Amazon Elastic File System(EFS)은 클라우드 기반 네트워크 파일 시스템으로서 손쉽게 확장 가능한 탄력적인 파일 스토리지를 제공합니다. 다수의 Amazon EC2에 탑재하거나 Direct Connect를 통해 온프레미스와 연동 가능하며, 웹 콘텐츠, 엔터프라이즈 애플리케이션, 미디어 및 DB 백업 등 다양한 워크로드에서 활용 가능합니다. 본 세션에서는 지난 5월 서울 리전에 출시한 EFS 서비스에 대한 자세한 소개와 함께 다양한 활용 팁을 데모와 함께 소개해 드립니다.

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2018
김일호
Solutions Architect Manager
Amazon EFS (Elastic File System)
이해하고 사용하기

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강연 중 질문하는 방법
Go to Webinar “Questions” 창에 자신이 질문한 내역이
표시됩니다. 기본적으로 모든 질문은 공개로 답변
됩니다만 본인만 답변을 받고 싶으면 (비공개)라고 하고
질문해 주시면 됩니다.
본컨텐츠는고객의편의를위해AWS 서비스설명을위해온라인세미나용으로별도로제작, 제공된것입니다. 만약AWS 사이트와
컨텐츠상에서차이나불일치가있을경우, AWS 사이트(aws.amazon.com)가우선합니다. 또한AWS 사이트상에서한글번역문과영어
원문에차이나불일치가있을경우(번역의지체로인한경우등포함), 영어원문이우선합니다.
AWS는 본 컨텐츠에 포함되거나 컨텐츠를 통하여 고객에게 제공된 일체의 정보, 콘텐츠, 자료, 제품(소프트웨어 포함) 또는 서비스를 이용함으로 인하여 발생하는 여하한 종류의 손해에
대하여 어떠한 책임도 지지 아니하며, 이는 직접 손해, 간접 손해, 부수적 손해, 징벌적 손해 및 결과적 손해를 포함하되 이에 한정되지 아니합니다.
고지 사항(Disclaimer)

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Storage types

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Three types of storage
File ObjectBlock

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Three types of storage
File
Data stored as files in a
directory hierarchy
Shared over a network

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Three types of storage
Block
Data stored as blocks on a
disk or disks
Locally attached

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Three types of storage
Object
Data is stored as an object that’s
identified by a key in a flat space
Simple API to get and put data
based on key

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The AWS Storage Portfolio
Object
Amazon GlacierAmazon S3
Block
Amazon EBS
(persistent)
Amazon EC2
Instance Store
(ephemeral)
File
Amazon EFS

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Why is file storage so popular?
• Works natively with operating systems
• Provides shared access while providing
consistency guarantees and locking
functionality
• Provides hierarchical namespace

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How does performance compare?
File
Object
Block
Latency
Throughput

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DIY shared file storage…AZa
Clients
Storage
volumes
AZb
File server
Storage
volumes
File server

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Operating shared file storage today is a pain
Application owner
or developer
IT administrator
Business owner
• Estimate demand
• Procure hardware
• Set aside physical space
• Set up and maintain hardware (and network)
• Manage access and security
• Provide demand forecasts/business case
• Add lead times and extra coordination to your schedule
• Limit your flexibility and agility
• Make up-front capital investments, over-buy, stay on a
constant upgrade/refresh cycle
• Sacrifice business agility
• Distract your people from your business’s mission

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What is Amazon EFS?

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What is Amazon EFS?
• A fully managed file system for Amazon EC2 instances
• A file system interface with file system access semantics
that works with standard operating system APIs
• Sharable across thousands of instances
• Designed to grow elastically to petabyte scale
• Built for performance across a wide variety of workloads
• Highly available and durable
• Strong consistency

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Amazon EFS is Simple
• Fully managed
- No hardware, network, file layer
- Create a scalable file system in seconds!
• Seamless integration with existing tools and apps
- NFS v4.1—widespread, open
- Standard file system access semantics
- Works with standard OS file system APIs
• Simple pricing = simple forecasting
1

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Amazon EFS is Elastic
• File systems grow and shrink automatically
as you add and remove files
• No need to provision storage capacity or
performance
• You pay only for the storage space you use,
with no minimum fee
2

