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- 1. 2 0 1 3/4 ŽũŤĔőŤēĴŻĴŝĝŤē
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ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤēİŀĴŤ
ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤē
ΓΪΤΘϤϟϢϣϷΔϤψϨϣ
ΔϓΎϘΜϟϭϢϠόϟϭΔϴΑήΘϠϟ
- 3. 2
2 0 1 3 /4 ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤēİŀĴŤŽũŤĔőŤēĴŻĴŝĝŤē łĭťŨ
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˄ɧf oyqSf ȠR eCȖ }6 ʘ66_f rR kygSȞ rk 28k ȠR eyC+gfx
EFA Global Monitoring Report team
c/o UNESCO, 7, place de Fontenoy
Paris 07 SP, France 75352
Email: efareport@unesco.org
Tel.: +33 1 45 68 07 41
www.efareport.unesco.org
˄T€l'gf m€gSf 2B6f ȞSf 66_gf _;f 52BȜ
hlSf €G_Ȟ m€gSf ɩ/; ˄5vȞx ?f ˄2012
m€gSfx +g;Ȟ R8qf ˄€[/f k7Ț ˄2011
ɪkx6+Ȟ YCp ȟ h€;f ˄2010
m€gSf ȕ x;Ȟ `€_+ ȕ lby+f €lu ˄2009
`_+q: hu ˄2015 iR eyg+ T€l'gf m€gSf ˄2008
ʚY2vf 4u
g*6k ȕ €ǻfx R6f eȗ. rk q€k : :5 ˄2007
6cȞ fy[Kf
€+f h rk €6_f ˄2006
1y'f olF 5xȎ ˄T€l'gf m€gSf ˄2005
x;Ȟ y+p 8[^ ˄T€l'gf m€gSfx ɪ;q'f G^ ˄2004˝2003
ʚ,€+Cf `6Kf ȠR mfSf ɩ; hu ˄T€l'gf m€gSf ˄2002
˅QyKȞ 4u Dp ȕ 16 yv: x K. ~ yC ˕̸̸̸˅̵̧̢̦̳̦̱̰̳˅̶̴̯̦̤̰˅̨̰̳˖ pǻpȜ ȠR *Ȟ SKf ȕ ~6'€:
2014 ʘyc;py€f ͱ
Ny[+k ]y_+f T€l
ȟxȚ SKf
Z_#fx mgSfx €ǻgf 2+Ȟ mkȚ lOqk rR 2014 iR ȕ 52B
7, Place de Fontenoy,
75352 Paris 07 SP, France
y: kyfy ˄YȗWf 5yB
FHI 360 ˄ɨc?f m€lCf
yc;py€f ˄%6.Ȝ
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Data available
yc;py€f ˄RKf 2€Gqf
ED-2013/WS/29
- 4. 3
łĭťŨ 2 0 1 3 / 4 ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤēİŀĴŤŽũŤĔőŤēĴŻĴŝĝŤē
62C
w^x ȕ } ǛȔy;k ǛF6R i2_ T€l'gf m€gSf 2B6f ȞSf 66_f rk ȃR ~1+f 12Sf 4u o
2lǠR f m€gSf e'k ȕ €ȞSf Y2uȚ `€_+ y+p [g/Ȟ o2gf w76* ~4f i2_f rR
2S Ȟ €ȞSf €lqf K. gB ȕ m€gSf TFyf y^ Ǜ''* 66_f i2_ df4b ˅2000 iR
ȠR okR Ȗ `ǟ mf wp x k ˓ʚ,'qq: hu˔ e
;f )6J 2^ 2008 iR ȕ 66_f ob ˅2015
˅[qf Ȝ o ɨ'f rk hS' iSf 4u 66_ oZ ʘ2015
Q[pȖ o ˅952Ȟ ȕ y;€f J; mvpȚ ʘmgSf ȟ ox6_[ h[J oy€gk oy;l.x S: e8 Ȗ
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mf x 952Ȟ y_+f y: ʘ€::Ț oylgS Ȗ 2Ȗ m€gSf r: ȕ e[JȚ $g#Z ˅952Ȟ
