; it is a complicated sport indeed. You
must be able to understand the lane conditions to bowl well. The common types of balls used
these days are the resin balls. Professional bowlers play at competitive and elite levels. For
amateur bowlers it is fun to go bowling with friends. One thing you have to know is that it is
not only fun but it also has some health benefits like promoting muscle growth, helping lose
weight, muscle toning and strengthening. You can socialize and make friends at the bowling
alley. Bowling is surely a great sport to enjoy. All I want to say is next time you go bowling
leave no pin standing!

27. In 2008, the Indian team participated in the WTBA World Tenpin Bowling Championships in
Bangkok and the Commonwealth Tenpin Bowling Championships in Belfast.
h) KABADDI:
Kabaddi is a contact sport that originated in ancient India. Kabaddi is an
umbrella term which encompasses various forms of the game including International rules
Kabaddi; Sanjeevani, Gaminee, Amar and Punjabi. Kabaddi also encompasses similar sports
known by their regional names, such as hadudu in Bangladesh, baibalaa in Maldives,
chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh, sadugudu in Tamil Nadu and hututu in Maharashtra.
The 11th Asian Games held in Beijing, China (1990) saw Kabaddi being introduced for the
first time and has been held regularly ever since. Played over a 45-minute stretch with a gap
of 5 minutes in between, Kabaddi also witnesses a World Cup competition of which India is
the current champion. Highly physical with a similarity to wrestling, Kabaddi is being further
propagated through the Pro-Kabaddi League in India.
Kabaddi is the national game of Bangladesh and also the state game of the Indian states of
Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Punjab. India is the most
successful team on the world stage, having won every World Cup and Asian Games title so
far, in both men's and women's categories.
ASIAN GAMES: Kabaddi has been played at the Asian Games since 1990. The Indian team
has won all 7 Gold medals. The next most successful team is Bangladesh, which has won 3
silver medals.
ASIA KABADDI CUP: The Asia Kabaddi Cup has been held twice in consecutive years.
The Inaugural tournament was held in the year 2011 in Iran. In 2012, the Asia Kabaddi Cup
was held in [Lahore Pakistan] from 1 to 5 November. In 2012 ASIA Kabaddi Cup held in
Lahore, Pakistan won against India with a technical win after Indian team forfeited the match
following a dispute.
Kabaddi World Cup: Kabaddi World Cup was first played in 2004, then in 2007 and then
annually from 2010 onwards. A circle format is followed from 2010 World Cup onwards.
India is the unbeaten champion winning every edition held so far.
Pro Kabaddi League: The Pro Kabaddi League was formed in 2014 based on the popular
cricket tournament, Indian Premier League. The first edition of the tournament was held in

28. 2014, starting on 26 July 2014, with eight franchises based at eight different cities in India,
consisting of players from around the world. The teams in the competition are Jaipur Pink
Panthers based at Jaipur, U Mumba based at Mumbai, Bengaluru Bulls based at Bengaluru,
Dabang Delhi based at Delhi, Puneri Paltan based at Pune, Telugu Titans based at Vizag,
Bengal Warriors based at Kolkata and Patna Pirates based at Patna. The broadcast rights were
purchased by the Star Sports Network.
Recent News:
UU MMuummbbaa bbeeaatt DDaabbaanngg DDeellhhii KK..CC.. ttoo ffiinniisshh oonn ttoopp,, After 32 days of exciting activity
involving 56 matches and criss-crossing the sub continent the grand finale of the Season 3
Star Sports Pro Kabaddi will be held in New Delhi on Saturday at the Indira Gandhi
Indoor Stadium. Who will be the undisputed champions? But before that come the semi-
finals. All aches and pains will be forgotten as every individual prepares to help his team
pass that test to come closer to the crown.
TThhee 22001155--22001166 sseeaassoonn ooff WWoorrlldd KKaabbaaddddii LLeeaagguuee ((22nndd SSeeaassoonn)) wwiillll bbee hheelldd iinn FFeebbrruuaarryy
22001166,, With a view to cutting down the costs, the organizers have scaled it down in terms
of duration and venues. Unlike the first season which ran over the period of three and a
half months. The second season will only be for 45 days in total and it will only be played
in Punjab. Unlike last season all the matches will be played in different cities across
Punjab.
PPrroo KKaabbaaddddii LLeeaagguuee iiss hheellppiinngg iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaall ccoommppeettiittoorrss ccaattcchh uupp,, IInnddiiaa rruulleess aatt
iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaall eevveennttss,, but the league has given foreign players -from Iran, South Korea and
Turkey for example -greater exposure and they're catching up fast.
VViieewweerrsshhiipp iinn ffiirrsstt wweeeekk ooff PPrroo KKaabbaaddddii LLeeaagguuee’’ss tthhiirrdd sseeaassoonn uupp 3366%% oovveerr sseeaassoonn ttwwoo,
The league also saw a 33% increase in total minutes view.
i) SWIMMING:
Swimming was one of eight sports practiced at the first Paralympic Games in 1960
in Rome, Italy and is now one of the most popular.
Both male and female
competitors, who are
classified on their
functional ability to
perform each stroke,
test their skills in
freestyle, backstroke,
butterfly, breaststroke
and medley events.
Athletes can have a
physical, visual or
intellectual impairment. As a result the rules of the International Swimming Federation
(FINA) are modified to include optional starting platforms and in-water starts for some
athletes or the use of signals or “tappers” for those with visual impairments. No prostheses or
assistive devices are permitted in the pool.
Swimming is a great recreational activity in which we glide through water using our limbs. I
feel that it is an intimate experience with water. Having a great swim in pleasant waters on a

