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Interaction amongst
species
RELATIONSHIPS LESSON #26
Relationships
 All organisms in a community relate in order to survive.
 The life of an organism affects the lives of the rest of members of the community.
 Types of relationships:
1. Intraspecific relationship: relationship between members of the same species.
1. Cooperation
2. Competition.
2. Interspecific relationship: relationship between members of different species.
Species 1
Species 1 Species 2
I. Intraspecific relationships
1. Cooperation
Members of the same species help
each other and work together to
survive.
a. Care of the Young: One member
of the species helps another.
b. Social or Colonial animals like
bees.
◦ Bee hive queen: reproduces. The
workers help and aid in the survival and
reproduction of the queen.
1. Competition
Members of the same species
compete
◦ Resources
◦ Mating
II. Interspecific Relationships
Interspecific relationships can be favorable, harmful or neutral to the organisms involved.
1. Competition
2. Predation
3. Parasitism
4. Mutualism
5. Simbiosis
6. Commensalism
7. Inquilinism
I1. Interspecific Competition
Procambarus clarkia vs. Austropotamobius pallipes
I.2. Predation
Relationship in which one species is food for the other. It
is a predator-prey relationship.
The predator benefits and the prey dies.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Snow_Leopard
Parasitism
An organism (parasite) benefits from another
(host) to get food. It usually causes harm to
the host and can kill it.
Example: Caterpillar is a host to parasitic wasp
larvae.
Mutualism
Two species benefit mutually from the relationship.
Symbiosis: The relationship is considered to be essential to the survival of both species.
GROUP 1 AND 2 LOOK FOR AN EXAMPLE EACH OF SIMBIOSIS
Picture
Name of the species
Explanation of the relationship.
Short video (optional)
Commensalism
One species gets food form the remains or excretory products of another, without causing it any
harm.
GROUP 3 AND 4 LOOK FOR AN EXAMPLE EACH OF COMMENSALISM
Picture
Name/s of the species
Explanation of the relationship.
Short video (optional)
Inquilinism
One organism finds protection or shelter by using another different species, without causing
harm or benefit to the protector.
GROUP 5 AND 6 LOOK FOR AN EXAMPLE EACH OF INQUILINISM
Picture
Name/s of the species
Explanation of the relationship.
Short video (optional)
THE WALL

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Lesson 26 relationship between species

  • 2. Relationships  All organisms in a community relate in order to survive.  The life of an organism affects the lives of the rest of members of the community.  Types of relationships: 1. Intraspecific relationship: relationship between members of the same species. 1. Cooperation 2. Competition. 2. Interspecific relationship: relationship between members of different species. Species 1 Species 1 Species 2
  • 3. I. Intraspecific relationships 1. Cooperation Members of the same species help each other and work together to survive. a. Care of the Young: One member of the species helps another. b. Social or Colonial animals like bees. ◦ Bee hive queen: reproduces. The workers help and aid in the survival and reproduction of the queen. 1. Competition Members of the same species compete ◦ Resources ◦ Mating
  • 4. II. Interspecific Relationships Interspecific relationships can be favorable, harmful or neutral to the organisms involved. 1. Competition 2. Predation 3. Parasitism 4. Mutualism 5. Simbiosis 6. Commensalism 7. Inquilinism
  • 5. I1. Interspecific Competition Procambarus clarkia vs. Austropotamobius pallipes
  • 6. I.2. Predation Relationship in which one species is food for the other. It is a predator-prey relationship. The predator benefits and the prey dies. http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Snow_Leopard
  • 7. Parasitism An organism (parasite) benefits from another (host) to get food. It usually causes harm to the host and can kill it. Example: Caterpillar is a host to parasitic wasp larvae.
  • 8. Mutualism Two species benefit mutually from the relationship. Symbiosis: The relationship is considered to be essential to the survival of both species. GROUP 1 AND 2 LOOK FOR AN EXAMPLE EACH OF SIMBIOSIS Picture Name of the species Explanation of the relationship. Short video (optional)
  • 9. Commensalism One species gets food form the remains or excretory products of another, without causing it any harm. GROUP 3 AND 4 LOOK FOR AN EXAMPLE EACH OF COMMENSALISM Picture Name/s of the species Explanation of the relationship. Short video (optional)
  • 10. Inquilinism One organism finds protection or shelter by using another different species, without causing harm or benefit to the protector. GROUP 5 AND 6 LOOK FOR AN EXAMPLE EACH OF INQUILINISM Picture Name/s of the species Explanation of the relationship. Short video (optional)