mgSf ɩZyf u1yv [RGk kyc+f iSf 4u 66_ 2q ʘqZ2u `€_+f Ǜ€S:x ˅y_+g
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m€gSf m€lS h rk ȕF mgSk oy€gk 1˅6 €Nyf u1yv #c o kyc+f ȠR '
2x8 h rk ɪlgSȞ hGZ ɩZyf €'€ǻ: T5 66_f 12+x ˅2015 eyg+ 2Ȗ
ȗKf Qyq oy;cS $€+ ɪ:qȞ ɪlgSȞ 5€. ' ʘuȖx ˅1y'f ɧR m€gS e[JȚ
rk Ǜ2 ʘɪlgSȞ SF 2p;k ȠR ɪlgSȞ 52 ' ʘv€px ˅mv2 ȠR oy:52€: r4f
eȗ. rk mgSf ȕ x;Ȟ i2R ec ȠR G_f ȟ Y2v #f#f €'€ǻ:Ȗx ˅6cȞ h*6Ȟ
ȠR ' ʘǛɩ. x ˅qSȞ 2gf ȕ ǺbȚ 2+f hc? f +pȚ ȠR ɪlgSȞ hGZ T7y
ǛB6*x qvȞ ȕ 56l:Ȗ ȠR mvS€'?f 8Zy+f rk :qȞ k8+f ɪlgSȞ 2x8 kyc+f
˅mvZx6N rR 6Oqf Yȉ ʘmvS€l e[JȚ mgS o ȠR
rcl Ȗ ɪlgSȞ o ,Fy ǛG 66_fZ ˅mu2*x €fx;Ȟ ySgKG o Wq Ȗ ɪlgSȞ rcfx
m€€_gf €'€ǻ:x Ǜ2€ llCk (uqk 2y $€* ʘ:qȞ ]€;f ȕ Ȗ ˓ySK;˔ o mvf
˅mgSfx m€gSf zy;k ɪ;+f
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lq€ ʘq;f ȕ c6k 5Ȗx1 5€gk 26 t52^ l hylf wC_q Ȏ+f ^yf ȕ Ȁ:Ț m€gSfZ
5l#:Ȗ H[Ǣ/ o kyc+gf `+ Ȗx 7y' Ȗ ʘg*6Ȟ t4u ȕx ˅pySȞ E[/p hBy
yux ˅v;[p ȠR vSK^ f 1yRyf hyl rR +pȞ v'f Tǻ Ȗ Wq lb ʘm€gSf ȕ
˅gSf €*Ȗ hylf 22 h: Y?c: ȓ_ k
- 5. 4
2 0 1 3 /4 ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤēİŀĴŤŽũŤĔőŤēĴŻĴŝĝŤē łĭťŨ
˅2015 2S Ȟ k2;Ȟ €lqgf 22 €ȞR K. UyCp r+px hȖ2f rk mgSp o q€gR
Y2uȚ rk g_f ȕ mgSf ȕx m€gSf Q[pȖ ȕ x;Ȟ TFy o ' ʘ66_f ,Fy lbx
oylgS r;f 5WBx e[JȚ T€l o rlGp o df4b q€gRx ˅h_;Ȟ ȕ m€gSf B/f
y+C€f mvf k7ȗfx vg_p rcl f 5vȞ ;bȖ B6[f mv2f o x Z6SȞ €::
˅ɪ€ȞR ɪqJyk
ɪk7ȗf 2B6fx SȞ 6 }q; }* ʘv:€^ rcl +Fx Y2u 22+ q€gR ' df4b
˅df3 2S }_ f 6W#f 2;fx ʘy;f ȠR +pȞ v'fx kyc+gf
o ǛS€l kyc+f ȠR ' ʘv€gR ɩ;p 22 K/f qSFxx 2015 iR rk qǻ^ Tkx
o ȗ' 66_f 4u ȕ 15yf f1Ț #x ˅Sk'f €lqgf Ǜ8[+k w[By m€gSf ȕ 6l#;
ʘ 6Ȟ Ǣqck ʘiȚ lǢgR 3 dpZ ˅€lpȜ Y2uȚ T€l ȕ 76+Ȟ i2_gf 56l:Ȗ 6Zy m€gSf
u t4u ˅1C^Ȗ lpx Sl'Ȟ ɩǢW ʘ€g+Ȟ Sl'Ȟ lgR 3x ˅e[JȚ €* 4_p x
˅iSf 4u T€l'gf m€gSf 2B6f ȞSf 66_f f:5
Zyby q6
yc;py€gf kSf 62Ȟ
- 6. 5
łĭťŨ 2 0 1 3 / 4 ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤēİŀĴŤŽũŤĔőŤēĴŻĴŝĝŤē
k2_k
2_Sf z2k ȠR t76* m ~4f i2_f rk mV6f ȠR wp ,G ʘT€l'gf m€gSf Y2u `€_+f vqf 2RyȞ eyg* ȠR ɪkR rk h^ _ Tk
