This document discusses India's growing energy needs and the potential for integrating renewable energy sources like wind and solar through a smart grid platform. India's population and economy are rising rapidly, increasing energy demand, but the current power infrastructure relies heavily on fossil fuels and faces issues like shortages, losses, and an inability to accommodate variable renewable sources. A smart grid could help manage this transition by better integrating all available energy resources, reducing losses, enabling demand response, and addressing problems with intermittent renewables. The document outlines India's progress so far in deploying smart grid technologies and renewable energy.

1. Integrating Wind and Solar Energy in
India for a
Smart Grid Platform
Farhan Beg
With Support and
Editorial by
Mr Peter Meissen

2. India’s Location
Source: Esri

3. India, Latitude and Longitude
Source: www.wikipedia.org/india

4. Population
Current Population: 1.27 Billion
Source: CIA world Factbook

5. India’s Population Density
Source:
https://wikis.engrade.com
/imperialisminindia/2

6. Energy Consumption
(quadrillion Btu)
800
700
600
500
OECD
400
Rest of the World
300
China and India
200
100
0
1990
2000
2008
2015
Currently
2025
2035
Source : IEA

7. India’s Energy Consumption and GDP
Source: EIA

8. The Two Fastest Growing Major Economies
Peoples Republic of China vs. Republic of India
China
India
Population (July 2013 est.)
1.34 billion
1.28 billion
Electricity Installed generation
capacity (2012 est.)
1100.78 GW
220.23 GW
Electricity from fossil fuels
69.5 % of installed
capacity
69.9 % of installed
capacity
Electricity from Renewable
sources
29.6 % of installed
capacity
27.6 % of installed
capacity
Carbon dioxide emission from
8.321 billion Mt
consumption of energy.(est 2010)
Source: CIA
world
Factbook
1.696 billion Mt
Carbon dioxide emission of China is nearly 5 times more as that of India!

9. Acknowledging Power Supply and Demand
The Gap between demand and supply is wide and growing.
• Growing economy and massive urbanization is putting more stress on energy and the
environment.
• The average electricity consumption in India is still among the lowest in the world at just
630 kWh per person per year, but this is expected to grow to 1000 kWh in the near
future.
Source: CEA, Ministry of Power India

10. Population Growth, Electricity Production,
and Electricity Consumption
Population Growth
Millions
1500
1000
500
0
Electricity
Production
MW
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
1000
500
0
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Electricity
Consumption
MW
1000
Source:
Indian Ministry of Power
500
0
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

11. India’s Energy Consumption for
Electricity Generation
Hydro
19%
Nuclear
2%
Biomass & other
Renewable
12%
Coal
57%
Gas
9%
Diesel
1%
Source: EIA

12. Electricity Scenario of India
Key regulatory bodies in the Indian Power Sector
Department of
Atomic Energy
Ministry of Power
Central Electricity
Regularity Commission
Central Electricity
Authority
State Electricity
Regularity Commissions
Installed Capacity: 220 GW
Peak Demand:
170 GW
Peak Deficit: 8.6 %
Energy Deficit: 4.8 %
Growth Rate: 8-9 % PA
For the Year 2011
Source: Central Electricity Authority

13. Issues Facing India’s Power Sector
Generation Side
Transmission
Side
Distribution Side

14. Generation
•Fuel (Coal and Gas) Shortage is acute.
•Many power plants have less than seven days' of coal stocks, a level seen
as critical to continuous operation.
•Present demand–supply gap of coal is around 85 million tons and
it is expected to increase gradually to nearly 140 million tons by 2017.
•Capacity addition from hydropower sources slowed in the past couple of
years

15. Transmission
• A huge 12 percent of the electricity generated is lost while evacuating
power to the consumers as Transmission losses which can go to as high as
50 percent in some states.
• The officially declared transmission and losses in India have steadily risen
from about 7 percent up to the year 1966-67 to about 12 percent in
1998-99

16. Distribution
•Distribution companies, mostly state-owned, are mired with about $35 billion
in debt barring them from investing more into the R&D and up gradation of
their utilities.
•The estimated loss of all the State distribution utilities has been estimated at
Rs 2400 million as of March 31, 2012

17. Before And Now
•Grid infra-structure established over a 100 years ago
•Main purpose was to supply electricity to a few loads
•Power Generation was localized and built around small
communities
(State of Transition)
•The needs of the civilization are not modest anymore
•Grid structure is becoming complex with every passing day
and loads are increasing in size and convulsion
•A constant interest related to integrating variable sources of
energies that give rise to harmonic instability.