29. hot sunny day is quite a marvellous experience and it is relaxing too. Swimming helps to stay
fit and keep in shape thus improving physique. It also renews energy, increases circulation,
and builds endurance, muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness. Swimming lovers who
want to take this sport more seriously can go for competitive level swimming. The four main
strokes in competitive swimming are freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke and butterfly. A
personal advice, swimming is fun but drowning is not! So you have to follow the safety
measures while swimming.
Swimming is an individual or team sport and activity. Competitive swimming is one of the
most popular Olympic sports, with events in freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly.
In addition to these individual events, Olympic swimmers also participate in relays.
The India Records in Swimming are the fastest times ever swum by a swimmer representing
India. These records are maintained by Swimming Federation of India (SFI).
Five Indian swimming champions –
11)) SSaannddeeeepp SSeejjwwaall
22)) AAaarroonn DD’’SSoouuzzaa
33)) VViirrddhhaawwaall KKhhaaddee
44)) SSaauurraavv SSaannggvveekkaarr
55)) SSaajjaann PPrraakkaasshh
They are set to represent India for the World Championship held in Kazan, Russia from July
24th to August 9th 2015. The event at Kazan is an opening gate to Rio Olympics 2016 based
on their performance in Kazan championship.
The young swimmers who had submitted the proposal to the government regarding exposure
trips to Europe and US are awaiting the permission to train abroad and gain exposure before
the great event at Kazan. “I’m happy that I was able to qualify for the Worlds early, which
gives me time to prepare myself and get ready for the challenge. Obviously, going abroad and
training would’ve been a great boost for us and our chances, but that’s not in our hands,” says
one of the swimmers.
The senior national swimmer Sandeep Sejwal says, “Obviously, the goal for every one of us
is to make the cut-offs so that we can qualify for Rio. And personally, a top-16 finish will
give me a chance to enter the evening races, which is a big thing.”
While awaiting permission from government to train abroad, the swimmers continue to train
for the largest multi-athletic event. The swimming champs are getting trained for Kazan event
in Bengaluru except for Khade who has moved to Mumbai after the National Games in
Kerala. The renowned coach Nihar Ameen used to train Virdhawal along with Sejwal.
Sandeep Sejwal, who gained popularity by winning a continental medal was the third
swimmer from India at Incheon Asian Games last year, is now geared up to swim against the
waves at Kazan 2015.
RReecceenntt NNeewwss::
MMiicchhaaeell PPhheellppss ccllaaiimmss tthhiirrdd rraaccee aatt WWiinntteerr CChhaammppiioonnsshhiippss,, Phelps won the 100 meter
butterfly on Friday.
DDiissaappppooiinnttiinngg!! PPaarraallyymmppiicc IInnddiiaann sswwiimmmmeerr ffoorrcceedd ttoo wwaasshh ccaarrss ffoorr lliivviinngg,, Bharat Kumar
had sit down with beggars near a temple to have his food.
IInnddiiaa''ss ggoollddeenn rruunn ccoonnttiinnuueess uunnaabbaatteedd iinn SSoouutthh AAssiiaann GGaammeess..

30. SSoouutthh AAssiiaann GGaammeess:: TThhiirrdd ggoolldd ffoorr SSeejjwwaall,, IInnddiiaann sswwiimmmmeerrss sshhaarree ssppooiillss wwiitthh SSLL,, After
two days of domination in the pool, India shared the spoils with Sri Lanka in the
swimming competition of the 12th South Asian Games even as Asian Games medallist
Sandeep Sejwal won his third gold medal, here on Monday.
Both India and Sri Lanka won three gold medals each during the day, while Bangladesh
won one. In all, India won three gold, four silver and one bronze.
GGoolldd rruusshh ccoonnttiinnuueess ffoorr IInnddiiaa;; swimmers, wrestlers shine at South Asian Games.
j) CARROMS:
The All India Carrom Federation (AICF) is India's national sport federation for the
indigenous game of carrom, sanctioning six to seven national-level tournaments per year. It is
India's representative body in the International Carrom Federation. The AICF has 15 regional
and 28 state sub national affiliate institutions, the largest of which is the Maharashtra Carrom
Association, further subdivided into
local organisations.
The president of the federation (as of
2007) is Sarabjit Singh, and its general
secretary is S. K. Sharma. Recent
national champions include R. M.
Shankra, Ravinder Goud and A.Maria
Irudayam.
India overwhelmingly dominates carrom which was considered a family pastime not
long ago but is now steadily gaining in popularity as a competitive sport not only in India but
in other countries also. The Indian players have won all the international competitions
including the World Cup in which they have taken part. No Asian or Western country has
been able to match India’s prowess in carrom. Anthony Maria Irudayam and Nagsen Etambe
are the best known exponents of this indoor game.
RReecceenntt NNeewwss::
SSaannddeeeepp,, MMaaiittrreeyyeeee wwiinn ccaarrrroomm ttiittlleess,, ONGC's former Asian & State Champion Sandeep
Deorukhkar and top seed Maitreyee Gogate of Jain Irrigation claimed the men's and women's
singles titles respectively in the 8th Maharashtra State Ranking prize money carrom
tournament organised by Shivaji Park Gymkhana under the auspices of Mumbai District
Carrom Association & Maharashtra Carrom Association recently.
RRaajjeesshh SSaallvvii wwiinnss ccaarrrroomm ttoouurrnnaammeenntt,, Top seed Rajesh Salvi beat No 2 Rakesh Baria in a
pulsating thrilling three-game encounter to clinch the Balasaheb Thackeray Memorial South
Mumbai carrom tourney at Gaondevi. Salvi won 25-18, 10-25, 25-18.
KKaaiillaasshh WWaagghheellaa,, MMiittaallii PPiittkkaarr ccaarrrroomm cchhaammppss,, Nalasopara based eigth seeded Kailash
Waghela and Mitali Pitkar won the men's and women's singles titles respectively in the 26th
Vasai Taluka Kala-Kreeda Mahotsav carrom tournament under the Auspices of Palghar
District Carrom Association & Maharashtra Carrom Association recently.
PPaawwaarr,, CChhaannddoorrkkaarr wins carrom titles.