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• File systems can grow to petabyte scale
• Throughput and IOPS scale automatically
as file systems grow
• Consistent low latencies regardless of file
system size
• Support for thousands of concurrent NFS
connections
Amazon EFS is Scalable3

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• Designed to sustain AZ offline conditions
• Resources aggregated across multiple AZ’s
• Superior to traditional NAS availability
models
• Appropriate for Production / Tier 0
applications
Highly Durable and Highly Available4

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Key features of Amazon EFS
Simple ScalableElastic
Highly available and durable

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Performance modes

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Performance modes
G en eral P urpo se
(d efault)
Recommended for the
majority of workloads

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Performance modes
G en eral P urpo se
(d efault)
Recommended for the
majority of workloads
M ax I/O
Recommended for
scale out workloads
What it is for
Latency-sensitive applications
and general-purpose workloads
Large-scale and data-heavy
applications
Advantages
Lowest latencies for file
operations
Virtually unlimited ability to
scale out throughput/IOPS
Trade-offs
Limit of 7k ops/sec Slightly higher latencies
When to use
Best choice for most
workloads
Consider for large scale out
workloads

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Throughput modes

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Throughput modes
B urstin g Th ro ug h put
(d efault)
Recommended for the
majority of workloads

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Throughput modes
B urstin g Th ro ug h put
(d efault)
Recommended for the
majority of workloads
P ro visio n ed Th ro ug h put
Recommended for higher
throughput to storage
ratio workloads
New!

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Throughput modes
B urstin g Th ro ug h put
(d efault)
Recommended for the
majority of workloads
P ro visio n ed Th ro ug h put
Recommended for higher
throughput to storage
ratio workloads
New!
What it is for
Varying throughput
workloads
Higher consistent
throughput workloads
Advantages
Auto-scaling
throughput
User-defined
throughput
Trade-offs
Fixed throughput to
storage ratio
Separate throughput
charge
When to use
Best choice for most
workloads
Ingest or higher throughput
to storage ratio

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Provisioned Throughput mode

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Provisioned Throughput mode
In d epen d en t
th ro ug h put
Provision throughput
independent of
data stored

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Provisioned Throughput mode
In crease
As often as
you need
In d epen d en t
th ro ug h put
Provision throughput
independent of
data stored

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Provisioned Throughput mode
In crease
As often as
you need
S w itch o r
d ecrease
Once every 24+
hours
In d epen d en t
th ro ug h put
Provision throughput
independent of
data stored

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Security model & security features

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Security model & compliance
C o n tro l
n etw o rk traffic
using Amazon
VPC security
groups and
network ACLs

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Security model & compliance
C o n tro l
n etw o rk traffic
using Amazon
VPC security
groups and
network ACLs
C o n tro l file an d
d irecto ry access
using POSIX
permissions

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Security model & compliance
C o n tro l
n etw o rk traffic
using Amazon
VPC security
groups and
network ACLs
C o n tro l file an d
d irecto ry access
using POSIX
permissions
C o n tro l
ad m in istrative
access (A P I access)
using AWS IAM
(action-level and
resource-level
permissions)

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Security model & compliance
C o n tro l
n etw o rk traffic
using Amazon
VPC security
groups and
network ACLs
C o n tro l file an d
d irecto ry access
using POSIX
permissions
C o n tro l
ad m in istrative
access (A P I access)
using IAM
(action-level and
resource-level
permissions)
En crypt
d ata
at rest
in transit

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Security model & compliance
C o n tro l
n etw o rk traffic
using Amazon
VPC security
groups and
network ACLs
C o n tro l file an d
d irecto ry access
using POSIX
permissions
C o n tro l
ad m in istrative
access (A P I access)
using IAM
(action-level and
resource-level
permissions)
En crypt
d ata
at rest
in transit
A ch ieve
C o m plian ce
HIPAA-eligible
BAA
PCI DSS

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Where is Amazon EFS available today?
• US West (Oregon)
• US West (N. California)
• US East (N. Virginia)
• US East (Ohio)
• EU (Ireland)
• EU (Frankfurt)
• Asia Pacific (Sydney)
• Asia Pacific (Seoul)
• Asia Pacific (Tokyo)
More coming soon!