iSf 4vf T€l'gf m€gSf 2B6f ȞSf 66_f oZ ˅2015 iR eyg+ ȞSf 2€SCf ȠR 1y?qȞ Y2uȚ rk Y2u ~ `_+ rf ʘȒȞ
[ mf ʘdf3 Tkx ˅ȒȞ 2_Sf z2k ȠR m€gSgf *Ȟ A6[f rk yk6*Ǡ Ǜ?€lv 6#bȚ [f ȟ ɪlqȞ A/Ț o _€_* ȠR 2? 2b
7'p h rk 2015 iR 2S k ǻ[f m€gSgf ɪk ȞR 5J TFx m o ~6uy'f rkx ˅€vqf h*6Ȟ ȕ i2_f ɩx Tǽf 2S oxȚ
Tk _Z6 3 Ȗ 2015 iR 2S k ǻ[f m€gSf Y2u `_+ rfx ˅22'f 2+gf w3 ^yf ȕ ~2Cf Tk elR rk t7'p m mf k
pySlgf +pȞ v'fx kyc+f SFx 3x ʘ16Z ~ eluȜ e'k }_ Ȗ $€+ 2B5 Ȃl pǻ_kx 9€_gf g^x +Fx Y2u
˅m€gSf hylf 12+k ǛZ2u
`€_+ 12B ȕ 76+Ȟ i2_gf Ǜ#2+ wqk exȚ 8'f E6S ˅8 ȗ ȟ 2014/2013 ǻ[f T€l'gf m€gSf 2B6f ȞSf 66_f m;_qx
€lqf Y2u `€_+f ~y€* 6k yu m€gSf e'k ȕ i2_f o ȠR Ǜ+Fx Ǜȗ€f1 p#f 8'f i2_x ˅T€l'gf m€gSf B/f ;f Y2uȚ
k7 7x' ȕ mvlR1 €W ɪlgSȞ ^J ]ȗJ ȟ k6 y^ :€: 4€[q €lu ȠR yGf Lg;€Z $f#f 8'f k ˅2015 iR 2S
˅€ȞSf mǢgSf
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iR ȕx ˅6cȞ fy[Kf g*6k ȕ €ǻfx R6f ȟ e[JȚ rk Ǜ2 ɩb 12R 6_[ ʘ8'qȞ q€;+f rk mV6f ȠR ˄1 Y2vf ■
`;f m€gSf 5WCf e[JȚ Cp rk 6_ k T[p ʘ2011 iR ȕx ˅i8_f rk ;k/f ox1 e[JȚ rk %25 }pR ʘ2012
˅%18 ;p m€gSf 4u rk e[JȚ C* 7x' mgZ zǺcf 6+Cf yq €_6Z ȕ k ʘ€2Ȗ g*6lgf
ȕ h[J oy€gk 57 952Ȟ ɪ_+gȞ ɩV e[JȚ 12R Xg 2_Z ˅T:x @kv 2Ȗ m€gSf m€lS `[/ o ,6Ȟ rk ˄2 Y2vf ■
[f ȟ €lqȞ €[f ;p Xg mf ʘzǺcf 6+Cf yq €_6Z ȕx ˅R8qf 6Ȟ o2gf ȕ mv[Cp @€S ʘ2011 iR
y+qf ȠR u'Ȗ 6l: 3x ˅2_Sf vp eyg+ %23 zy: €[6f `JqȞ ȕ 2Ȗ m€gSf g*6k rglc: ygf ɩ_[f
iR ȕ [f }qV ȟ ɪlqȞ o€[f z2f 2Ȗ m€gSf il m€lS }q; Yy;Z ʘ_KqȞ ȕ ɩ.Ț pxȘ ȕ w€gR pb ~4f
˅2086 iR ȕ Ȗ Ǜ6_Z 2Ț €[f z2f df3 `€_+ }q; rf lq€ 2021
12R Xg ʘ2011 iR [Z ˅~yp#f m€gSf rk €p2f g*6Ȟ ȕ ;cȞ €::Ț 5vȞ ȟ ɪ_u6Ȟ rk 22Sf 6_[ ˄3 Y2vf ■
o2gf ȕx ˅2004 iR rk Ǜ^ȗKp 4u ɪ_u6Ȟ 12R ȕ [€[J 17 h€'; Tk ʘ`u6k oy€gk 69 952Ȟ ɪ_+gȞ ɩV ɪ_u6Ȟ
%14 ȟ e2SȞ 4u H[/qx ʘL_Z %37 ~yp#f m€gSf rk €p2f g*6Ȟ oyglc r4f ɪ_u6Ȟ ;p Xg ʘH[/qȞ h.2f 3
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˅2111 iR ȕ Ȗ ~yp#f m€gSf rk €p2f g*6Ȟ il rk zǺcf
ǛF[/p h#l k ~ ʘ5cf z2f k oy€gk 774 aqu ob ʘ2011 iR [Z ˅ySC Ȗ 5cf z2f €kȚ y+k r;+ mf ˄4 Y2vf ■
