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Pola konsumsi dan penyakit jantung pada lansia
1. THE EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION
PATTERN ON HEART DISEASE IN
ELDERLY
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2. 2
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ELDERLY
Elderly
and their
problem
Solution
for elderly
with
hearth
disease
3. 3
WHO (2005) says that Cardiovascular disease is the
largest cause of death in the population aged 65
years and over the number of deaths in developing
countries more.
The Law No. 13 of 1998 in Chapter 1 Article 1, paragraph 2 reads
"Advanced age is a person who reaches the age of 60 years and over“
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According to the Ministry of Health , the elderly are grouped into:
•Pre elderly (45-59 years)
•Advanced age (60-69 years)
•High risk elderly (≥70 years or ≥60 years of age with health
problems).
4. CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF THE
ELDERLY IN THIS ERA
4
According Elvia (2012) type of food
consumed daily elderly are still in the low
category, such as high fat-containing
foods such as condensed milk, oil, contain
a lot of sugar, high salt, vegetables and
fruits that contain gas, and beverages
consumed every day is coffee.
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5. UNHEALTHY
CONSUMPTION
PATTERNS IN THE
ELDERLY
•High consumption of saturated fats
•less protein consumption
•Less fruits and vegetables consumption
•drinking tea or coffee as a breakfast
•Less activity
•Smoking habit
Source: Batubara et al (2011)
5
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7. 7
One of the consequences of unhealthy consumption
patterns is the emergence of a variety of degenerative
diseases that occur in the elderly. Based on Health
Research Data (Riskesdas) 2007, the prevalence of
disease in the elderly 55-64 years was 56.4% joint disease,
hypertension 53.7%, stroke 20.2 ‰, 7.3% Asthma, Heart
16.1 %, diabetes 3.7%, 8.8% tumors. Increased
degenerative diseases of the elderly will increase the
economic burden on families, communities and
countries.
From what was said above it can be seen that the
heart disease is one disease that often affects the elderly.
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8. HEARTH DISEASE
According Supriono (2008)
Coronary heart disease is a
disease of the heart and
blood vessels caused by
constriction of the coronary
arteries.
8
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9. THE RISK FACTOR OF HEART
DESEASE
1. Cholesterol
9
cholesterol levels are determined by the balance
eukosanoid, which is controlled by food intake. Excessive
fat intake causes high levels of fat in the blood. Cholesterol
can also be produced by the liver as a result of high
carbohydrate consumption. In the liver, there are HMG-CoA
reductase enzyme under the control of insulin and
glucagon. If a person has a higher insulin response on
carbohydrates then the formation of cholesterol in the
body will increase, this is because insulin activates HMG
CoA reductase causes the liver to make more cholesterol.
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10. 2. OBESITY
This condition is caused by excessive
consumption patterns, lots of fat and
calories in excess of needs. Metabolic
processes are decreased in the elderly, if
not offset by an increase in physical
activity or decrease the amount of food,
so that the amount of the excess calories
are converted into fat which can lead to
obesity. overweight or obese increases
the risk of coronary heart disease 1-3
times
Source: The Ministry of Health (2012)
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11. 3. Hypertension
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Excess weight will increase the burden of the heart
to pump blood throughout the body. As a result,
blood pressure tends to be higher. Hypertension,
increase the chances of ateroskleorosis and
arterioskleorosis. If the blockage occurs in the heart
can cause a heart attack in the form of chest pain
or death of heart muscle (angina pectoris or
myocardial infarction).
Source: The Ministry of Health (2012)
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12. 4. Diabetes mellitus type II
12
75% of patients with type II diabetes are obese or with a
history of obesity. In people with more body weight,
hyperglycemia occurs because the insulin produced by
the pancreas does not make ends meet or because of
malfunctioning of insulin. As a result, excess glucose can
not be converted into energy reserves (glycogen) so that
high blood sugar levels. It is certainly closely
hubungannnya the food consumed. Foods containing
glucose consumed continuously will certainly increase
blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin function.