31. k) FUTSAL:
Futsal is a variant of association football played on a smaller field and mainly indoors. It
originated in Uruguay in 1930.
A variant of football that is mainly played indoors, futsal is played on a smaller field with 5
players on each side. Futsal is native to Brazil and Uruguay where it is played more than
football but attracts far less people. Futsal is played on a hard surface with a ball that has far
less bounce than a football. Substitutions have no limitation as in football. The spread of the
game during the 1970s was governed by an international body- Federation International de
Futbal de Salon (FIFUSA). Currently, FIFUSA is no longer a governing body of the sport.
FIFA is one of the governing bodies and organizes separate tournaments as compared to
AMF (Association Mundial de Futbal de Salon). Futsal is played on the international level by
countries that are regulars in football as well. The current FIFA futsal World Champion is
Brazil.
Futsal is played between two teams of five players each, one of whom is the goalkeeper.
Unlimited substitutions are permitted. Unlike some other forms of indoor football, the game
is played on a hard court surface delimited by lines; walls or boards are not used. Futsal is
also played with a smaller ball with less bounce than a regular football due to the surface of
the field. The surface, ball and rules create an emphasis on improvisation, creativity and
technique as well as ball control and passing in small spaces.
RRuulleess::
 There are currently two governing bodies: Association Mundial de Futbal de Salon
(AMF) and Federation International de Football Association (FIFA). AMF and FIFA are
responsible for maintaining and regulating the official rules of their respective versions of
futsal.
 FIFA publishes its futsal rules as the 'Laws of the Game', in which each of the 17 'laws' is
a thematically related collection of individual regulations. The laws define all aspects of
the game, including what may be changed to suit local competitions and leagues.

32. WWoorrlldd rraannkkiinngg
As of 22 February 2016, the top 25 teams according to the ELO-based rankings are:
S.NO TEAM POINTS S.NO TEAM POINTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
SPAIN
BRAZIL
RUSSIA
ITALY
IRAN
ARGENTINA
PORTUGAL
UKRAINE
KAZAKHISTAN
AZERBAIJAN
SERBIA
JAPAN
PARAGUAY
THAILAND
COLOMBIA
1948
1919
1740
1656
1626
1620
1550
1484
1441
1395
1394
1379
1376
1361
1353
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
SLOVENIA
CROATIA
CZECHREPUBLIC
ROMANIA
UZBEKISTAN
SLOVAKIA
NETHERLANDS
AUSTRALIA
GUATAMALA
BELARUS
1336
1326
1295
1257
1251
1242
1237
1236
1226
1225
RReecceenntt nneewwss::
IInnddiiaann SSuuppeerr LLeeaagguuee:: FFCC GGooaa FFiinneedd RRss.. 5500 LLaakkhh FFoorr PPoosstt--FFiinnaall FFiiaassccoo,, Indian Super
League: FC Goa Fined Rs 50 Lakh For Post-Final Fiasco Following their 2-3 loss in the
final to Chennaiyin FC on December 20, FC Goa boycotted the medals ceremony,
alleging the game was fixed.
EExx--FFrraannccee aanndd AArrsseennaall SSttaarr RRoobbeerrtt PPiirreess RReettiirreess,, Ex-France And Arsenal Star Robert
Pires Retires Robert Pires is the last of France's 1998 World Cup winners to hang up his
boots, having most recently played for Indian Super League outfit FC Goa.
SSoouutthh AAssiiaann GGaammeess:: IInnddiiaann OOffffiicciiaall TThhrreeaatteennss BBaannggllaaddeesshh CCoouunntteerrppaarrtt,, South
Asian Games: Indian Official Threatens Bangladesh Counterpart a senior Bangladesh
Football Federation official alleged their Indian counterpart threatened to throw them out
of the stadium.
IInnddiiaann SSuuppeerr LLeeaagguuee TTeerrmmeedd KKeeyy WWoorrlldd EEvveenntt oonn SSoocciiaall MMeeddiiaa bbyy FFaacceebbooookk,,
Indian Super League Termed Key World Event on Social Media by Facebook Indian
Super League was one of most discussed topics on Facebook, according to Mark
Zuckerburg, owner of the social media site.

