3. にほんご ですよ。
It’s
Japanese,
you
know.
• よ
is
an
emphasizer.
Adding
よ to
the
end
of
a
sentence
emphasizes
what
you
are
expressing
in
your
sentence.
• It
does
not
have
a
direct
translaAon,
but
could
be
translated
as,
“…you
know.”
• It’s
also
used
when
the
speaker
offers
new
informaAon
to
the
listener.
– For
example:
• どうようび は ひま ですよ。
• I
am
free
on
Saturday,
you
know.
• えんぴつ が ありますよ。
• I
have
a
pencil,
you
know.
5. なん じ です か。
What
@me
is
it?
• In
Japanese,
the
word
じ can
mean
either
the
hour
(o’clock)
or
“Ame.”
– なん じ です か。
– What
Ame
is
it?
– いま は なん じ です か。
– What
Ame
is
it
now?
– いち じ です。
– It’s
1
o’clock.
• Minute(s)
are
expressed
with
the
word
ぷん
(pun)
which
can
also
be
pronounced
ふん
(hun)
depending
on
the
preceding
sound.
– If
the
preceding
sound
is
a
vowel
(a,e,i,o,u)
“minutes”
is
pronounced
ふん.
– If
the
preceding
sound
is
a
consonant,
it
is
pronouncedぷん.
– You
must
memorize
when
either
ふん or
ぷん is
used.
Take
a
look
at
the
table
on
the
next
slide.
6. To
tell
the
Ame,
you
simply
add
the
hour
(じ)
to
the
minutes
(ふん
or
ぷん)
like
so:
くじ じゅっぷん です。
It’s
9:10.
Hour(s)
Minute(s)
1:00 いちじ :01 いっぷん
2:00 にじ :02 に ふん
3:00 さんじ :03 さん ぷん
4:00* よじ :04* よん ぷん
5:00 ごじ :05 ご ふん
6:00 ろくじ :06 ろっぷん
7:00* しちじ :07* なな ふん
8:00 はちじ :08 はっぷん
9:00* くじ :09* きゅう ふん
10:00 じゅうじ :10 じゅっぷん
11:00 じゅう いち じ :11 じゅう いっぷん
12:00 じゅう に じ :12 じゅう に ふん
*be
aware
that
the
pronunciaAons
of
4,7,
and
9
are
different
between
hours
and
minutes.
7. なん じ です か。
What
@me
is
it?
• For
making
minutes
beyond
12,
take
a
look
at
these
examples:
– Thus,
to
say
45
minutes,
you
would
say
よん じゅう ごふん.
– Thus,
to
say
30
minutes,
you
would
say
さん じゅっぷん.
• 30
minutes,
or
half
past,
can
also
be
expressed
as
はん (which
literally
means
“half.”)
– For
example:
» ごじ はん です。
» It’s
5:30.
Or
It’s
half
past
5:00.
45
minutes
=
よん じゅう
4 10 and
ごふん
40 5
minutes
30
minutes
=
さん
and
じゅっぷん
3 10
minutes
9. ごぜん ・ ごご
AM
・
PM
AM
=
ごぜん
PM
=
ごご
• In
Japanese,
the
words
to
express
AM
and
PM
are
placed
before
the
Ame.
– For
example:
• ごご いちじ です。
• It’s
1:00
PM.
• ごぜん しちじ じゅう ごふん です。
• It’s
7:15
AM.
11. まえ ・ すぎ
Before
・ AOer
past
/
aaer
=すぎ
to
/
before
=
まえ
• In
Japanese,
the
words
to
express
past/aaer
and
to/before
are
placed
aaer
the
Ame.
– いちじ すぎ です。
– It’s
aaer
1:00.
– ごご はちじ まえ です。
– It’s
before
8:00
PM.
– じゅっぷん まえ です。
– It’s
10
minutes
to.
12. • In
lesson
7,
you
learned
that
the
parAcle
ごじ に
AT
5:00
に can
indicate
locaAon
and
funcAon
like
the
English
“in,”
“at,”
or
“on.”
• In
lesson
8,
you
learned
that
the
parAcle
に can
be
used
to
show
direcAon
and/or
desAnaAon,
and
that
に
could
be
translated
as
“to.”
• In
Lesson
9,
you
learned
that
the
parAcle
に can
be
used
to
describe
what
you
do
“for”
an
occasion.
In
this
lesson,
we
will
learn
one
more
funcAon
of
に.
goji
ni
13. ごじ に
At
5:00
• The
parAcle
に is
also
used
to
denote
a
specific
Ame.
• Some
examples
of
specific
Ame
would
be:
Friday,
Sunday,
4:00
PM,
9
o’clock,
etc.
– For
example:
• ごじ に えいが に いきます。
• I
will
go
to
the
movies
at
5:00.
• よじじゅうごふん に うち に かえります。
• I
will
return
(to)
home
at
4:15.
Note:
When
the
specific
Ame
or
general
Ame
(see
the
notes
on
general
Ame
adverbs
in
lessons
8
&
9)
is
the
topic
of
a
sentence,
it
will
be
followed
by
the
topic
marker
は wa.
– For
parAcle
example:
• きょう は きんようび です。
• Today
is
Friday.
15. クッキー を たべませんか。
Won’t
you
eat
a
cookie?
• The
verb
ending
ませんか is
used
to
express
“would
you…(do
something)?”
or
“won’t
you…(do
something)?”
• You
would
use
this
and
the
following
endings
when
you
want
to
politely
invite
someone
to
do
something.
– For
example:
• おんがく を ききませんか。
• Would
you
listen
to
the
music?
• いきませんか。
• Won’t
you
go?
16. クッキー を たべましょう。
Let’s
eat
a
cookie.
• The
verb
ending
ましょう is
used
to
say
“let’s
(do
something.)”
– This
form
in
par-cular
is
some-mes
called
the
“voli-onal
form.”
• For
example:
– がっこう に いきましょう。
– Let’s
go
to
school.
– うち に かえりましょう。
– Let’s
return
(to)
home.
17. クッキー を たべましょうか。
Shall
we
eat
a
cookie?
• Add
the
ましょうか ending
to
a
verb
to
say
“shall
we
(do
something)?”
– For
example:
• テレビゲーム を しましょうか。
• Shall
we
play
video
games?
• えいが に いきましょうか。
• Shall
we
go
to
the
movies?
18. ませんか /
ましょう /
ましょうか
Verb
ます
form
~ませんか
~ましょう
~ましょうか
To
go
いきます
いきませんか
Would/won’t
you
go?
いきましょう
Let’s
go
いきましょうか
Shall
we
go?
To
eat
たべます
たべませんか
Would/won’t
you
eat?
たべましょう
Let’s
eat
たべましょうか
Shall
we
eat?
To
drink
のみます
のみませんか
Would/won’t
you
drink?
のみましょう
Let’s
drink
のみましょうか
Shall
we
drink?
To
play/do
します
しませんか
Would/won’t
you
do/play?
しましょう
Let’s
do/play.
しましょうか
Shall
we
play/do?
19. おわり
This
is
the
end
of
the
Grammar
Notes
for
this
lesson.
You
can
print
these
notes
for
your
reference
using
the
link
above
this
slideshow.