ɪ€kȚ Ȗu $gx ˅2015 iR eyg+ k oy€gk 743 Xg€f €[J hc? 12Sf H[/q o T^yȞ rkx ˅2000 iR 4qk L_Z %1 w;p
˅2072 iR }* €kqf o2gf ȕ Ǜ6_Z 2Ț ?f z2f €6_f m€lS `€_+ m Ȗ 2^x ˅;qf rk mu 5cf
ɪ;q'f ɪ Zcf `€_+ Eǻ[Ȟ rk ob yfx }* ˅o2gf rk 22Sf ȕ 1yyk ɪ;q'f ɪ x[f wx e8 Ȗ ˄5 Y2vf ■
vqk %38 ;px 2011 iR ȕ 2Ȗ m€gSf zy;k ȠR Y2vf 4u __* 2^ o2gf rk L_Z %60 ;p oZ ʘ2005 iR eyg+
˅~yp#f m€gSf zy;k ȠR w__* 2^
h[J oy€gk 250 ɧy* aqvZ ˅€::Ț mgS ȟ ox6_[ e[JȚ rk ɪȗȞ o €p2Ȟ €Ryqf x3 m€gSf qS ˄6 Y2vf ■
yq;f [gcf Xgx ˅:52Ȟ ȕ h^Ț ȠR yq: T5 yGk e[JȚ Ȗu Cp o rk mV6f ȠR €::Ț 5vȞ oylgS e
~6' Ǜ6_ o2gf $g [Z ˄Ǜ€:: Ǜ6k ɪlgSȞ ȕ 5l#:Ȗ h#lx ˅Ǜyq: c6k 5Ȗx1 5€gk 129 ɧy* h?[f 4u rR lqf
ɪlgSȞ 52 ȕ h#lȞ ~2+f 2ǢS ʘdf4b o2gf $g ȕx ˅€qJyf ɩSlgf Ǜ_Zx 2Ȗ m€gSf lgSk rk %75 rk h^ 52
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- 7. 6
2 0 1 3 / 4 ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤēİŀĴŤŽũŤĔőŤēĴŻĴŝĝŤē łĭťŨ
Tkx ˅Y2uȚ `€_+ t' ȕ i2_f HS o2gf __* ʘ2000 iR ȕ T€l'gf m€gSf 5J ?p 4qk
˅˕1 hc?f˖ 2015 iSf 1y?qȞ Y2vf `€_+ rR 2€S o2gf rk Ǜ2 ɩb 12R e8 Ȗ ʘdf3
2015iReyg+T€l'gfm€gSfY2u `€_+o2gfrk22Sgf}q;rf˄1hc?f
T€l'gf m€gSf Y2u rk ;l. 9€_f Ȃk TFx 2015 iR eyg+ 8'q o T^yǠ f o2gf yȞ ;qf
10 12
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z2f €kȚ y+k 2Ȗ m€gSf
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,€+CZ ˄wfy^ rcl Ȗ 2* ȟ T[6k +Cf ?u rk
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;p pb Ǜ2g 43 [Z ˅K QFxȚ ɪ;+ t' 76+Ȟ
˅2000 iR ȕ %10 rk 6#b ;k/f r: ox1 e[JȚ €Zx
€Zx rk 2+fe h';Ȟ ~yq;f e2SȞ o EǻZx
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€2Ȗ g*6Ȟ ȕ f2SȞ €ZCf 2€_f ;px ʙ˕1 Y2vf˖ Κ80 ȟ 2Ȗ h^ m€gSf ȕ €flȜ 2€_f ;p v€Z gBx 3 Y2vf __* 2^ vp o2gf mǰ€_ ˄O*ȗk
Ȃk )x6 3x ʙ˕4 Y2vf˖ Κ97 ȟ 5cf z2f €kȚ y+k ;px ʙ˕3 Y2vf˖ Κ97 ȟ ~yp#f m€gSf rk €p2f g*6Ȟ ȕ f2SȞ €ZCf 2€_f ;px ʙ˕2 Y2vf˖ Κ97 ȟ
ʙvp? S^y 52B }q; f o2gf Ryl'k h€g+f exqx ˅˕5 Y2vf˖ ~yp#f m€gSf rk €p2f g*6Ȟ ȕ 1˅03x 2Ȗ m€gSf ȕ 0˅97 ɪ l€Z ɪ;q'f ɪ Zcf
˅2011 iR x 1999 iR D/ p€ wqR 6Zy pb ~4f 12Sf rk h^ o2gf rk Ǜ12R hl? yvZ m rkx