33. ii. OUTDOOR SPORTS:
What are outdoor games?
We play some games in the open air. These are called outdoor games. The Indian games like
Hadu-du also called Kabadi, Dandaguli, etc. are outdoor games. We play these games in an
open field. Football, cricket, hockey, tennis, etc. are also outdoor games. These are western
games. These games were introduced into our country by the English. We have learnt to play
these games quite well.
Part of education:
Outdoor games are now part of our education in the school. Formerly it was not so. At
present many schools have their own playgrounds. The students of the schools take part in
outdoor games. Youngman of India is now taking great interest in outdoor games.
Value of these games:
These outdoor games have great value. Our brain is worked for a long time. If we play in the
afternoon, we inhale fresh air and feel refreshed. Our body is also exercised. Thus our health
is improved. These games help us to form our character too. They help in developing our
personality. We learn many things from these games. We have to form a team to play the
games. We learn the value of co-operation and unity. We have to obey the orders of the
captain. Thus we learn obedience, discipline and order. We become generous and imbibe
fellow-feeling. Outdoor games save us from evil temptations and guide us to walk in the path
of virtue and duty.
The public and our Government have felt the importance of games and
sports. We have now Sports Ministers at the Centre and at the State level to look after the
games and sports of the country. The public have also organizations to look after these. In
West Bengal we have the Indian Football Association (I.F.A) to look after the game of
football and the Cricket Association of Bengal (C.A.B) to look after the game of cricket.
There is an association for each kind of games and sports.
There are also All India Organizations for games and sports. Our
Government at the Centre as well as at the State level spend money to encourage young boys
and girls to be good players and sportsmen and sports-women. Those who show exceptional
skill in games and sports now earn a lot of money. So if some students cannot be successful
in general education, they may try to be successful in games and sports and earn a lot of
money and thus attain success in life. Following the examples of the British Government, our
Government also is now conferring titles on those who show exceptional skill in games and
sports and thus they are honoured.
Conclusion:
The Western games are costly. Indian games are not so. But in towns Western games are
mostly played. In villages, native games are generally played. Football and cricket are also
played there now-a-days. Sometimes we are hurt and receive injuries while playing them. On
some occasions bitter feelings arise between two parties. This should be checked. There
should be sportsman-like spirit in the players and the spectators.

34. a) CRICKET:
Cricket is by far the most popular sport in India.
The Board of Control for Cricket in India is the
global leader in profits in the world of cricket. I
have seen poster more than one time written “India
have two religions “Cricket & Film”. India Have
produced Some Legend Cricketers like Kapil Dev,
Sunil Gavaskar, Rahul Dravid and Sachin
Tendulkar. These players Make Cricket Most
Popular Sport among Indian People. In India, Lot of
Money Involved in Cricket after Introduction of
IPL. Indian Premier League attracts cricketers from
all over the world.
India has won all of the ICC Tournaments Including ODI’s World Cup 2 times (1983 &
2011), T20 World Cup 2007, ICC Champions Trophy 2013. So without any doubt Cricket is
the by far most popular sport in India.
Cricket is the most popular sport in India. It is played by many people throughout the
country.[2] The Indian national cricket team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 ICC
World Twenty20, the 2011 Cricket World Cup, the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, and shared
the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Domestic competitions include the Ranji
Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Vijay Hazare Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy
and the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy. In addition, BCCI conducts the Indian Premier
League, a Twenty20 competition.
IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall CCrriicckkeett::
International cricket in India generally does not follow a fixed pattern. For example, the
English schedule under which the nation tours other countries during winter and plays at
home during the summer. Generally, there has recently been a tendency to play more one-day
matches than Test matches. Cricket in India is managed by the Board of Control for Cricket
in India (BCCI), the richest cricket board in the cricket world; yet, average cricket fans
cannot get hold of tickets to see matches, much of which are distributed as largesse. Indian
International Cricket Squad has also provided some of the greatest players to the world, the
biggest example of which is Sachin Tendulkar. Indian cricket has a rich history. The Indian
national team is currently ranked the No. 1 team in Test cricket and as the No. 2 team in one
day international cricket and No. 1 in T20i.
As of 29 February 2016, India is ranked second in Tests, third in ODIs and first in Twenty20
Internationals (T20Is) by the ICC. Virat Kohli is the current captain of the team in Tests
while Dhoni is the ODI and T20I captain. The Indian cricket team has rivalries with other
Test-playing nations, most notably with Pakistan, the political arch-rival of India. However,
in recent times, rivalries with nations like Australia, England and South Africa have also
gained prominence.