Source: The Ministry of Health (2012)
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13. 5. Atherosclerosis
13
narrowing and hardening of the arteries caused by
fatty deposits known as plaque. These plaques are
not only dangerous because it constricts blood
vessels but also because some of them can get out
and go to the heart, causing a heart attack. Again
these risk factors caused by the excessive
consumption of fat and eventually accumulate in
the arteries
Source: The Ministry of Health (2012)
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15. The recommended healthy consumption
pattern
• According to the Ministry of Health, diet for
heart disease in the elderly should be done
with the following goals:
a) Lose weight (BW) if too fat and maintain the
normal limits
b) Reduce / eliminate fluid retention / salt
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16. 16
DIET MANAGEMENT
a. Energy is given in accordance with the
requirements too fat when given a reduction of
energy
b. Protein was given 15% of the total energy needs
Carbohydrates are restricted, between 50-60% of
the total energy.
c. The reduction is mainly derived from the use of
refined carbohydrates such as sugar reduced
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17. d. Fat <20% of total energy needs, prioritized
using polyunsaturated fats such as those
found in corn oil, soybean oil, sunflower
seed oil, and others
e. Cholesterol is limited daily 300-500 mg
f. Enough fiber between 20-30 g / day in the
form of soluble fiber such as pectin found
in apples, persimmons and others.
g. Reducing sodium especially if there is
edema and hypertension
17
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18. Which contain unsaturated fats, such as:
• corn oil,
• soybean oil,
• sunflower seed oil
• cotton oil
• olive oil,
• peanut oil,
• Peanuts and cashews,
• avocado
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Source: Ministry of Health
THE RECOMMENDED FOOD
19. 19
NOT RECOMMENDED FOOD
High cholesterol, for
example:
• brain, viscera (spleen, heart, lungs, tripe),
• egg yolk
• shrimp and crab,
• Palm oil
• fat of meat (beef, lamb)
• chicken skin,
• butter, cheese, margarine,
• coconut milk, coconut oil,
• sausage,
• corned beef, salami
• Full cream milk
Sources of simple
carbohydrates, such as:
• sugar,
• candy,
• syrup,
• honey,
• including cake baking of starchy
flour like cake, sponge cake and
biscuit
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Source: Ministry of Health
20. Example menu for elderly with
heart disease
20
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Source: Ministry of Health
21. 21
CONCLUSION
• Elderly who are the vulnerable group of
degenerative disease should pay attention to the
pattern of consumption of the good. Patterns of
consumption becomes one of the important factors
that can determine an elderly person can be
healthy or suffering from degenerative diseases such
as heart disease. Where heart disease is the leading
cause of death for the elderly in the world
according to the World Health Organization notes.
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22. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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Batubara, Maulida Br., Ernawati Nasution, Evawany Y Aritonang. (2012). “Gambaran
Perilaku Konsumsi Pangan Dan Status Gizi Lanjut Usia Di Kelurahan Pekan Tanjung
Pura Kecamatan Tanjung Pura Kabupaten Langkat Tahun 2012,” Fakultas
Kesehatan Masyarakat: 2.
Elvia, Nova., Muhammad Arifin Siregar, Albiner Siagian. (2012). “Gambaran pola
konsumsi pangan dan pola penyakit pada usia lanjut di wilayah kerja puskesmas
tapaktuan kecamatan tapaktuan kabupaten aceh selatan tahun 2012.”.
GIZINET. (2011). Gizi lansia pdf. [online] [accessed on 11 October 2014]
http://www.gizi.depkes.go.id.
Supriyono, Mamat. (2008). Faktor-faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian
penyakit jantung koroner pada kelompok usia < 45 tahun. Universitas Dipenegoro
Semarang: 21-24
WHO, (2005) Cardiovaskuler Disease. [online] [accessed on 11 October 2014]
www.who.int
www.youtube.com
www.google.com
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