Any form of parental behavior that appears likely to increase the fitness of the parent’s offspring. Parents of some animals go to great lengths to increase their offspring’s survival prospects by protecting them from predators, food shortages, desiccation, and a range of other environmental hazards. First off all they decide the oviposition site. Any place where small puddles of still water form can provide a suitable nesting site. Sites range from potholes, tapir tracks, and large leaves to human made ditches, road ruts, and even plastic bowls Rheobatrachus females brooded tadpoles in their stomachs, and the young emerged from the females In case of moor frogs, males stay to guard the clutch. They attack anyone who approaches it! They do not leave the post until tadpoles hatch. Only then, starving fathers go to land and may eat well.

3. PARENTAL CARE:
Parents of some animals go to great
lengths to increase their offspring’s
survival prospects by protecting them
from predators, food shortages,
desiccation, and a range of other
environmental hazards.

4. IN AMPHIBIANS :
First off all they decide the oviposition
site.
• Any place where small puddles of
still water form can provide a
suitable nesting site. Sites range
from potholes, tapir tracks, and
large leaves to human made
ditches, road ruts, and even plastic
bowls

5. STEPS:
Egg Attendance
Transportation of eggs
Direct nursing of larvae

6. EGG ATTENDANCE OR DIRECT NURSING :
L I M B L E S S A N D T A I L L E S S
A M P H I B I A N S C O M M O N L Y
K N O W N A S C A E C I L I A N S
A n u r a , U r o d e l a n s a n d
A p o a n s a t t e n d i n g e g g s

7. GENUS PIPA CARRY EGGS
ON THEIR BACKS

8. RHEOBATRACHUS FEMALES
BROODED TADPOLES IN THEIR
STOMACHS, AND THE YOUNG
EMERGED FROM THE FEMALES

9. In case of moor frogs, males stay to guard the clutch. They
attack anyone who
approaches it! They do not leave the post until tadpoles hatch.
Only then, starving fathers
go to land and may eat well.

10. Salamanders provide the anti predator
behavior usually from roof rat to their
eggs

11. PARENTAL CARE IN REPTILES
After they are laid, reptilian eggs are usually
abandoned Virtually bury their eggs in the
ground or in plant debris.

12. Most female aquatic turtles excavate a nest in
the soil near a water source, deposit their eggs
and leave, but yellow mud turtles exhibit a pattern
of parental care.

13. The female alligator will guard the nest until
the eggs hatch, and then provide
some parental care for up to 2 years.
Alligator with Babies
Alligator with Babies

14. PYTHONS INCUBATE THEIR
EGGS FOR A WHILE.

15. CONCLUSION :
From all the discussion and picture
references we can conclude that
amphibians and reptiles give parental
care on large scale. .

16. Thanks alot
ayesha safdar
17130814-029