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Medication administration part 1
- 2. Part 1 Principles and Routes of Medication Administration
- 3. Part 1 Topics Aseptic Technique Medication Administration Routes Medication Package Anatomy and Physiology Related to Medication Administration
- 4. Six Rights of Drug Administration Right person Right drug Right dose Right time Right route Right documentation
- 5. Knowing all drug administration protocols is essential.
- 6. Always take appropriate body substance isolation measures to reduce your risk of exposure during medication administration.
- 7. Body substance isolation equipment.
- 8. Medical Asepsis It is important to keep the ambulance and all the equipment clean. Sterile—free of all forms of life Medically clean—involves careful handling to prevent contamination
- 9. Treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious.
- 10. Needle Handling Precautions Minimize the tasks performed in a moving ambulance. Immediately dispose of used sharps in a sharps container. Recap needles only as a last resort.
- 11. Medication Administration and Documentation Record all information concerning the patient and medication including: Indication for drug administration. Dosage and route delivered. Patient response to the medication—both positive and negative.
- 12. Percutaneous drug administration is drugs applied to and absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes.
- 13. Transdermal Absorbed through the skin at a slow, steady rate. Method: 1. BSI. 2. Clean administration site. 3. Apply medication. 4. Leave medication in place for required time. Monitor the patient for desirable or adverse effects.
- 14. Mucous Membranes Absorbed through the mucous membranes at a moderate to rapid rate.
- 15. Sublingual Medication Administration Place the pill or direct spray between the underside of the tongue and the floor of the oral cavity.
- 16. Buccal Medication Administration Place the medication between the patient’s cheek and gum.
- 17. Eye Drop Administration Use a medication dropper to place the prescribed dosage on the conjunctival sac.
- 19. Aural Medication Administration Manually open the ear canal and administer the appropriate dose.
- 20. Pulmonary Drug Administration Medications are administered into the pulmonary system via inhalation or injection.
- 22. Nebulizer with attached face mask, bag-valve mask, and endotracheal tube.
- 24. Endotracheal Tube Several medications can be administered through an endotracheal tube: Lidocaine Epinephrine Atropine Naloxone
- 25. Enteral Drug Administration The delivery of any medication that is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.
- 27. Oral Drug Administration Any medication taken by mouth and swallowed into the GI tract. Be sure the patient has an adequate level of consciousness to prevent aspiration.
- 28. Oral Drug Forms Capsules Elixirs Tablets Emulsions Pills Lozenges Enteric coated/ Suspensions time release Syrups capsules and tablets
- 29. Equipment for Oral Administration Soufflé cup Teaspoon Medicine cup Oral syringe Medicine Nipple dropper
- 30. Gastric Tube Administration Gastric tubes provide access directly to the GI system.
- 31. Confirm proper tube placement.
- 32. Withdraw the plunger while observing for the presence of gastric fluid or contents.
- 33. Instill the medication into the gastric tube.
- 34. Gently inject the saline.
- 35. Clamp off the distal tube.
- 36. Rectal Administration The rectum’s extreme vascularity promotes rapid drug absorption. Medications do not travel through the liver, and are not subject to hepatic alteration.
- 37. Catheter placement on needleless syringe
- 38. Syringe attached to endotracheal tube
- 40. Parenteral Drug Administration Drug administration outside of the gastrointestinal tract.
- 41. Syringes and Needles Syringe. Hypodermic needle.
- 42. Kinds of Parenteral Drug Containers Glass ampules Single and multidose vials Nonconstituted syringes Prefilled syringes Intravenous medication fluids
- 43. Ampules and Vials Ampules. Vials.
- 44. Information On Drug Labels Name of medication Expiration date Total dose and concentration
- 45. Hold the ampule upright and tap its top to dislodge any trapped solution.
- 46. Place gauze around the thin neck…
- 47. …and snap it off with your thumb.
- 48. Draw up the medication.
- 49. Confirm the vial label.
- 50. Prepare the syringe and hypodermic needle.
- 51. Cleanse the vial’s rubber top.
- 52. Insert the hypodermic needle into the rubber top and inject the air from the syringe into the vial.
- 53. The nonconstituted drug vial actually consists of two vials, one containing a powdered medication and one containing a liquid mixing solution.
- 54. Nonconstituted drugs come in separate vials. Confirm the labels.
- 55. Remove all solution from the vial containing the mixing solution.
- 56. Cleanse the top of the vial containing the powdered drug and inject the solution.
- 57. Agitate or shake the vial to ensure complete mixture.
- 58. Prepare a new syringe and hypodermic needle.
- 59. Withdraw the appropriate volume of medication.
- 60. In the Mix-O-Vial system, the vials are joined at the neck. Confirm the labels.
- 61. Squeeze the vials together to break the seal. Agitate or shake to mix completely.
- 62. Withdraw the appropriate volume of medication.
- 63. Parenteral Routes Intradermal injection Subcutaneous injection Intramuscular injection Intravenous access Intraosseous infusion
- 65. Assemble and prepare the needed equipment.
- 67. Draw up the medication.
- 68. Prepare the administration site.
- 69. Pull the patient’s skin taut.
- 70. Insert the needle, bevel up at a 10°–15° angle.
- 71. Remove the needle and cover the puncture site with an adhesive bandage.
- 73. Subcutaneous Injection 45º
- 77. Draw up the medication.
- 78. Prep the site.
- 79. Insert the needle at a 45° angle.
- 80. Remove the needle and cover the puncture site.
- 82. Intramuscular Injection Sites Deltoid Dorsal gluteal Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris
- 83. Intramuscular Injection 90º
- 87. Draw up the medication.
- 89. Insert the needle at a 90° angle.
- 90. Remove the needle and cover the puncture site.
- 92. Part 1 Summary Aseptic technique Medication administration routes Medication package Anatomy and physiology related to medication administration