environmental studies subject as per GTU syllabus 1st sem carryout all content.

1. PREPARED BY:-
Karm Balar
ASST. Prof.
S.S.A.S.I.T.
S.S.A.S.I.T G.T.U
SHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARASWATI
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURAT
Air Pollution
Environmental studies

3. Pollution
Water
AirNoise

4. Air Pollution

5. • Any visible or invisible particle or
gas found in the air that is not part
of the original, normal
composition.

6. Air pollution is defined as the presence of
unwanted and undesirable foreign particles and
gases in the air which may have adverse effects on
human beings , plants , vegetation's and important
structures.
Air pollution is of public health concern and can
occur as :
1. Indoor air pollution Micro scale
2.Outdoor air pollution Meso scale
3.Air pollution at global level Macro scale

7. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS
Based on
Origin
Primary air
pollutants
Secondary
air
pollutants
Based on states
of matter
Gaseous air
pollutants
Particulate
air
pollutants
Based on presence in
environment
Indoor air
pollutants
Outdoor air
pollutants

8. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS
I. Classification based on Origin of pollutants:
• Primary air pollutants: Primary air pollutants are those which are directly
emitted from the source into the atmosphere, and remains in the same form in
the atmosphere. For example: Sulphur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide,
etc. The air pollutants are emitted by man made sources like, transportation, fuel
combustion, industrial operations, etc.
• Secondary air pollutants: Secondary air pollutants are those which are formed
by chemical reactions among primary pollutants and atmospheric chemical
species. For example: Ozone, Sulphur trioxide, Ketones, etc.
II. Classification based on states of matter:
• Gaseous air pollutants: Gaseous air pollutants are those air pollutants which
are found in the gaseous state at normal temperature and pressure in the
atmosphere. For example: Carbon-monoxide, Carbon-dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Sulphur oxides, etc.

9. • Particulate air pollutants : Particulates are finely divided, air borne, solid and liquid
particles, which remain for very longtime in air, in suspension. Depending on their size
and mode of formation, particulate air pollutants are further classified as below:
• Aerosols: These are air borne suspensions of solid or liquid particles smaller than 1
mm size. Example: dust, smoke, mist, fume, etc.
• Dust: It consists of small solid particles (size 1 to 200 micro-meter) and are generated
by material crushing, grinding or blasting.
• Smoke: They are also fine solid particles of size around 0.1 to 1 micro-meter, formed
by the incomplete combustion of organic matter like coal and wood.
• Mist: It consist of liquid droplets of size around 0.1 to 10 micro-meter and formed by
the condensation of vapours in the atmosphere.
• Fog: If the mist is made up of water droplets at high concentration so as to obscure
vision then mist is called as fog.
• Soot: These are the carbon particles impregnated with tar, and released by the
incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials.

10. • Classification based on presence in environment:
• Indoor air pollutants: The air pollutants which are generated from households
are called indoor air pollutants. For example: Cleaning agents, Pesticides, Paints,
Glues, gases from stoves, etc.
• Outdoor air pollutants: The air pollutants which are generated outside the
buildings are called outdoor air pollutants. For example: Automobile pollutants,
Industrial pollutants, Mining pollutants, etc.

11. Natural : forest fires, pollen, dust
storm, foul gases etc.
Unnatural : man-made; coal,
wood and other fuels used in
cars, homes, and factories for
energy.
Sources

14. How Why
A cloud of smoke
from the exhaust
of a vehicle
Increasing traffic
Industrialization Growing cities
Apathetic people Rapid economic
development
Cigarette smoke
Burning leaves

15. How
• Toxic substances dissolve in
water or gets deposited on
the bed.
• Toxic substances enter lakes,
rivers, streams, etc.
• Pollutants go down into the
ground.
Sources
• City sewage
• Industrial waste
• Agricultural run-
off

16.  According to W.H.O, an increase in any of the
constituents of the atmosphere which is
harmful to the living beings and their
environment, is known as air pollution
The view from the space

17.  Photo Chemical Smog  Photo Chemical Smog

19. Burning of Fire Wood Chimneys

21.  Effect on human health
 Effects on vegetation.
 Effects on building and monuments.
Effects of Air Pollution
St. Paul Cathedral

22. Causes by air pollution

27. •Learn more; stay up to date
•Tellyour friendsand familyabout pollution.
•Make sure get pollutionchecks onour cars.
•Joina groupto stop pollution.
•Encourage yourparents to carpool to work.
•Switch offlights,fan, heat,etc.whenyouleave the room.
 Solution for Air pollution:-

28.  Air pollution can be controlled by a
thorough understanding of its causes.
 Establishment of industries away from the
towns and cities.
 Increasing the length of the chyeysmn in
industries.
 Growing more plants and trees.
 Use of efficient engines in automobiles.
 Use of smokeless choola.
 Use of petrol without lead (Unleaded petrol)

29. . The UNO must stop nuclear tests