1. PSYC 101 Friendly Reminders
Back from the CIAA? Make up Exam 1 today or tomorrow only!
Appointments must be scheduled in advance with Graduate Assistant,
Ms. Whitni Richardson in person(CLT 368) or via email: BSU.PSYC101@gmail.com
Give documented excuses for attending CIAA directly to your instructor.
Missed Lab last Friday?
Students with an excused absence must make up quiz by this Thursday, 3/7.
During any ULA office hours. No appointment necessary.
Writing Assignment #2 (due by 10am this Fri, March 8th)
Missed WA1? Complete it anyway; get feedback from ULAs to help you succeed on WA2.
Must complete survey to access dropbox.
Last call for feedback feedback from GAs/ULAs: 4pm this Wed 3/6
Exam 2 (Chapters 5 & 6)
Next week: Mon, March 11th through Thurs., March 14th
Check your BSU email or Bb Announcements for detailed
instructions on scheduling your exam appt.
Appointments are on a first come basis. Note: Thursday appointments always fill up
first.
Absolutely NO exceptions will be made for students that do not schedule or miss
their appointments.
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2. Chapter 6
Memory
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3. Memory
Remembering details or
information over time
3 Processes
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
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4. Memory Encoding
How information enters storage
Some enters automatically
Others require effort
Attention
Deep processing
Elaboration
Mental imagery
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5. Attention
Encoding requires paying attention
Selective Attention
Focusing on
specific aspects of
experience while
ignoring others
Limitation of
brain’s resources
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6. Attention
Divided Attention
Attending to several
things simultaneously
“Multi-tasking”
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7. Depth of Processing
Deeper processing = better memory
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8. Elaboration
Making different mental connections
Deep and elaborate processing is best
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9. Mental Imagery
Most powerful encoding tool
Dual-Code Hypothesis
Our memory for
pictures is better than
memory for words
Pictures stored as
image codes and verbal
codes
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10. Memory Storage
Where and how long
information is . . .
held over time
placed in our memory
Atkinson-Shiffrin Theory
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
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11. Sensory Memory
Holds sensory details for an instant
Echoic Memory
Auditory details
Held for several seconds
Iconic Memory
Visual details
Held for about ¼ second
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13. Short-Term Memory
Information held up to 30 seconds
Limited-capacity
Magic number = 7 ± 2 items
Strategies
Chunking
Group large info into meaningful chunks
Rehearsal
Deliberate repetition
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14. Working Memory
Temporary storage while working on a
mental task
1. Phonological Loop
Briefly stores sounds and speech
2. Visuospatial Working Memory
Briefly stores visual and spatial info
3. Central Executive
Combines both types
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15. Long-Term Memory
Relatively
permanent storage
Unlimited space
1.Explicit Memory
2.Implicit Memory
15 Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2010
20. PSYC 101 Friendly Reminders
Missed Lab last Friday?
Students with an excused absence must make up quiz by this Thursday, 3/7.
During any ULA office hours. No appointment necessary.
Writing Assignment #2 (due by 10am this Fri, March 8th)
Missed WA1? Complete it anyway; get ULA’s feedback for success on WA2.
Must complete survey to access dropbox.
Start early, get clarity and feedback from GAs/ULAs, turn it in early
Exam 2 (Chapters 5 & 6)
Next week: Mon, March 11th through Thurs., March 14th
Check your BSU email or Bb Announcements for detailed
instructions on scheduling your exam appt.
Consider your other midterm exams and obligations before scheduling
Reminder: Thursday appointments always fill up first.
Absolutely NO exceptions will be made for students that do not schedule
or miss their appointments.
20 Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2010
21. Memory Organization
Mental organization improves memory
Schema
Helps organize and
interpret new info
Scripts
The past shapes
our expectations
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22. Memory Location
Located in several places throughout the brain
Neurons
Specific sets
Neurotransmitters involved
Simultaneous neurons strengthens memory
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23. Memory Brain Structures
Explicit Memory Implicit Memory Frontal Lobe
cerebral cortex cerebellum Left
Encoding
temporal lobes
Right
limbic system Retrieval
23
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24. Memory Retrieval
Taking memory out of storage
Serial Position Effect
Tendency to remember
beginning or end of lists
Primacy Effect
Better recall for items at beginning
Recency Effect
Better recall for items at end
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25. Memory Retrieval
Factors that help retrieval
Retrieval Cues
Retrieval Tasks
Recall
Retrieve previously learned information
Recognition
Identify or recognize familiar information
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26. Memory Retrieval
Encoding Specificity Principle
Factors present during prompts your memory
Context-Dependent Memory
Same context or scenario
State-Dependent Memory
Same psychological state or mood
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27. Memory Retrieval
Personal memories
Autobiographical memories
Specialepisodic memories of your life
experiences
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28. Memory Retrieval
Emotional Memories
Flashbulb Memory
Vivid memory of emotionally
significant events
Personal not public events
Not = photographic memory
Memory for Traumatic Events
Vivid, detailed and accurate
Both more accurate but subject to
distortion
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29. Memory Retrieval
Repressed Memories
Forgotten memories of a very traumatic
Forgot that you forgot
May reflect motivated forgetting
29
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30. Eyewitness Testimony
Recalling what we saw/heard
Often involves emotional events
Errors due to:
time
distortion
bias
inaccuracy
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31. Why we Forget
Encoding Failure
Not‘forgotten’ ~ never encoded
Retrieval Failure
Storage problem
Brain condition
Fades over time
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33. Interference
Other information can block our memory
Proactive Interference
Previouslylearned info disrupts
learning new information
Retroactive Interference
Learning new info disrupts
retrieval of previous learning
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35. Forgetting
Decay
Memory trace
fades over time
Tip-of-the-Tongue
Phenomenon
Can almost recall
but cannot fully
access memory
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36. Prospective Memory
Remembering to do things in the future
timing (when)
content (what)
1. Time-Based Prospective Memory
2. Event-Based Prospective Memory
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37. Amnesia
Memory loss
Anterograde Amnesia
Cannot remember new information
Retrograde Amnesia
Cannot remember past information
Can still form new memories
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38. Memory Tips
For studying
Organize
Encode
Rehearse
Retrieve
For your life
Stay active as you age
Physically and intellectually
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