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- 8. 7
łĭťŨ 2 0 1 3 / 4 ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤēİŀĴŤŽũŤĔőŤēĴŻĴŝĝŤē
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rk %26 zǺcf 6+Cf yq €_6Z _Kqk mG o
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˅h[J oy€gk rk 6#bȚ 952Ȟ ȕ 2€ rbk hylf
˅q: rk 6#b 12k ȠR pySȞ G[/p ʘo2gf HS ȕx
]+f ȟ €k6f 1yv'f mR1 ȕ Ǜ€:: Ǜ5x1 pySȞ 1 2_Z
rcfx ʘ2+Ȟ €p8q 5yvl ȕ 952Ȟ e[JȚ rk 28Ȟ
2010x 2009 kR ɪ %12 ;q G[/p pySȞ t4u
˅2011 iR ȕ %57 u52^ €ZF ;qx
i2Sf ǛF6S 6#bȚ [f oyg#l r4f ʘmfSf e[J 6_Z k
3 o2gf ȕ L_Z oy?€S Ȗ mvpZ ʘ952Ȟ ]+fȖ
h.2f 3 o2gf HS ȕ ǛG oy?€S lpx H[/qȞ h.2f
ȟ Ǜ2g 25 }_5 ʘ2000 iR 4qlZ ˅€p2f +ȃf rk L:yȞ
o2gf 12R Xg lq€ ʘǛ2g 54 mG +B f ʘ[f t4u
rk %84 ;p pb ʘ1999 iR ȕx ˅Ǜ2g 36 h.2f G[/qȞ
h.2f 3 o2gf ȕ @€S 952Ȟ ɪ_+gȞ ɩV mfSf e[J
+ȃf rk L:yȞ h.2f 3 o2gf ȕ %12x H[/qȞ
o2gf ȕ oy?€S mvqk %37 ob ʘ2011 iR eyg+x ʙ€p2f
rk L:yȞ h.2f 3 o2gf ȕ %49x H[/qȞ h.2f 3
_5 ȟ €;€5 5yC ey+f 4u z8Sx ˅€p2f +ȃf
ʘe#Ȟ h€: ȠR €q€b [Z ˅952Ȟ ɪ_+gȞ ɩV e[JȚ
ȗKf 12R 9: ȠR 16[f CC/Ȟ T7y ~6'
ȃqȞ OZ+k ȃR qȖ ,fB ȕ 4u €fx ʘɪg';Ȟ
%46 ;qf ǛqJyk 2S fx g*_f wx g*_f `JqȞ ȕ
˅952Ȟ ɪ_+gȞ ɩV oc;f rk
1R ȟ €k6f ɩ2f rk zyC_f pckȜ `€_+fx
15yȞ t4u KW o olF kyc+f ȠR ɪS ʘT7yf
2Ț [gf 2€'f m€gSf ɩZy €glSf gkcf [gcf
mOqf 52^ 88S z2Ȟ 2€Sf *ȗBȜ iy_ o x Ǜ[SF
˅ɩ2f t4u h#k 4€[q ȠR €l€gSf
m€gSgfCC/ȞpySȞȕu'Ȗ
ʘ952Ȟ ɪ_+gȞ ɩV e[JȚ 12R ȕ r;+f 1yb5 ȟ Ǜ6Op
T€l ]+f olGf ikȚ ȟ ɩ. SZ1 KR rk 2 Ȗ
=lcpȖ h^ }+Z ˅2015 iR eyg+ 952Ȟ e[JȚ
u1yRy Zyf rR [g/k +pȞ v'f pb ʘ~1C^Ȗ
ȕ Ǜ6.k !2* ~4f Tǻf o lb ˅m€gSf hyl `gS l€Z
˅lvȞ t4u 1 ySB rk 17 Ȁ:Ț m€gSgf pySȞ m2_
2S 16J 28 m€gSgf CC/Ȟ pySȞ pb lq€x
f* ȕ vZ oȘ k ʘ2010 iR ȕ vx53 ȟ gBx ʘ2002 iR
m€gSf y;k T€l'f k2_Ȟ pySȞ Qyl'k oZ ˄5yu2
˅˕11 hc?f) 2011x 2010 kR ɪ %7 ;q H[/p
4qk ȟxȚ 6lgf Ȁ:Ț m€gSf ȟ k2_Ȟ pySȞ G[/px
ȕ c6k 5Ȗx1 5€gk 6˅2 rk g_p 3 ʘ%6 ;q 2002 iR
pySȞ k ˅2011 iR ȕ c6k 5Ȗx1 5€gk 5˅8 ȟ 2010 iR
2010 kR ɪ %11 ;q G[/pZ ~yp#f m€gSf ȟ k2_Ȟ
6kȚ 4u hǢ#lx ˅ǛȗSZ H[/qk zy;k ȕ pb o 2S 2011x
hk ~ 12vx T€l'gf m€gSf Y2u `€_+ €pck 12v Ǜ6K.
