3. INTRODUCTION
Lighting is an essential service in all the
industries, Public place, offices, home etc
Lighting varies between 2 to 10% of the total
power depending on the type of industry.
Innovation and continuous improvement in the
field of lighting, has given rise to tremendous
change
Energy saving may not be ignored with variety
of light
4. Terms
Lumen is a unit of light flow or luminous flux.
The lumen rating of a lamp is a measure of the
total light output of the lamp.
Lux is the metric unit of measure for
illuminance of a surface. One lux is equal to
one lumen per square meter.
Circuit Watts is the total power drawn by
lamps and ballasts in a lighting circuit under
assessment.
Unit: lux per watt per square metre (lux/W/m²)
5. Terms contd ....
Incandescent lamps produce light by means of a filament
heating
GLS (General Lighting Service) lamp include the filament,
the bulb, the fill gas and the cap.
Reflectorlamps are basically incandescent, provided with a
high quality internal mirror, which follows exactly the
parabolic shape..
Luminaire is a device that distributes, filters or transforms
the light emitted from one or more lamps. It is a housing.
•Ballast-A current limiting device, to counter
negative resistance characteristics of any
discharge lamps.
6. Gas discharge lamps:
The light from a gas discharge lamp is produced by
the excitation of gas contained in either a tubular
or elliptical outer bulb.
The most commonly used discharge lamps are as
follows:
• Fluorescent tube lamps (FTL)
• Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)
• Mercury Vapour Lamps
• Sodium Vapour Lamps
• Metal Halide Lamps
7. Lux level
Activity
Illumination
(lux, lumen/m2
)
Public areas with dark surroundings 20 - 50
Simple orientation for short visits 50 - 100
Working areas where visual tasks are only occasionally performed 100 - 150
Warehouses, Homes, Theaters, Archives 150
Easy Office Work, Classes 250
Normal Office Work, PC Work, Study Library, Groceries, Show Rooms, Laboratories 500
Supermarkets, Mechanical Workshops, Office Landscapes 750
Normal Drawing Work, Detailed Mechanical Workshops, Operation Theatres 1,000
Detailed Drawing Work, Very Detailed Mechanical Works 1500 - 2000
Performance of visual tasks of low contrast and very small size for prolonged
periods of time
2000 - 5000
Performance of very prolonged and exacting visual tasks 5000 - 10000
Performance of very special visual tasks of extremely low contrast and small size 10000 - 20000
8. Light orientation
Diffuse light: This produces
very uniform, soft lighting,
which illuminates the entire
space and makes objects
visible, but produces
reduced shadows or
reflections.
Directed light :The essential
properties of directed light
are the production of
shadows on objects and
structured surfaces, and
11. Application area
Indoor lighting
Out door lighting
Lighting in hazardous area
Lighting in mine
Domestic lighting
Industrial lighting
Lighting for monument
Street lighting
Training hall
Shopping mall
High way lighting
Hotels, reception, room,
bar room, conference
room
Housing colony
Auditorium
Cinema hall
Fair
Club
Street lighting
Park lighting
Light house
Religious place
13. Lamp code
Letter
position
Mercury, lamp
Indicates
1st
letter Medium , example ,M=mercury
2nd
letter Pressure
A=Medium pressure
B=high pressure
C= low pressure
D=extra high pressure
E= extra high pressure
3rd
and 4th
Construction, coating, reflector
F=fluorescent coating
I = halide additive to arc
L=double end
R=reflector , T=tungsten filament
Last letter Mounting , U=universal,
V=vertical , H=horizontal
Letter
position
Sodium lamp Indicates
1st
letter Medium , example
,s=sodium
2nd
, 3rd
letter LI=long, low pressure,
cap at each end
OX=single ended, low
pressure, u shaped
ON=high pressure , oxide
arc tube
Last letter T=high pressure, clear
glass, tubular ,single end
TD=high pressure ,
tubular, double end
15. Meaning of T5,T8,T12
T5 lamps are
fluorescent
lamps that are
5/8" of an inch in
diameter
The "T" in lamp
nomenclature
represents the
shape of the
lamp-tubular.
16. Installation of "exclusive"transformerfor
lighting
In most of the industries, lighting load varies
between 2 to 10%. Most of the problems faced by
the lighting equipment and the "gears" is due to
the "voltage" fluctuations. Hence, the lighting
equipment has to be isolated from the power
feeders. This provides a better voltage regulation
for the lighting. This will reduce the voltage
related problems, which in turn increases the
efficiency of the lighting system.
17. ACT FAST AND INITIATE
FIRST
बड़ा सोचो
तेजी से सोचो व
सबसे पहले सोचो
िवचारो पर िकसी का
एकािधकार नही होता.
---- धीरभाई अमबानी