1. By- Somja Das
BA+MA – CP
IMA-2
Roll No. – A0423413011

2. •
•
•
•
It is a change in the physical,
chemical and biological
characteristics of water &
sediments.
It causes degradation of the
natural quality of the coastal
environments.
It affects the health and
survival of all forms of life.
It is a major problem in
developing countries---and
the trends are expected to
increase.

3.  Defined as the introduction of
substances to the marine
enviornment,
 directly or indirectly by humans
 resulting in adverse effects such as
hazards to human health, obstruction
of marine activities and lowering
quality of sea water.

4.  There
are five main types of inputs
of pollution into the ocean
Direct discharge of waste into the oceans,
 Runoff into the waters due to rain
 Ship Pollution
 Atmospheric Pollution
 Deep Sea Mining

4

5. 




Obvious input of waste through pipes directly
discharging waste into the sea.
Municipal waste and waste •.
from residences are
been discharged into sea.
Pesticides and Fertilisers from agriculture
which are washed off the land by rain enter the
water and reach the sea.
Petroleum and Oil washed off from roads
normally enter sewage system.
Ship accidents and accidental spillages at the
sea can be very damaging to marine
environment

6. 


Amount of oxygen dissloved in water plays
important role for plants and animals living
in it.
Waste directly or indirectly affects the
oxygen concentration plays an important
role in determining quality of water.
The greatest waste discharged to water
courses & sea is sewage which is organic in
nature and is discarded by bacterial
activity.

7. 



Using oxygen present in water these wastes
are broken down into stable inorganic
compounds.
Due to Bacterial Activity oxygen
concentration is reduced
This results in end products like hydrogen,
sulphide, ammonia and methane which are
toxic to many organisms.
This process results in formation of anoxic
zone which is low in oxygen and renders the
water foul-smelling.

8. 





Oil Pollution attracts the greatest
attention because of its visibility.
Main source is Tanker Operations i.e
when ships carry seawater as ballast on
their return.
Ballast Water is stored in the cargo
compartments that contained oil. When
cargo is unloaded some amount of oil
remains.
Ballast Water thus become
contaminated with oil.
When fresh cargo is to be loaded these
compartment are cleaned with water.
Later it discharge dirty ballast along
with oil into sea.

9. 




Red Tides causing a whole area of the water to be
discolored as a result of large amounts of organic
wastes.
Clogging of gills of marine species. This has an
impact on important marine species reducing
market value of seafood.
Damaging impacts of oil slicks on marine and bird
species
Salt Marshes which tend to trap oil affecting their
flowering, fruiting, germination.
Drill cutting dumped on seabed create anoxic
conditions.

10. 
Spills - Detection and
Cleanup
• Strict discipline
• emergency contingency plan
• Oil spill clean up equipment
 Industrial wastewater
treatment

Domestic sewage
• Green infrastructure
approach
• Septic tank

Urban runoff
• Best management
practices