k Y2u ɪlG ȟ €k6f *ylKf Y2uȚ rk 28k `€_+ ȕ
˅~yp#f m€gSf rk €p2f g*6Ȟ m€lS Y2u 2015 iR 2S
2011x2010kRɪ5Ȗx15€gk152_lm€gSgfCC/ȞpySȞ G[/p˄11hc?f
2011˝2002 ʘm€gSgf CC/Ȟ pySȞ RyZ2k Qyl'k
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
˕2013) ~1C^Ȗ o2€Ȟ ȕ €lqfx oxSf lOqȞ Sf €lpȜ 2R;Ȟ q'f ˄52CȞ
~yp#f 2S k m€gSf
~yp#f m€gSf
Ȁ:Ț m€gSf
2011 iSf #f 6S;f ʘ€c6kȚ 5Ȗx2f 5€gl
0
6.7
2.7
1.1
3.0
8.9
4.4
1.2
3.3
9.2
4.2
1.4
3.6
10.2
4.7
1.3
4.2
11.4
5.1
1.7
4.6
12.5
5.3
2.0
5.1
12.3
5.0
2.0
5.2
14.4
5.6
2.5
6.2
14.4
5.7
2.5
6.2
13.4
5.4
2.2
5.8
ĞŰŹŕŭŨėĹŸĘĩġĠŮŨș2011ūĘŔƁŜ
ƁļĘļǠėŮƀũŕġũŨĞŅŅıŭŨė
ŪİĴŨėĞʼnŝıűŭŨėůėĴũěŨėƁŜ
ķǜŸijķĘƀũŬ1,9
- 21. 2 0 1 3 /4 ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤēİŀĴŤŽũŤĔőŤēĴŻĴŝĝŤē łĭťŨ
QK^}_g
m€gSf
L_Z%1.4
pySȞrk
€p;pȜ
20
hylf c6k 5Ȗx1 oy€gk 5˅2 u52^ +qk ȠR gC*x
ʘ5'p8f CC/k pb pySȞ dg hb o 2€ ˅€l€gSf vK.
hx ȕ ɧx2f dqf rk 2gf t_g l p5_k ɩWB XgȞ o lb
rk €ȞSf bȃf 2B6f Ǜq€;+x ˅2000 iR ȕ 2 ~4f 2_Sf
_Z2 rR Ǜ66_ i2_ o v€gR ɪS ʘvkv: m€gSf h
oxSf lOqȞ Sf €lpȜ 2R;Ȟ q'f ȟ v2f pySȞ
gSZ lb Ǜkl ʘ˕˴˪˨˩˝˩˦˨) ~1C^Ȗ o2€Ȟ ȕ €lqfx
*_gf ȞSf f+f h#k ʘ+Cf €qSȞ €ȞSf `1qCf
˅5ȗȞx h;fx 72Ȝ +ZcȞ ȞSf ]x2qCfx ʘɪC+fx
rR ^y: €flȜ pySȞ o ȠR e2 k aqu €fx
2011 iR rlZ ˅2015 iR ȕ h#lȞ vqf 2RyȞ h^ 5yu2f
k^ 3 ʘ%4 ;q €flȜ pySȞ G[/p ʘ2012 iR ȟ
€lpȜ 2R;Ȟ q'g K6Ȟ +pȞ v'f rk v 16
H€[/ ~1C^Ȗ o2€Ȟ ȕ €lqfx oxSf lOqȞ Sf
6k ȕ pySȞ v'f t4u rk v 13 gS 2_Z ˄vpySk
:q f vpySk H€[/ `6J rR yfxȚ $€* rk }p1
h^ hl+ o T^yȞ rk obx ˅ɧlȜ ky_f h.2f Tk
k2_Ȟ €q#f pySȞ o 3 ʘG€[/f t4u R Ǜylp o2gf
rkx ˅2012 iR ȟ 2011 iR rk %12˅8 ;q G[/p v€f
o2gf rk Ǜ2g 31 ȕ 2013 iR ȕ 2R;Ȟ H[/q o T^yȞ
ȕ o2gf t4u mOSk T_x ʘH[/qȞ h.2f 3 ɪȗ#fx ;f
˅zǺcf 6+Cf yq €_6Z
vk8f L_Z ex1 l. [ o T^yȞ rk ʘdf3 ȟ ZFx
x5xȚ 1+Ȗ ȕ ȃR l/f GRȚ ex2f ɪ rk
ky_f h.2f rk %0˅7 ;p ȟ vpySk 18 g^ f
ʘu1yRy o2gf t4u Zx 3x ˅2015 iR eyg+ ɧlȜ
9 52_l 2015 iR ȕ m€gSf CC/k 28: vpZ
˅c6k 5Ȗx1 5€gk
}O+ o Wq€Z R8qf 6Ȟ o2gf ȕ m€gSf k
Cp mG o2gf t4u oZ ˅+pȞ v'f z2f yfxȚ
%1˅4 Ǜ€f* m€gSf }_gx ˅952Ȟ ɪ_+gȞ ɩV mfSf e[J
R1 f %4 Ǚf ;p rR 2€S ux ʘ€p;pȜ pySȞ rk L_Z
€ȞSf ˓ǛȖx m€gSf˔ 51k ȕ 2+Ȟ mkțf iSf ɪkȚ v€f