35. India national cricket team
The Indian cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, is the national cricket
team of India.
Nickname: Men in Blue
Coach: Ravi Shastri
TT2200 SSQQUUAADD::
1. MS Dhoni (C/WK)
2. Virat Kohli (VC)
3. Shikar Dhawan
4. Yuvraj Singh
5. Rohit Sharma
6. Ajinkya Rahane
7. Ravindra Jadeja
8. Harbhajan Singh
9. Suresh Raina
10. Ravichandran Ashwin
11. Ashish Nehra
12. Muhammad Shami
13. Bhuvaneshwar Kumar
14. Umesh Yadav
15. Hardik Pandya
MS DHONI: Mahendra Singh Dhoni (born 7 July 1981) is an Indian cricketer and the
current captain of the Indian national cricket team in limited-overs formats. An attacking
right-handed middle-order batsman and wicket-keeper, he is widely regarded as one of the
greatest finishers in limited-overs cricket. He made
his One Day International (ODI) debut in
December 2004 against Bangladesh, and played his
first Test a year later against Sri Lanka.
22001155 CCrriicckkeett WWoorrlldd CCuupp::
For the 2015 World Cup held in Australia and New
Zealand, Dhoni was named the captain of the 30-
member squad by the BCCI in December 2014.
Under his captaincy, India was able to go through
to semi-finals with ease, beating Bangladesh in the
quarter-finals. However, they lost to Australia in
the semi-finals. The team won 7 consecutive matches in this world cup and won 11 all
consecutive in world cups. With the win against Bangladesh, he became the first non-
Australian captain to won 100 ODI matches, and first Indian captain to achieve the mark. He
is also the third captain to won 100 matches, after two Australians, Ricky Ponting, and Allan
Border.
ROHIT SHARMA: Rohit Gurunath Sharma (born 30 April 1987) is an Indian cricketer. He
is a right-handed batsman and an occasional right-arm off break bowler who plays for
Mumbai in domestic cricket. He is the captain of the Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier
League.

36. Having started his international career at the
age of 20, Sharma quickly came to be pegged
by many analysts as a permanent fixture in the
Indian cricket team in the next decade. He
made his ODI debut on June 23, 2007 against
Ireland. In 2013, he started playing as an
opening batsman for India ODI team, and
performed consistently. He scored consecutive
centuries in his first two Test matches against
the West Indies in November 2013, scoring
177 at the Eden Gardens in Kolkata on debut,
followed by a score of 111* in the next Test at
the Wankhede Stadium in India. He played 108 ODIs before playing his maiden Test.
On 13 November 2014, Rohit Sharma scored 264 against Sri Lanka at Eden Gardens,
Kolkata, which is the highest individual score in ODIs. He thus became the only player in the
world to score two double hundreds in ODIs. Rohit Sharma is the third skipper after MS
Dhoni and Gautam Gambhir to lead his team to the IPL title twice. As per Forbes India 2015
Top 100 celebrities in India, Sharma is listed 8th in terms of fame, 46th in terms of income
and 12th overall.
VIRAT KOHLI: Virat Kohli (born 5 November
1988) is an Indian international cricketer. He is a
right-handed batsman and occasional right-arm
medium pace bowler. He is the current captain of the
Indian team in Test cricket and vice-captain in limited
overs formats. In the Indian Premier League (IPL), he
captains the Royal Challengers Bangalore.
Kohli was appointed the vice-captain of the ODI team
in 2012 and has since also captained the team on
several occasions in the absence of regular skipper
Mahendra Singh Dhoni. After Dhoni's Test retirement
in 2014, Kohli was handed over the Test captaincy. Kohli holds numerous Indian batting
records including the fastest ODI century, the fastest batsman to 5,000 ODI runs and the
fastest to 10 ODI centuries. He is only the second batsman in the world to have scored 1,000
or more ODI runs for four consecutive calendar years. In 2015, he became the fastest
batsman in the world to 1,000 runs in T20Is.
Kohli's record in Twenty20 matches
Matches Runs HS 100s 50s Avg.
T20I 33 1215 90* 0 12 50.62
IPL 123 3137 99 0 19 32.67

37. CLT20 15 424 84* 0 2 38.54
Despite being called a team sport, the game of cricket has not always been a battle of eleven
versus eleven. If you look at it closely, what we have in the Indian cricket team is a bunch of
below-average, mediocres mixed with one or two exceptionally talented players who can turn
things around completely on their own. It is because:
1) We don't have options; we are a manpower abundant but talent scarce country.
2) The sport, for its part, does not require us to field all our best talents, just one or two will
do just fine. Nine out of ten times, a good performance by those one or two will be enough
for us to change the game on its head.
RReecceenntt NNeewwss::
AAssiiaa ccuupp:: AAss bbiigg sshhoottss ffllyy ooffff DDhhoonnii’’ss bbaatt,, ttaallkk ooff rreevviivvaall ggaaiinnss ggrroouunndd,, When Dhoni
promoted himself at No.4; India still needed 22 runs for victory off 14 balls. The captain
finished it off in just six deliveries. As a result India won the Asia cup.
AA hhuurrddllee cclleeaarreedd ffrroomm DDDDCCAA’’ss WWoorrlldd TT2200 ppaatthh,, The World T20 begins on Tuesday
with the qualifiers with the main tournament starting on March 15. The DDCA had
sought a completion certificate from the SDMC to host World T20 matches at the Kotla,
which the corporation had denied.
IICCCC WWoorrlldd TT2200:: HHooppiinngg ttoo ffiinndd tthheeiirr ppllaaccee iinn tthhee WWoorrlldd,, Associates have tried to shed
‘amateur tag’ as their players have gotten stronger but advancing from qualifiers won’t be
easy.
VViirraatt KKoohhllii,, nnoott MMSS DDhhoonnii,, iiss tthhee ffiinniisshheerr ffoorr mmee:: Gautam Gambhir went on to state
that MS Dhoni should be clear about where he wants to bat in the order.
WWoorrlldd TT2200:: MMSS DDhhoonnii iiss tthhee bbeesstt ffiinniisshheerr iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd,, ssaayyss VViirraatt KKoohhllii;; Virat Kohli
feels that Asia Cup win has put the Indian team in a good stead ahead of the ICC World
T20.
PPllaayyiinngg ccrriicckkeett ffoorr IInnddiiaa wwiillll bbee mmyy ffiirrsstt cchhooiiccee:: MMSS DDhhoonnii;; MS Dhoni led India to
Asia Cup title win over Bangladesh on Sunday as India won it for a record sixth time.
LLaassiitthh MMaalliinnggaa sstteeppss ddoowwnn aass SSrrii LLaannkkaa sskkiippppeerr aahheeaadd ooff WWoorrlldd TT2200; Angelo
Mathews will take over as captain of Sri Lankan team and will lead the side in all three
formats.

