This document provides information about the biological classification of the red panda. It begins with definitions of classification and why classification is important. It then discusses scientific names and their advantages over common names. The document outlines the main categories in biological classification from domain to species. It provides the full classification of the red panda, from Eukarya domain to Ailurus fulgens species. The document also discusses why taxonomic systems can change and explains DNA hybridization in the context of red panda classification.

1. Unit One Classification Project By Jennifer Tu 10C

2. Definition of Classification Classification is the arrangement of organisms based on similar characteristics and relationships.

4. Why We Need Classification? Personal safety Quarantine Forensics Agriculture and Horticulture Medicine Conservation and Protection

5. What are scientific names? Scientific names are the names that taxonomists use to categorise and classify organisms. Ailurusfulgens= Red Panda Scientific Name Common Name

6. There are disadvantages with using common names

7. 1) There may be many common names given to one species Small panda Bear Cat CokoloacaPigara Thokya Gambawarella Lesser panda Bright Panda Woker Himalayan Raccoon Crimson Ngo Red Cat Common Panda Wokdonka Panda Chico Fox Bear Petit Panda Wah Ye Fire Panda Poonya Red Panda Panda Éclatant Red Fox Fire Fox Panda Rojo NigalyaPonya Sankam

8. 2)Vary from Language to Language Panda Eclatant (French) Panda Chico (Spanish)

9. 3) Can be misleading Fox Bear

10. 4) Scientific names show Relativeness Ailurusfulgens= Red Panda

11. 5) Scientific Names are recognised Universally by all biologists

12. Biological Classification phylogeny (classification based on genetic relativeness between organisms) taxonomy (structural and physical connections between organisms) evolution (relating organisms to ancestral species)

13. Main categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

14. Ailurusfulgens Classification

15. Domain-Eukarya contains RNA of the Eukarya Have eukaryotic cells

16. Kingdom-Animalia are multi-cellular organisms All are heterotrophs

17. Phylum-Chordata Characteristics shared by chordates include a notochord, bilateral symmetry, ventral heart, complete digestive system and closed circulatory system.

18. Class-Mammalian All mammals have three middle ear bones, hair, a diaphragm, large cerebral cortex, four chambered heart and mammary glands. Four chambered heart

19. Order-Carnivora Although the red panda lives on a herbivorous diet retractile claws robust cranial-dental features. Retractile Claws Cranial dental features

20. Family-Ailuridae share a combination of genes similar to that of skunks, weasels and raccoons.

21. Genus-Ailurus All genus and species names are words from Latin or Greek. Ailurus is the Latinized form of the Greek word αίλουρος (ailouros), meaning “cat.”

22. Species-AilurusFulgens first part of scientific name: genus second part of scientific name: specific name scientific name for the red panda is Ailurusfulgens.

23. Why Taxonomic Systems can change advances in new DNA technology with DNA technology, scientists have discovered new relationships between organisms Therefore they are finding new ways of grouping organisms.

24. Red Panda Enigma centre of a controversial taxonomic enigma. originally placed in the Procyonidae family due to similar characteristics. Later, tests showed similarities of DNA with the Ursidae family, thus they were placed in this family. But with DNA hybridization, their classification was changed.

25. DNA hybridisation is a technique that measures the degree of genetic distance between two different pools of DNA sequences.

26. Species A DNA Species B DNA Heat Applied DNA mixed and incubated DNA sequences that are similar will bind more firmly and require more energy to separate them.

27. DNA Hybridisation and Red Panda Red Panda: Ailuridae Family Giant Panda: Ursidae Family

28. Bibliography Biology-online.org 2009, ‘Classification’, Biology-online.org, http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Classification (23 September 2009) Heath, T. & Platnick J. 2008, "Ailurusfulgens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ailurus_fulgens.html. (September 19, 2009) Wikipedia-the free encyclopaedia 2009, ‘Red Panda’, Wikipedia-the free encyclopaedia, 23 September http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Panda (22 September 2009) Lioncrusher ‘s Domain- Carnivora Species Information 2009, ‘The Ailuridae Family’, http://www.lioncrusher.com/family.asp?family=Ailuridae (23 September 2009) Wang, X., Choudhry, A., Yonzon, P., Wozencraft, C. & Than Zaw 2008, ‘AilurusFugens’, The IUCN Red List of Endangered Species http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/714/0/full (23 September 2009)

29. Bibliography (Continued) Kinnear, J. & Martin, M. 2006, Nature of Biology Book 1 Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Milton Semple, A., Borger P., Cleeland, C., Jackel, S. & Pappas X. 2006, ‘Nelson Biology VCE Units 1&2’, Nelson Australia, South Melbourne Evans, D., Ladiges, P., Mckenzie, J. & Sanders, Y. 2005, ‘Heinemann Biology 1, 4th edition VCE Units 1 & 2’, Heinemann Harcourt Education, Port Melbourne Kaiser, G.E. 2007, ‘I.Introduction,’ Doc Kaiser’s Microbiology, 27 February http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/3domain/3domain.html (23 September 2009) Pidwirny, M., 2006, "Biological Classification of Organisms", Fundamentals of Physical Geography, 2nd Edition. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9b.html (23 September 2009)

30. Bibliography (Continued) Myers, P. 2001, "Chordata", Animal Diversity Web, http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Chordata.html. (23 September 2009) Myers, P. & Poor, A. 2007, "Carnivora", Animal Diversity Web, http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Carnivora.html (23 September 2009) Wund, M. & Myers, P.2005, "Mammalia", Animal Diversity Web, http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mammalia.html. (accessed 23 September 2009) Heath, T. & Platnic,k J. 2008, "Phylum Chordata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Chordata.html. (19 September 2009) Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia 2009, ‘Classifcation,’ Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576239/classification.html (20 September 2009)

31. Bibliography (Continued) Trek Nature 2009, ‘Red Panda,’ Trek Nature, http://www.treknature.com/gallery/photo136997.htm (20 September 2009) Microsoft Encarta 2009, ‘All About Animals,’ http://microsoftencarta-in-english.blogspot.com/2009/01/all-about-animals.html (20 September 2009) Wikipedia-the free encyclopaedia 2009, ‘DNA hybridization, 13 September http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-DNA_hybridization (20 September 2009)

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