CORE 9

1. 21st Century Literature from
the Philippines and the World
PRESENTED BY: BENJIE F. GOOD, LPT

2. This course aims to
engage students in
appreciation and critical
study of 21st Century
Literature from the
Philippines and the
World encompassing
their various
dimensions, genres,

3. Hi! Welcome to
Philippine
Literature!

4. INTRODUCTION TO
LITERATURE
LITERATURE 1: PHILIPPINE LITERATURE AND ITS PERIODS

5. Definition
Essence and
Significance
Qualities of a
Literary
Literary Types
LITERATUR
E

6. WHAT IS
LITERATURE?
Literature, most
generically, is any body
written works. Most
restrictively, literature
refers to writing
considered to be an art
form or any single
writing deemed to have
artistic or intellectual
value, often due to
deploying language in
ways that differ from
ordinary usage.

7. Literature and
history are
interrelated. In
discovering the
history of a race,
the feelings,
aspirations,
customs and
LITERATUR
E

8. DEFINITION:
etymology
litera > letters
literatura >
writing/learning
literatus >

9. literature
• “story of man”
• produced by someone who is
“literate or learned”
• everything that has ever been
written – “beautiful writing”

10. What’s the essence and significance
of Literature?

11. Essence &
significance•To understand the human nature fully
•To learn the innermost feelings and
thoughts of people
•To entertain and give pleasure
•To realize our literary limitations
conditioned by some historical factors

12. •To understand ourselves better and take
pride in being a Filipino
•To better appreciate our literary heritage
•To trace the rich heritage of ideas handed
down to us from our ancestors
•To manifest our deep concern for our
own literature
Essence &
significance

13. QUALITIES OF A GOOD
LITERATURE
 Artistry – ‘sense of beauty’
 Suggestiveness – ‘emotional power’
 Spiritual Value – ‘bringing out moral values’
 Permanence – ‘gives fresh delight’
 Universality – ‘timeless and timely’

14. GENERAL TYPES OF LITERATURE

15. PROSE
WRITTEN WITHIN
COMMON FLOW OF
CONVERSATION
IN SENTENCES
AND
PARAGRAPH
HAS NO
METRICAL
REGULARITY
USING
ORDINARY
LANGUAGE

16. EXAMPLE OF PROSE
•Novel
•Short Story
•Legend
•Fables
•Play
•Essay
•Biography
•Autobiography

17. POETRY
written in verse
With measure and rhyme- line an
stanzas
Uses figurative language

18. TYPES OF POETR
NARRATIVE
POETRY
Epic
Metrical Tale
Ballad
LYRIC POETRY
Folksongs
Sonnet
Elegy
Ode
Psalm
DRAMATIC
POETRY
Comedy
Melodrama
Tragedy
Farce

19. TYPES OF POETR
NARRATIVE POETRY
Epic- This is an
extended narrative
about heroic exploits
often under
supernatural control.
It may deal with
Metrical Tale – This is a
narrative which is
written in verse and can
be classified either as a
ballad or a metrical
romanceBallad- this is considered
the shortest and simplest
incident.

20. TYPES OF POETR
LYRIC POETRY
Folksongs- These are
short poems
intended to be sung.
The common theme
is love, despair,
hatred, doubt, joy,
Sonnet- A 14-line poem
with a rhyme scheme
Elegy- This is a lyric
poem which expresses
feelings of a grief and
melancholy and the
theme of which is death

21. TYPES OF POETR
Ode- This is a poem
of noble feelings,
expressed with
dignity, with no
definite number of
lines in a stanza.
Psalm- A This is a song
praising God or the
Blessed Virgin Mary
containing a philosophy
in life.