38. b) SOCCER:
SSOOCCCCEERR is second most popular sport in India. Although
Indian national soccer team hasn’t much success at
International level. The Indian national soccer team is
ranking 156th team in FIFA ranking. But still 2nd most
played and watched sport in India.
The IInnddiiaa nnaattiioonnaall ffoooottbbaallll tteeaamm is governed by the All
India Football Federation (AIFF). Since 1948, the AIFF
has been affiliated with FIFA, the international governing
body for football. In 1954, the AIFF became one of the founding members of the Asian
Football Confederation (AFC). The team was automatically invited by FIFA to play in
the 1950 FIFA World Cup (all the other Asian teams withdrew), but they could not go to the
tournament in Brazil due to financial constraints. They won gold medals at two Asian Games
and one silver at the Asian Cup.
Football is India's second most popular sport, next to the game of cricket. Traditionally it has
enjoyed popularity in the regions such as West Bengal, Goa, Kerala, Odisha, and the entire
north-eastern India, especially Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura
and Sikkim. Tamil Nadu is a recent addition to this list.
India's current top domestic league, I-League, was formed in 2007 in an attempt to
professionalize domestic football and in 2013 the Indian Super League was formed with 8
teams to promote Indian football to the country and world. Also contested is Santosh Trophy,
a knock-out competition between states and government institutions. The current captain of
the Indian national team is Sunil Chhetri and the team is coached by Stephen Constantine.
India is currently ranked 160 in the FIFA World Rankings, up by 2 places from 162 in
February, 2016.
The 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup is scheduled to take place in India. By virtue of being the
host country, the Indian team will automatically play in the tournament. Depending on the
performance of the U-17 team, the All India Football Federation has indicated consideration
for an U-20 bid.

39. India has gradually acquired a passion for soccer but it may still be a long way off from
international acclaim. Asia's third-largest economy has never made it to the FIFA World Cup
despite a 1.3 billion strong population, high economic growth rates and a sports-mad public.
It has only qualified once, by default for the 1950 tournament in Brazil, but ended up
withdrawing due to financial constraints.
India shines in cricket and wrestling, but a lack of investment and local talent has limited the
beautiful game's ascent, pushing audiences to foreign clubs instead. In the past, most fans had
little choice but to support the likes of Manchester United, Chelsea or Real Madrid while
skilled players typically sought opportunities abroad.
India's football team coach Stephen Constantine on Wednesday called up 22 players,
currently busy training for their respective Indian Super League (ISL) franchises, for the two
upcoming 2018 World Cup qualifiers.
The players are expected to report to Mumbai on October 4, an All India Football Federation
(AIFF) statement said on Wednesday.
This follows a controversy after the ISL organizers initially refused to release the Indian
players for the two away qualifying games, on October 8 and 13, against Turkmenistan and
Oman, respectively, leaving the national team with the possibility of playing those matches
without any preparation.
The squad: Subrata Paul, Karanjit Singh, Gurpreet Singh Sandhu, Arnab Mondal, Sandesh
Jhingan, Aiborlang Khongjee, Dhanachandra Singh, Lalchhuanmawia, Narayan Das, Rino
Anto, Pritam Kotal, Eugenson Lyngdoh, Cavin Lobo, Sehnaj Singh, Jackichand Singh,
Pronoy Halder, Francis Fernandes, Rowlin Borges, Bikash Jairu, Jeje Lalpekhlua, Robin
Singh, Sunil Chhetri.
Sunil Chhetri: Sunil Chhetri (born 3 August 1984)
is a Indian professional footballer who plays as a
striker for Bengaluru FC in the I-League on loan
from Mumbai City in the Indian Super League. He is
the captain of the Indian national football team, and
also the all-time top goal scorer with 50 goals in 88
appearances for the senior national team. Chhetri was
born to parents KB Chhetri and Sushila Chhetri, both
of whom are Nepalese. Both parents were also
footballers, his father played for the Indian Army's

