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Reported Speech
1. REPORTED SPEECH
Statements
The verb shifts back into the past
Sheila: I am having a party on Saturday
Pres. cont
Reported: She said she was having a party
Past cont.
BACKSHIFT OF TENSES
PRESENT SIMPLE ï PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS ï PAST CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT ï PAST PERFECT
PAST SIMPLE ï PAST PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ï PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT ï PAST PERFECT
FUTURE SIMPLE ï CONDITIONAL SIMPLE
(...)
2. REPORTED SPEECH
Statements
MODAL VERBS
CAN ï COULD
SHALL ï SHOULD
SHOULD ï SHOULD
MUST ï HAD TO
MAY ï MIGHT
MIGHT ï MIGHT
WILL ï WOULD
REPORTING VERBS
SAY: She said she was going
TELL: She told me she was going
IND.
3. REPORTED SPEECH
Questions
1) Yes / No Questions
There are some steps which are the same as in statements (changing of the person, backshift of
tenses, changing of expressions of time).
In Reported speech the question becomes a statement.
Word order is: subject â verb - complements
Did he travel there?
She asked IF he had travelled there
2) Wh- / How Questions
When are you leaving?
She asked when she was leaving
Where can we go?
She asked where they could go
REPORTING VERBS
Ask: He asked me where I live
He asked how much it was
4. REPORTED SPEECH
Orders
1) Affirmative commands
tell + to + infinitive.
Father: "Do your homework.â
Father told me to do my homework.
2) Negative commands
tell + NOT + to + infinitive.
Teacher. "Don't talk to your neighbour.â
The teacher told me not to talk to my neighbour.
REPORTING VERBS
Ask: He asked me to stop talking
Tell: He told me not to go there
5. REPORTED SPEECH
Here-and-now words
This (evening) ï that (evening)
These ï those
Here ï there
Now ï then
Today ï That day
Tonight ï that night
Yesterday ï the day before / the day before
Last night ï the night before
Last weekend ï the weekend before / the previous weekend
2 days ago ï 2 days before
Tomorrow ï the next/following day
next (week) ï the following (week)
6. REPORTED SPEECH
Here-and-now words
This (evening) ï that (evening)
These ï those
Here ï there
Now ï then
Today ï That day
Tonight ï that night
Yesterday ï the day before / the day before
Last night ï the night before
Last weekend ï the weekend before / the previous weekend
2 days ago ï 2 days before
Tomorrow ï the next/following day
next (week) ï the following (week)