22. TYPES OF POETR
DRAMATIC POETRY
Comedy- Th This
form usually is light
and written with the
purpose of amusing
spectators and has a
happy ending.
Melodrama- This is used
in musical plays and is
related to the tragedy. It
arouses immediate and
intense emotion and is
usually sad but with a
happy ending for the

23. TYPES OF POETR
DRAMATIC POETRY
Tragedy- The
primary character
has not overcome
desperate
circumstances.
Farce- This is an
exaggerated comedy. It
seeks to arouse wit by
laughable lines and its
situations are too
ridiculous to be true. The
characters seem to be
caricatures and the

24. Periods of Philippine
literature

25. Periods of Philippine
literature
Period of Re-Orientation
Pre-Hispanic Period
Spanish Period
American Period
Japanese Period
Philippine Republic
Martial Law Period
Post-Martial Law Period
Contemporary Period

26. BIBLE
•SACRED
WRITINGS
•THIS HAS
BECOME THE
BASIS OF
CHRISTIANITY
ORIGINATING
FROM
PALESTINE AND
GREECE

27. KOR’AN
• The Muslim Bible
originating from Arabia
• It is a record of exact
words revealed by God
through the Angel
Gabriel to Muhammad.

28. THE ILIAD
AND THE
ODYSSEY
These has been the
source of myths and
legends of Greece. They
were written by Homer.

29. THE
MAHABHARA
TA
•The longest epic of the
world. It contains the
history of religion of India
•One of the two major
Sanskrit epics of ancient
India, the other being is
Ramayana

30. CANTERBURY
TALES
•It depicts the religion
and customs of the
English in the early
days. This originated
from England and was
written Geoffrey
Chaucer.

31. THE DIVINE
COMEDY
This shows the
religion and
customs of the
early Italians.

32. UNCLE TOM’S
CABIN
•Written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe of
the US. This
depicted the sad
fate of slaves; this
became the basis
of democracy
later.

33. EL CID
COMPEAD
OR
This shows the cultural
characteristics of the
Spaniards and their
national history.

34. THE SONG OF
ROLAND
This includes Doce Pares
and Roncesvalles of France.
It tells about the Golden
Age of Christianity in France.

35. THE BOOK OF
THE DEAD
This includes the cult of
Osiris and the
mythology and
theology of Egypt.

36. THE BOOK OF
THE DAYS
This was written by
Confucius of China. This
became the basis of
Christian Religion.

37. ONE THOUSAND
AND ONE NIGHT OR
THE ARABIAN
NIGHTS
From Arabia and Persia
(Iran). It shows the ways of
government, of industries
and of society of the Arabs
and Persians

38. PRE-
Hispa
nic
PERIO
D
Literature was principally ‘oral’
Poetic forms:
Riddles (Bugtong)
Proverbs (Salawikain)
Sayings or Maxims
(Kasabihan)
Folk Songs (Kantahing Bayan)
Epic (Epiko)
Legends (Alamat)
Fables (Pabula)
Folk Tales (Kwentong Bayan)

39. - Also known as
‘bugtong’
- A folklore genre
having double
meanings meant to be
solved.
- A question, puzzle,
phrase, or statement
devised to get
unexpected or clever
answers.

40. RIDDLES
Mataas kung nakaupo, mababa
kung nakatayo. (aso)
Heto na si Ingkong, bubulong-
bulong. (bubuyog)

41. RIDDLES
Alin sa mga santa ang apat ang
paa?
- (Sta.Mesa)
Sinampal ko muna, bago inalok.
- (Sampalok)

42. PROVER
BS
- Also known as
“salawikain/
sawikain”
-‘folk wisdom’ ‘give advices’

43. PROVERBS
Matibay ang walis, palibhasay
magkabigkis.
Daig ng maagap ang masipag.

44. - a well-known statement
‘no hidden meaning’
“Ang hindi marunong
lumingon sa pinanggalingan
ay hindi makakarating sa
paroroonan.”
“Ang hindi magmahal sa
kanyang wika ay higit pa sa
hayop at malansang isda.”

45. MAXIMRhyming couplets with verses of 5, 6, or 8 syllables, each
line having the same number of syllables.
‘Pag hindi ukol
Hindi bubukol.’
‘Sa marunong umunawa
Sukat ang ilang salita.’