40. team while his mother and his twin sister Sasha and Sunanda were members of the Nepal
women's national team. Chhetri started playing football from a young age taking part in
various tournaments.
On 22 August 2012 Chhetri scored a goal with a header in the added time of the first half
against Syria in the first match of Nehru Cup where India won the match 2-1. In the second
match, which was on 25 August he scored two goals against Maldives, one goal coming from
penalty where the team won 3-0. In the final against fancied opponents Cameroon, Chhetri
scored from a well-taken penalty kick to equalize the score at 2-2. In the ensuing penalty
shootout which India won 5-4, Chhetri went as the second kick-taker from India.
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c) HOCKEY:
Field hockey in India refers to two teams, the India men's national field hockey team and the
India women's national field hockey team.
New Committee (IOA):
The Indian Olympic Association appointed a new five-member national selection committee.
This panel will work in conjunction with the International Hockey Federation in managing
field hockey in India. The panel was headed by Aslam Sher Khan, a former MP and former
hockey captain and includes Ashok Kumar, Ajit Pal Singh, Zafar Iqbal and Dhanraj Pillay.
Aslam Sher Khan has now been replaced by Ajit Pal Singh as the chairman of the national
selection committee. Aslam Sher Khan was highly displeased by this decision, though he
remained as a selector.
In a 30 April 2008 interview with India Today, Khan indicated the impact of the 2007 film
about the National Women's Hockey Team, Chak De India, on his
future strategy by stating that he wants "to create a 'Chak De'
effect" within Indian hockey.
India men's national field hockey team: The Indian Hockey
Team is the national men's hockey team of India. It was the first

41. non-European team to be a part of the International Hockey Federation. In 1928, the team
won its first Olympic gold medal. From 1928 to 1956, the Indian men's team remained
unbeaten in the Olympics, garnering six gold medals in a row. The Indian team has won a
total of eight gold, one silver and two bronze medals in Olympics.
On 26 Feb 2012, the India men's national field hockey team qualified for the 2012 Summer
Olympics in London after a gap of 8 years. The team had a resounding victory over France in
the finals of the Olympic qualifiers by beating France by 8–1. Ace drag-flicker Sandeep
Singh, starred in the final against France by scoring five goals – including a hat-trick – all
from penalty corners (19th, 26th, 38th, 49th and 51st). Indian Men's Team Finished in 9th
place in World Cup 2014 held in Hague, Netherlands. Indian team won Silver Medal at the
Commonwealth Games 2014, Glasgow. They lost to Australia 4-0 in the Finals. India will
host the 2018 World Cup. India won 2014 Asian Games Gold Medal after 16 years (last won
in 1998).
India Men's Team at Olympics
From 1928 to 1956, the Indian men's team remained unbeaten in the Olympics, garnering six
gold medals in a row.
Year Rank Venue
1928 Gold Medal Amsterdam Olympics
1932 Gold Medal Los Angeles Olympics
1996 8th Position Atlanta Olympics
2000 7th Position Sydney Olympics
2004 7th Position Athens Olympics
2008 Did not Qualify Beijing Olympics
2012 12th Position London Olympics
2013 10th Position London Olympics
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India Beat Scotland in WWoommeenn''ss HHoocckkeeyy on South Africa Tour.
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Hockey India League has thrown into limelight quite a few talented youngsters.
HHoocckkeeyy IInnddiiaa LLeeaagguuee:: Kalinga Lancers stun champs Ranchi Rays, with the game
finishing 2-2, the semi-final went to a penalty shoot-up. Captain Ashley Jackson and
Barry Middleton faltered for Ranchi Rays.

42. HHIILL 22001166:: RRuuppiinnddeerr PPaall SSiinngghh hhiittss ffoorrmm,, DDeellhhii mmaakkee sseemmiiss,, Rupinder Pal Singh scores
two penalty corners to help Delhi Waveriders beat Kalinga Lancers 6-0, make HIL semi-
final.
TThhee ppllaann ttoo rreeiinnvveenntt hhoocckkeeyy’’ss cciirrccllee,, After the success of the two-goals-a-goal experiment
in HIL, FIH contemplating increasing dimensions of scoring arc.
d) TENNIS:
Tennis has been a popular sport in India since around the 1880s when the British Army and
Civilian Officers brought the game to India. Soon after regular tournaments like the 'Punjab
Lawn tennis Championship' at Lahore (Now in Pakistan) (1885); 'Bengal Lawn Tennis
Championship' at Calcutta (now Kolkata) (1887) and the 'All
India Tennis Championships' at Allahabad (1910) were
organised. In the history of major tournaments, India has already
beaten among others France, Romania, Holland, Belgium, Spain
and Greece in Davis Cup ties (1921 to 1929).
Tennis enjoys a considerable following in India, although it is
limited to urban areas but still it is counted among the most
popular sports in India. India has produced a number of tennis
players, who have achieved international recognition and have
made their presence in some of the top tennis tournaments and grand slams. All India Tennis
Association (AITA) established in 1920, is the governing body of tennis in India and is a
member of Asian Tennis Federation. India Davis Cup team is the most successful team of
Asia in Davis Cup, who has finished as runners-up 3 times.
The All India Tennis Association (AITA) is the governing body of tennis in India. It was
established in 1920 and affiliated by International Tennis Federation and Asian Tennis
Federation. All India Tennis Association operates all of the Indian national representative
tennis sides, including the India Davis Cup team, the India Fed Cup team and youth sides as
well. AITA is also responsible for organising and hosting tennis tournaments within India and
scheduling the home international fixtures.
London Olympics:
On 15 June 2012, the All India Tennis Association on Friday chose Leander Paes and
Mahesh Bhupathi for the men's doubles event of the London Olympics.[4] However Mahesh
Bhupathi showed his reluctance to play alongside Paes. AITA has decided to send two teams
for Olympics, Mahesh Bhupathi and Rohan Bopanna as one team and the other team
consisting of Leander Paes and Vishnu Vardhan.

