Research on elevator system, parts of an elevator and elevator cars/ carriages

1. ELEVATORS
AlGhurairUniversity,Dubai
Done by:
Azra Maliha
Sara Hashim

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Parts of an elevator
Elevator car/carriage
Elevator doors and door operators
 Elevator shaft and installation
 Mechanism
 Safety systems
 Control systems
 Lighting
 References

3. Introduction
Elevators or lifts are a kind of conveyor/transportation system in a building that
moves people and goods between the floors. The systems are generally
powered by electricity.
Elevators have enabled modernization, as before the use of this system
buildings were limited to 7th floor only.
Parts of an
elevator
An elevator has the following basic components:
 Car – it is the carriage or container that is fixated over a platform and
transports people or goods
 Hoist way- the elevator shaft
 Machine system
 Control system
 Safety system

4. The elevator car
• This is the carriage or cart that carries people and goods between floors.
They can be basically 3 types in a standard elevator system depending on
the number of entrances they have; Normal cabin (1 entrance), Open
Through cabin (2 doors parallel to each other) and Diagonal cabin (2 doors
adjacent to each other).
• The elevator car is designed by calculation the size and load of it according
to which building it is in and number of floors. This is done to prevent over
loading.
• The car area is kept limited related to the rated loading value of the
elevator per building.
• Elevator car has many components such as
 Cabin
 Car sling
 Door and door operator
 Guide shoes
 Door protective device
Number of passengers = rated load ÷ 75, where 75 is
average person’s weight in KG

5. Elevator dimensions
Elevator’s dimensions are according to what it
is used for whether it is for commercial use or
hospitality use, but the smallest minimum
accepted elevator is 203 centimeters and the
depth of the elevator car should be measured
from the wall of the elevator, and the elevator
door is at least 137 cm

6. Standard sizes of elevator cars

8. • Car floor: car floors should be very strong and have
enough mechanical strength to support normal
elevator operation of carrying weights, safety gear
operations and also should be durable during any
emergency vibrations. The floor is recessed and can
be covered by PVC, marble, granite or as the client
prefers.
• Car ceiling: the ceiling is designed to support
minimum two people’s weight during any
maintenance works above. It also comes with
emergency trap door, fan and handrail.
• Car walls: there can be different types of walls which
all comes as panels, such as, Side panels, Back
panels or COP(car operating panels) panels.

9. The elevator doors and door operators
• Elevator doors are generally operated using power unit system connected to the top mechanism of the elevator
car.The door can be opened, manually or automatically, only when the elevator car is level with the particular floor.
• The power unit contacts both the elevator door and the hoist way door (door of the building shaft opening) and
they open at the same time.
• The are mainly 2 types of elevator doors, manual which are opened by passengers manually and automatic which
open by itself according to the floors.
• Other than that there are type based on how the doors open:
 Single side opening doors
 Center opening doors.
• Guide shoes and door protectors are two important elevator car door component we should know about. Guide
shoes are devices which guide the car move smoothly along the guide rail and move at a lateral motion. Door
protectors are used for automatic door types because any obstructions might disrupt the operation. Infrared
sensor, photoelectric ray, electrostatic field, etc. are door protective devices.

10. Manual doors
Automatic doors

11. Different types of door operators
Door protecting device

12. Elevator shaft and
installation
 A shaft is made to allow a hallway or a passage
of an elevator from floor to floor. Its also called
Hoist way.
 A shaft should have the following features
 Drainage system
 Plump
 Water tightness
 A painted finishing
 Lighting inspection
 Ventilation void for smoke

13. There are steps on installing an elevator
No. 1: get the Elevator “order
No. 2: Site preparation “pour the pit
No. 3: have the Door Penetrations made
No. 4: Site Prep – have a machine room made
No. 5: Schedule the Crane
No. 6: Mount Electricity
No. 7: mount Fire Safety
No. 8: Complete Interior and Exterior Building Connections
no 9: Final results

14. Mechanism
 Traction elevators
“machine elevators”
 Instead of the elevator
being pushed from
below it is lowered and
raised by steel made
ropes
 The ropes are attached
to the elevators, looped
around and it is
connected to the electric
motor

16. Control systems
• Every building must have a central elevator control unit which controls the
elevators. Automatic control systems are now a days more prominent than
manual ones.
• There are various types of control systems, such as relay controlled and
microprocessor controlled for Automatic systems and preregister
operation and signal operation for Manual systems.

17. Safety systems
 It Is necessary for all elevators to have a fully equipped safety
system, these are some of the safety system that is used in most
elevators
 Electromagnetic brakes
 A speed monitoring device
 A braking system
 Emergency alarm
 And a shock absorber system
 Intercom
 Overload sensor “If too many people are in the elevator”
 There is also a sensor if there is an object that is close to the
elevator door while closing just in case something gets stuck in an
elevator such as a cloth or a hand bag.

18. Lighting

20. References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevator
• http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/2012/04/basic-elevator-components-part-one.html
• https://www.columbiaelevator.com/clientuploads/pdf/CE-Elevator-Door-Operators.pdf
• http://www.phoenixmodularelevator.com/elevator-installation-build/
• http://elevation.wikia.com/wiki/Elevator_control_system