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. En la península ibérica ha desplazado en muchísimos cursos de agua al cangrejo de río ibérico (Austropotamobius pallipes lusitanicus). Se ha comprobado algunos individuos capaces de atravesar algunos kilómetros de terreno relativamente secos, especialmente en las épocas húmedas del año, aunque el comercio para acuarios y los pescadores pueden haber acelerado la expansión en algunas zonas (se cree que los pescadores al usar P. clarkii como cebo lo introdujeron en el estado norteamericano de Washington). También se han hecho intentos de usar P. clarkii como uno medio de control biológico de organismos, para reducir las poblaciones de caracoles implicados en el ciclo biológico de esquistosomiasis, por lo que se favorece la introducción de P. clarkii, por ejemplo en Kenia. P. clarkii es un gran excavador y esta labor puede producir daños en el curso de los ríos y en los cultivos, particularmente en el arroz, y sus hábitos de alimentación puede alterar los ecosistemas nativos. Puede competir y desplazar a los cangrejos de río autóctonos, y es vector del hongo Aphanomyces astaci que causa grandes daños a los cangrejos autóctonos. También es vector de virus de cangrejos de río y de varios gusanos parásitos de vertebrados.1 En España P. clarkii ha desplazado al cangrejo de río autóctono (Austropotamobius pallipes lusitanicus) en casi todos los cursos de agua, quedando este sólo en los cursos más altos donde al agua es más fría de ríos de Castilla y León, País Vasco, La Rioja y otras regiones del norte, por lo que se le considera una especie invasora. En zonas donde se ha introducido se han observado la disminución de anfibios ya que consume tanto sus huevos como individuos no adultos. Debido a su potencial colonizador y constituir una amenaza grave para las especies autóctonas, los hábitats o los ecosistemas, esta especie ha sido catalogada en el Catálogo Español de Especies exóticas Invasoras, aprobado por Real Decreto 1628/2011, de 14 de noviembre, estando prohibida en España su introducción en el medio natural, posesión, transporte, tráfico y comercio, si bien se puede autorizar su pesca o captura dentro de las estrategias de eliminación.
  2. En la península ibérica ha desplazado en muchísimos cursos de agua al cangrejo de río ibérico (Austropotamobius pallipes lusitanicus). Se ha comprobado algunos individuos capaces de atravesar algunos kilómetros de terreno relativamente secos, especialmente en las épocas húmedas del año, aunque el comercio para acuarios y los pescadores pueden haber acelerado la expansión en algunas zonas (se cree que los pescadores al usar P. clarkii como cebo lo introdujeron en el estado norteamericano de Washington). También se han hecho intentos de usar P. clarkii como uno medio de control biológico de organismos, para reducir las poblaciones de caracoles implicados en el ciclo biológico de esquistosomiasis, por lo que se favorece la introducción de P. clarkii, por ejemplo en Kenia. P. clarkii es un gran excavador y esta labor puede producir daños en el curso de los ríos y en los cultivos, particularmente en el arroz, y sus hábitos de alimentación puede alterar los ecosistemas nativos. Puede competir y desplazar a los cangrejos de río autóctonos, y es vector del hongo Aphanomyces astaci que causa grandes daños a los cangrejos autóctonos. También es vector de virus de cangrejos de río y de varios gusanos parásitos de vertebrados.1 En España P. clarkii ha desplazado al cangrejo de río autóctono (Austropotamobius pallipes lusitanicus) en casi todos los cursos de agua, quedando este sólo en los cursos más altos donde al agua es más fría de ríos de Castilla y León, País Vasco, La Rioja y otras regiones del norte, por lo que se le considera una especie invasora. En zonas donde se ha introducido se han observado la disminución de anfibios ya que consume tanto sus huevos como individuos no adultos. Debido a su potencial colonizador y constituir una amenaza grave para las especies autóctonas, los hábitats o los ecosistemas, esta especie ha sido catalogada en el Catálogo Español de Especies exóticas Invasoras, aprobado por Real Decreto 1628/2011, de 14 de noviembre, estando prohibida en España su introducción en el medio natural, posesión, transporte, tráfico y comercio, si bien se puede autorizar su pesca o captura dentro de las estrategias de eliminación.