43. Format of tournaments:
AITA conducts the following types of tournaments:
 Talent Series
 Championship Series
 Super Series
 National Series
 Two Nationals - Hard Court and Clay
The Best Tennis Players from India: The Indian tennis greats on this list range from Rohan
Bopanna to Stephen Amritraj and more.
1. Leander Paes
2. Sania Mirza
3. Mahesh Bhupathi
4. Vijay Amritraj
5. Somdev Devvarman
6. Yuki Bhambri
7. Ramanathan Krishnan
8. Rohan Bopanna
RReecceenntt NNeewwss::
SSaanniiaa MMiirrzzaa--MMaarrttiinnaa HHiinnggiiss MMaakkee WWiinnnniinngg SSttaarrtt aatt IInnddiiaann WWeellllss,,
Sania Mirza and Martina Hingis beat the pair of Casey Dellacqua
and Samantha Stosur in just 68 minutes at Indian Wells.
SSeerreennaa WWiilllliiaammss AAddvvaanncceess,, BBuutt VVeennuuss WWiilllliiaammss FFaallllss iinn IInnddiiaann
WWeellllss RReettuurrnn,, Serena Williams Advances, But Venus Williams Falls
in Indian Wells Return While Serena Williams registered an easy
win over qualifier Laura Siegemund, Venus Williams was stunned
by Kurumi Nara at Indian Wells.
AAggnniieesszzkkaa RRaaddwwaannsskkaa OOvveerrccoommeess TToouugghh FFiigghhtt ttoo PPrrooggrreessss iinn IInnddiiaann WWeellllss TToouurrnnaammeenntt,,
a tough fight from Dominika Cibulkova to progress to the second round of the Indian
Wells tournament.
WWoorrlldd TTaabbllee TTeennnniiss:: IInnddiiaann WWoommeenn''ss TTeeaamm QQuuaalliiffiieess ffoorr MMaaiinn DDrraaww,, Indian women's
team defeated Croatia 3-0 to enter the World Table Tennis Team
Championship main draw. Indian men's team are yet to qualify
for the main round.
SSaanniiaa MMiirrzzaa,, VViirraatt KKoohhllii LLeeaadd PPaacckk OOff 5566 IInnddiiaannss IInn FFoorrbbeess''
AAssiiaa LLiisstt,, Sania Mirza, Indian batting mainstay Virat Kohli and
top-seeded badminton player Saina Nehwal lead the pack of over
50 Indians in Forbes' inaugural list of top "promising young leaders and game changers"
under the age of 30 in Asia.
 Tennis has long been a popular sport in India. Though India has not been a powerful force
in the singles event, it has often done very well in the doubles and mixed doubles
category. Sania Mirza and Rohan Bopanna are the real inspiration for Indian youth.

44. e) MOTOR SPORTS:
Motorsport has gained a lot of popularity in India recent times.
Though it is not common for people of India to take part in the
sport, but has a huge fan following. With the first ever Indian
Formula One driver competing in 2005 and the first ever
Formula One Indian Grand Prix taking place.
Motorsport is a popular form of sport in the nation of India.
Formula One in particular has taken off in the country in the
2000s, with two Indian driver competing (Narain Karthikeyan
and Karun Chandhok) and the first ever Formula One Indian
Grand Prix taking place in 2011, at the newly built Buddh International Circuit. India is also
the home of one of the current Formula One teams, Force India, but the team's base is in the
United Kingdom. The Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India is the official governing
body of motorsport in the country. India also competes in the Moto GP, Moto 3 class with
Mahindra Racing. Mahindra are based in Switzerland but holds an Indian licence.in 2011.
For the first season in 2014-15, Karun Chandhok drives alongside Bruno Senna. Mahindra
finishes 8th of the Teams Championship. The Indian pilot leaves the team after the first
season, and is replaced by Nick Heidfeld.
TT11 PPrriimmaa TTrruucckk RRaacciinngg CChhaammppiioonnsshhiipp is a truck racing championship in India by Tata
Motors. This was also on the calendar of Federation International de l'Automobile (FIA) and
Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India (FMSCI). This event
was held 23 March 2014 at Buddh International Circuit, Greater
Noida. This racing championship had drivers from the British
Truck Racing Championship and the European Truck Racing
Championship. Top British truck racing drivers, including Bran
John Burt, David Jenkins, Paul Mccumisky, David Ball, Stuart
Oliver, James Horne, Simon Ashley Reid, Richard Collett, Mat
Summerfield, Steven Powell, Steven Thomas and Graham Powell
showed their driving skills during the event. The championship was won by Stuart Oliver.
The Indian Grand Prix was a Formula One race in the calendar of the FIA Formula
One World Championship, which was held at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater
Noida near New Delhi.
The first edition took place on 30 October 2011, as the 17th race of the 2011 Formula one
season. The inaugural race was won by Germany's Sebastian Vettel. Jaypee Sports