pySȞ rk m€gSf C* 7x' Ȗ T^yȞ rkx ˅˕12 hc?f)
˅2013 iSf RyFyȞ LK/f ȕ %2 ;p €flȜ €p;pȜ
ʘQ8qf ; _gWk el?f 952k mOSk gN $€* ʘɧk ȕx
rcfx ʘ2013 iSf pySȞ gJ rk %5 ȠR m€gSf hC*
eyg+ %15 ;q Ȗ ygKȞ eykȚ m2_ 2vS i2_ mf
m2_ €gSZ 2vS i2_ mf ʘh#Ȟx ˅2013 Ǻl:/eyg
˅%36 ;q Ȗ 5y: ȕ m€gSgf 2013 iR ȕ ygKȞ 15yȞ
ygKȞ eykȚ rk 28Ȟ ȠR ȗC+ 2^ r2gf r4u o Tkx
yZ 2S : eykȚ t4u oZ ʘ2013 iR rk _*Ȗ ǻZ ȕ
rk ǽf ȟ x6KF r4f e[JȚ ɪȗk ȟ ;qf oxȚ
˅Q8qf ; 952Ȟ
ǛG mvȞ oZ L_Z €lu ȁc ~4f yu 2R;Ȟ Xgk €fx
A/Ț 2 Y2v; $€+ pySȞ t4u i2/; €b yu
3 ˄*Ȟ 2R;Ȟ T€l oy_g Ȗ e[JȚ Ȗu oZ ˅Ǜpk6*
r4f ȗKf ȠR `[q m€gSgf CC/Ȟ ȂȞ pySȞ T5 o
€:52f ,qȞ o Tkx ˅€qWf o2gf ȕ Sk'f ȕ oy:52
h.2f o2g Z ȟ oc;f rk ɩcf 12RȚ 3 o2gf HS
˅o;bx ɩ'€px 2qvf vqkx ʘ€p2f +ȃf rk L:yȞ
Tl'f ɩ#c 6#b yu k hS[ o T€K; o2gf t4u o Tkx
dfx ȠR 15yȞ t4u T7yx m€gSf hylf 15yk rk v2f k
]6W;: *ȗBȜ t4u oZ ʘv€f +f k mu r4f
wy o +pȞ v'gf Wq ʘw;[p ^yf ȕx ˅ǛȗyJ Ǜ^x
rk L:yȞ h.2f 3 o2gf ȕ S^yf `JqȞ ȟ vpySk
ok6* i2R olF €W ʘ6_[f v€Z 8bǻ f ʘ€p2f +ȃf
˅m€gSf ȕ mv_* rk o2gf t4u ȕ e[JȚ rk 6. h€
Ǻb 52 m€gSf ȟ k2_Ȟ ȂȞ pySȞ G[/p 2^x
z6. RK^ ȟ k2_Ȟ pySȞ ȕ iSf E[/pȖ rk Ǜȗ€g^
pySȞ C* G[/p df4x ʘ2011x 2010 kR ɪ
pySȞ E[/p cSx ˅%11 ȟ %12 rk m€gSgf CC/Ȟ
v'f rk ɩb 12Sf ɩWȞ ][pȜ Ilp m€gSgf CC/Ȟ
ȠR ʘ2+Ȟ Ȗyfx 2qfyux ;p6Zx 2qb G[. 2_Z ˅+pȞ
pySȞ G[. lk 6#b m€gSf ȠR v^[p ʘAyC/f wx
+pk v 21 G[. ʘ2011x 2010 kR ɪx ˅€flȜ
m€gSf ȟ vk2_ f pySȞ RyZ2k Y6JȚ 12Skx €q
2+Z m'+f $€* rk zǺcf H€[/f €glR k ˅Ȁ:Ț
€p:x 2qfyux o€fx ;p6Zx x5xȚ 1+Ȗx 2qb ȕ
pySȞ H€[/ rk %90 Sl'k g#k f ʘ2+Ȟ Ȗyfx
˅Ȁ:Ț m€gSgf CC/Ȟ
m€gSgf €q +pk v Ǻb vpyb rk 2+Ȟ Ȗyf g_px
h#lx ˅2011 iR ȕ €p#f 6Ȟ ȟ 2010 iR ȕ Ȁ:Ț
f pySȞ k ˅m€gSgf +pk v Ǻb Ǜ€f* 2+Ȟ cglȞ
$g#f rk 6#b G[/p 2_Z Ȁ:Ț m€gSf ȟ 2qfyu vk2_
+pk v Ǻb fx2f t4u pbx ʙ2011x 2010 kR ɪ
1+f 6Ȟ ȟ f8p vqcfx ʘ2007 iR ȕ Ȁ:Ț m€gSgf
˅2011 iR eyg+ ȃR
v2R;k ɧx2f dqfx ɧx2f 2_qf ]x2qBx €fǻ: 17x
2011x 2010 kR ɪ Ȁ:Ț m€gSf ȟ k2_Ȟ €flȜ
2_Z ˅H[/qȞ h.2f 3 o2gf ȕ v^[p G[. vqcfx
Ȁ:Ț m€gSf ȟ ɧx2f dqf vk2_ f pySȞ S[5
3 o2gf ȕ %23 ;q G[/p vqcfx ʘǛȖl %13 ;q
ȕ ǛF[/p 2+Ȟ €p8q 5yvl 2vx ˅H[/qȞ h.2f
2002 iR ȕ c6k 5Ȗx1 oy€gk 88 rk ɧx2f dqf RyZ2k