18. Grid Modernization
w
Source: www.enel.com

19. Smart Grid, A Remedy
Issue
What a Smart Grid can do?
•Supply Shortfalls
A Smart Grid better manages the integration of all
available resources of energy into the grid.
•Huge Losses
Allows the integration of Distribution Energy
Resources (DER’s) that can allow localised
generation hence reducing the transmission and
equipment losses
•Human element in
system operations
Provides the platform for introduction of Advanced
Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for a better User
Interface (UI)
•Peak Load Management
Allows a perceptive load control which can prevent
the peak time shortfall
•Integration of
renewable energy
Manages problems caused by intermittency and
distributed power

20. Smart Grid Deployment
The ‘Smart’ in a Smart Grid is an Information Communication Technology (ICT) that
brings together a variety of computing and telecommunications technologies. The
ICT enables the Smart Grid’s envisioned benefits to become a reality.
Source: www.siemens.com

21. Technology of Smart Grids
Smart Grids encompass a wide range of operations such as
• detecting and identifying faults and a quick response to power outages,
• providing consumers with near real-time information on the amount and
cost of the power they use,
• improving the security of the system, and
• linking all elements of the grid to enable better decision making on the
resource use.
Various technologies in action
• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA)
• Distribution Management System (DMS)
• Distribution Automation System (DAS)
• Automated Meter Reading (AMR)
• Geographical Information System (GIS)
• Phasor Measurement Units (PMU’s)
Source: www.sandiegofreepress.org

22. Home Area Network
Home Area Network (HAN) connects thermostats, refrigerators and other
electrical devices in a Smart Home to an energy management system
Source: www.smartgrid portal.org

23. Integration of Renewable Energy
Integration of Renewable Energy is probably the biggest
thrust for a Smart Grid Deployment in India
• Has to be converged at grid operator level and requires a
superior Energy Management System
• The Smart Grid’s superior capability of introducing new
sources of energy to the grid clearly signifies that more
Distributed Generation can be integrated into it
Solar and Wind energy are crucial and primary factors of a
cleaner and greener energy future

24. Demerits of Conventional Fuels
Coal
• Dependence on imported coal is on the rise, supply from
the local quarries is on a shallow decrease on account of
production and analytical constraints
Oil
• Energy Security and Political Instability always tan the oil
import scenario of the country
Natural Gas
• Domestic gas resources are limited. Moreover RLNG is
costly and not a feasible option for power generation
Hydro
• Even though India is rich in Hydro potential but
harnessing Hydel potential to meet the requirements
is a challenging task

25. India’s Renewable Scenario
As on November 2012, 12% of total installed capacity (210 GW) through renewable
sources
• Wind (18.3 GW)
• Small Hydro (3.4 GW)
• Biomass (1.2 GW)
• Solar (1 GW)
Progressive Renewable Sector
2012
Small
Hydro
3395
MW
Solar
941
MW
Biomass
1950
MW
Wind
18352
MW
2017 est’d
Small
Hydro
4995
MW
Solar
4741
MW
Biomass
3250
MW
Wind
28352
MW

26. The Role of Renewable Energy
•
•
The notion of renewable energy as an “alternate” form of
energy is no longer a valid argument.
India is currently ranked 5th in the world in all renewable
energy fronts.
Source: www.indexmundi.com

27. India’s Renewable
Energy Breakdown
by State
Wind/Solar
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
11%
4% 7%
12%
9%
4%
8%
7%
14%
24%
Uttar
Pradesh
Andhra
Pradesh
Others
Gujarat
J&K

28. Wind Energy in India
• Wind Energy program initiated in 1983-84
• Total Potential of Wind Energy in India is estimated at 45000 MW
Installed Wind Power
Wind Power Potential
(MW)
12000
280
10000
8000
6000
Gross Potential
(MW)
4000
140
2000
West Bengal
Tamil Nadu
Rajasthan
Orissa
Maharashtra
2005
Madhya Pradesh
2004
Kerela
2003
0
Gujarat
2002
Technical
Potential (MW)
Karnataka
2001
64
Andhra Pradesh
51
65
Source: Weather Department of the University of Delhi

29. Solar Energy in India
• The average intensity of solar radiation in India is on the order of 20
MW/square km
• The total solar energy potential tends to as high as 657.4 million MW

30. Why do we need a Smart Grid for
integrating Renewable Energies into the
Grid?
• Location Dependent Resources
• Variability
• Unpredictability

31. Location Dependence
• Wind and Solar Resources are highly Location Dependent
• Quality wind and solar resources that are most feasible for RE
generation are based on specific locations
Source: www.windturbineshome.net

32. Solar Energy Resources in India
Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/nonconventional/windresources.htm

33. Wind Energy Resources in India
Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/nonconventional/windresources.htm

34. Non-Controllable Variability and the Smart Grid
• Grid operators need to deal with fluctuations in voltage and frequency
in a second to minute scale.
• If left unchecked can do a significant damage to the System and all the
attached instruments.
The Smart Grid provides a
wide range of ancillary
services:
•
•
•
•
•
Frequency regulation
Spinning Reserves
Non-Spinning Reserves
Voltage Support
Black-Start Capacity
www.siemens.com/controlcentres

35. What has been done in India?
• Smart Grid provides the platform for a more reliable, secure and
sustainable grid in India.
• Pilot Smart Grid projects
o Gujarat
o Chandigarh
• Smart Metering Infrastructure is being planned for a number of
states.
• Dr Sam Pitroda, chairman India Smart Grid Task Force launched
the Smart Grid portal in 2013 : www.IndiaSmartGrid.org

36. If you have any questions, or would
like to help further this research,
please contact
Mr Farhan Beg, via email:
farhan.beg@geni.org
Farhan Beg is a Power Engineer from the
National Institute of
Technology, Srinagar, India
(www.NITSRI.net) and is a researcher at the
Global Energy Network Institute, San Diego
USA (www.GENI.org)