Enviromental Engineering Research for Libya , water resources, consumption and Geography .. Water treatment types , history and more,as a student research project ...How a Deserted land became Blooming

1. Presentation
prepared
under:
Dr.Mabrook
Presented by:
ABDUL AZEEM
UNIVERSITY OF
AZZAITOUNA

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Libya- Geography, Climate, and Population
• Water resources
• History
• RENEWABLE Water Resources
• Population and water demand
• References

5. Introduction
• Environmental engineering is the
application of science and engineering
principle to protect and utilize natural
resources , control environmental pollution
, improve environmental quality to enable
healthy ecosystems and comfortable
habitation of humans
• .

6. LIBYA
GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND POPULATION
• THE LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA HAS A TOTAL AREA OF ABOUT 1.76
MILLION SQUARE KILOMETERS (KM2).
• About 95 percent of the country is desert. The
cultivable area is estimated at about 2.2 million
hectares (ha) which is 1.2 percent of the total area
of the country
• The climatic conditions are influenced by the
Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Sahara desert
to the south, resulting in an abrupt transition from one
kind of weather to another
• Total population was about 5.7 million in 2004, including
some 0.8 million non-Libyans.
• The annual population growth rate for the period
1995-2000 was estimated at 2.2 percent.

7. Water Resources and Use
 Most water used in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya comes
from the huge fossil reserves.
 Renewable groundwater resources are estimated at 500
million m3/year
 The main characteristics of groundwater occurrence in
four systems which are relatively independent from each
other are as follows:
• The Western Aquifer system including three
interconnected sub-systems
• The Jifarah Plain system.
• The As Sarir Al Kufrah basin system.
• The Al Jabal al Akhdar system.

9. History:-
• In 1953 while drilling for oil in southern Libya,
workers found instead a huge freshwater
sea beneath the sands,a vast ocean called
the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System
(NSAS),which stretches beneath Libya,
Egypt, Chad and Sudan.
• The water had accumulated during the last
ice age.
• Its reserves are estimated to be the
equivalent to about500 years of Nile River
flow
and are expected to last a thousand years.

11. • It is already the world’s largest
irrigation project a
• the largest underground network of
pipes and aqueducts
• It supplies 6,500,000 cubic metres of
fresh water daily.
• From being one of the driest countries
on earth,the Libyan desert is now
blooming.
• Annual rainfall is extremely low, with
about 93 percent of the land surface
receiving less than 100 millimeters per

12. RENEWABLE Water Resources
• There have been several attempts during the last 25
years to introduce and expand sea water desalination
plants and wastewater treatment facilities
• A number of desalination plants of different sizes have
been built near large municipal centers and industrial
complexes. However, so far restrictions have been
imposed by the high cost of energy and spare parts.
• The contribution of the existing desalination plants is
almost negligible and exclusively used for domestic and
industrial purposes. The existing operating capacity of
installed plants is about 65 million m3/year,

14. WATER DEMAND AND USAGE
• the total water requirement to support basic food self-
sufficiency and to meet the domestic water demand of
the 12 million Libyans in the year 2025 is estimated to
range between 10.5 and 16.4 cubic kilometers per year
(km3/year), compared to 4.3 km3/year at present.
• The contribution of the existing desalination plants is
almost negligible and exclusively used for domestic and
industrial purposes. The existing operating capacity of
installed plants is about 65 million m3/year,

16. During this Research I have used the following books & sites:
References
 http://assets.nerdwallet.com/blog/nerdscholar/files/2013/08/s
hutterstock-windmills.jpg
 concise-environmental-engineering Hand book
 http://www.orwelltoday.com/librivermanmadegaddafi.shtml
 http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156964/
 http://www.globalwaterintel.com/client_media/images/articl
es/223.jpg
 http://image.slidesharecdn.com/healthandfoodsituationinliby
a2011-111111045701-phpapp01/95/health-and-food-
situation-in-libya-2011-12-728.jpg?cb=1320987486
 http://www.greenprophet.com/wp-
content/uploads/manmade-river-in-Libya-560x357.jpg

17. During this Research I have used the following books & sites:
References
 http://www.civil.engineering.utoronto.ca/Assets/Civil+Engineering+
Digital+Assets/research/environmental/Environmental+Engineering
+Footer.png
 http://www.civil.northwestern.edu/ees/files/cee_logo.png
 http://sites.lafayette.edu/kneya/files/2010/06/321overview.jpg
 http://students.egfi-k12.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/illustra-
environmental.jpg