˅2011 iR ȕ c6k 5Ȗx1 oy€gk 0˅3 rk h^ ȟ
Ǜku Ǜ52Ck ˕GPE) m€gSf h rk €ȞSf bȃf h#lx
ʘ2011 iR [Z ˅H[/qȞ h.2f 3 o2gf HS hylf
t52^ Ǜ€:€^ ǛWgk m€gSf h rk €ȞSf bȃf _[p
h+ vgS lk ʘȀ:Ț m€gSf ȠR c6k 5Ȗx1 oy€gk 385
f zǺcf +pȞ v'f ɪ rk S6f 6Ȟ q;f dg ȕ
h.2f 3 o2gfx H[/qȞ h.2f 3 o2gf ȟ pySȞ i2_
ɪȗ#fx 2*yf o2gf ȟ ;qfx ˅€p2f +ȃf rk L:yȞ
k2^ ʘ2011 iR ȕ (kǺf 4€[qf +qk ȠR gC* f
CC/Ȟ pySȞ rk %24 m€gSf h rk €ȞSf bȃf
k Wg 2^ oyc o df3 Tk ,6Ȟ rk €fx ˅Ȁ:Ț m€gSgf
€p8q 5yvl +B x ˅][pȜ H€[/ ȕ ɧx2f dqf wWg
2013 iR ȕ m€gSf h rk €ȞSf bȃf ȕ ǛcȂ 2+Ȟ
- 22. łĭťŨ 2 0 1 3 / 4 ŒżũĥťŤŪżťőĝŤēİŀĴŤŽũŤĔőŤēĴŻĴŝĝŤē
][.Ȝ~1[f
m€gSfɩZyȕ
rk6.h€'f
ɪSʘe[JȚ
15yȞɩZy
k7ȗf€fȞ
Y2u `€_+f
iR2Sm€gSf
21
2015
df3 ȕ l ˝ m€gSf hyl Qyp hkc _gSȞ kygSȞ k
€Zb ɩV oyc k ǛfWZ ˝ ǼȚ ][px €g+Ȟ 15yȞx pySȞ
m'* rR €8 qvcx ȗ€g+ ȟ ~1 lk ʘ 8'kx
t4u ȟ %+ f rbkȚx v€f * aqu f eykȚ
hl+ ǼȚ o o2g S: rR 51B h€g+ ɪx ˅eykȚ
€2Ȗ g*6Ȟ ȕ m€gSf ȠR ][pȜ rk %37 ȟ hC ;p
ȠR ɩb S _g lk ʘ~yp#f m€gSf ȕ %58 ȟ hC kx
y€* z2k h€g+f ɪ ʘdf3 ȟ ZFx ˅Ǜ6_Z 2Ț ǼȚ
˄Ǜ6_Z o2gf 2 HS ȕ m€gSf hyl ȟ ;qf pySȞ
˅2px5x ~xȗk ȕ m€gSf ȠR ][pȜ T5 5_ k h#l vpZ
C*ȝf hk qJx iOp q €lu (qf t4u 7Ǻx
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m€gSf 2B6f €ȞSf 65_f ȕ 51 f ȗ€g+f ȟ
TFx 66_f `6Z )ǻ_ ʘ€FȞ yq;f eȗ. T€l'gf
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+pȞ v'fx kyc+f i8f olFx Y2uȚ t4u TFx
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Ȁ:Ț m€gSgf 1? ȟ TZ1 ~4f 2R;Ȟ Xgk ]y[ Xgk
ɧlȜ hylf k ˅v3 ǻ[f eȗ. 6k ɪS:x T;
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rcl oy1 hl+ ȟ ~1 lk ʘEx6_f t4vf €Sf ȕ Qy^yf
˅B/f u15yk rk m€gSf hyl ȠR v52^ rk 2+ o
€:52f ,qȞx ȗKf K6Ȟ €fcf €pȞ Wf 3x
zǺcf +pȞ v'f 6k rk v€6 H[/p ʘEx6_fx
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˅ȃR S6f 6Ȟ ȟ #f#f 6Ȟ rk h_q o rcl€Z ɧx2f
rk o€_6 2^ 2+Ȟ Ȗyfx 2+Ȟ cglȞ oZ ʘh_Ȟ ȕx
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3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
(%) v€g l f hylf gJ ;p
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
95%
53%
37%
74%
45%
38% 36%
26% 28%
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