46. CHANT
- Also known as ‘bulong’ – used in
witchcraft or enchantment
Ikaw ang magnanakaw ng bigas
ko
Lumuwa sana ang mga mata
mo
Mamaga sana ang katawan mo

47. Folk Songs (Kantahing Bayan)
Oyayi –
Lullaby
Soliranin –
Boat Song
Kumintang –
War Song
Diona –
Wedding Song
Kundiman –
Love Song
Dalit -
Religious Song
Dapayanin -
Drinking Song
Hibais - Travel
Song

48. KUNDIMAN

49. EPIC
(EPIKO)
A long narrative poem
which deals with the exploits
or adventures of a hero
a. literary epic
b. folk epic

50. LEGEND
(ALAMAT)
- story about the ‘origin of
things’
Example:
The Legend of Lanzones
The Moon and the Sky

51. FABLES
(PABULA)-Featuring animals that behave and speak
as human beings
Example: Ang Tipaklong at ang Langgam
Si Pagong at si Matsing

52. ALIBATA
• pre- Hispanic writing
system in the
Philippines
• “It was through this
writing that
prehistoric Philippine
Literature was
preserved.”

53. Spanish
PERIOD

54. Spanish
PERIOD• Many writing were lost because the Spaniard
burned them… so as not to leave traces of
Philippine literary ingenuity.
• Doctrina Cristiana – Catholic book of prayers
and doctrines; first ever printed book in the
Philippines; written by Fr. Fr. Juan de
Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva

55. PASYO
N• written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen, Don Luis,
Fr. Mariano Pilapil, and Fr. Aniceto de la Merced
• depicting the sufferings and death of Jesus
Christ
Pabasa
- cantada
- hablada

56. FRANCISCO
BALTAZAR
•“BALAGTAS”
•“FLORANTE AT LAURA”
“URBANA AT FELISA”

57. The
Propagandists‘Jose P. Rizal’; ‘Marcelo Del Pilar’; ‘Graciano Lopez
Jaena’; ‘Jose Ma. Panganiban’
‘Andres Bonifacio’; ‘Emilio Jacinto’; ‘Apolinario Mabini’;
‘Mariano Ponce’

58. American PERIOD

59. American Period
• ‘Public School System’
Philippine Normal School (1901)
University of the Philippines (1908)
• ‘English language’
Thomasites – first English teachers

60. Factors:
• Freedom of Expression
• Freedom of the Press

62. SCHOOL OF
THOUGHT•Art for art’s sake – ‘Jose Garcia Villa’
•Art for society’s sake – ‘Salvador Lopez’

63. Japanese Period

64. Japanese
period•“The writing came to a halt… with
the coming of the Japanese.”
•‘Nippongo or Nihongo (Japanese
Language)
•Ikebana, Origami, Tempura and
Sushi

65. Japanese
period•“Haiku, Tanka, and Senryu
•Haiku – 5-7-5
•Senryu – 5-7-5
•Tanka – 5-7-5-7-7

66. Haiku
The leaves change colour
Fall has fallen once again
The colours so bright

67. SENRYU
Nebulous beauty
Buried in senseless symbols
Frames a modern art!

68. TANKA
“A cool wind blows in
With a blanket of silence.
Straining to listen
For those first few drops of rain,
The storm begins in earnest.”

69. Philippine
republic•Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for
Literature
•By this time, the Filipinos were producing
works in English, vernacular, and Filipino

70. Martial
law
• September 21, 1972
• The writer’s freedoms
were suppressed.
• Only the government
publications continued to
see print
• Malaya – underground
anti-government and
anti-Marcos publication

71. Post
Martial
law
• Edsa Revolution was responsible for the
restoration of the lost freedom.
• GABRIELLA – feminist writers
• National Artist Awards are given to Filipino
writers who have significant contribution to the
Philippine Art.

72. There are increase number of publication and
rise of literary groups or associations.

73. Under any circumstances,
during peacetime or
wartime, nobody can prevent
any individual who has the
passion to write.