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Amazon EFS economics
No minimum commitments
or upfront fees
No need to provision
storage in advance
No other fees
or charges

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Bursting Throughput mode pricing
* US N. Virginia
$0.30/GiB-month*
S to rag e price
Pay only for the amount of
storage you use per month
Inclu des 50 KiB/s throughput
per GiB of storage
Single pricing dimension

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Provisioned Throughput mode pricing
* US N. Virginia
$0.30/GiB-month*
S to rag e price
Pay only for the amount of
storage you use per month
Inclu des 50 KiB/s throughput
per GiB of storage
Two pricing dimensions

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Provisioned Throughput mode pricing
* US N. Virginia
$0.30/GiB-month*
S to rag e price
Pay only for the amount of
storage you use per month
Inclu des 50 KiB/s throughput
per GiB of storage
Two pricing dimensions
$6.00/MiBps-month*
Th ro ug h put price
Pay only for the amount of
throughput you provision per month
A bo ve 50 KiB/s throughput
per GiB of storage

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Before Amazon EFS … DIY file storage costsAZ-a
Clients
Storage
volumes
AZ-b
File server
Storage
volumes
File server
Amazon EC2
instance costs
Inter-AZ data
transfer costs
Amazon EBS
volume costs

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TCO example
Amazon EFS cost: (500 GiB * $0.30/GiB-month*) = $150 per month
For DIY, you might provision 600 GiB of Amazon EBS (i.e., ~85% utilization):
Storage (2x 600 GiB EBS gp2 volumes): $120 per month
Compute (2x m4.xlarge instances): $290 per month
Inter-AZ data transfer costs (est.): $130 per month
Total: $540 per month
For storing 500 GiB, Amazon EFS is 70% less than DIY
* US N. Virginia pricing

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Designed for a wide spectrum of needs
S cale-o ut jo bs M etad ata-in ten sive jo bs
A n alytics
M ed ia
w o rkflo w s
En terprise apps an d m essag in g
W eb servin g
C o n ten t m an ag em en t
D atabase backups
C o n tain er sto rag e
D ev to o lin g
H o m e
d irecto ries
Low latency and serial I/OHigh throughput and parallel I/O

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Let’s dive deep into EFS

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Amazon EFS architecture
NFS clients Mount target
Mount target
Mount target
AZaAZbAZc
DNSName/FileSystemID
Amazon EFS
file system
NFS clients
NFS clients
Engineered for high availability
(no single points of failure)

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How do I test Amazon EFS?
C reate file system C reate m o un t targ ets M o un t file system

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How to manage file systems
Create a file system
Create and manage mount targets
Tag a file system
Manage a file system
View details on a file system
Delete a file system
API

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Kernel versions
Linux Kernel
use Lin ux kern el 4 .0 + *
e.g . A m azo n Lin ux 1 7 .0 9 .1 , U bun tu1 6 .0 4 o r 1 7 .1 0
• R H EL run n in g Lin ux kern el 3 .1 0 +
am azo n -efs-u tils

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Mount options
EFS Mount Helper
Use for encrypted or non-encrypted connections
Automatically uses recommended mount options
S im ple EFS m o un t
h elper co m m an d :
NFS Mount Helper
Use for encrypted* or non-encrypted connections
* manual setup & configuration required
Recommended
mount -t efs -o tls file-system-id efs-mount-point
S tan d ard N FS m o un t
h elper co m m an d :
mount -t nfs4 -o nfsvers=4.1,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,
hard,timeo=600,retrans=2 file-system-id.efs.region.amazonaws.com
efs-mount-point

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Functional testing
POSIX compliant & compliant with
NFS 4.0 & 4.1
But you always need to test your
application

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How do I test Amazon EFS performance?
Run a few
performance tests
against the file system

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Throughput test results*
Best practices
• U se m ultiple th read s
• W rite to m ultiple
d irecto ries in parallel
• U se larg er IO size
(ag g reg ate IO )
*tested from a single c5.large instance

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IOPS test results*
Best practices
• U se m ultiple th read s
• W rite to m ultiple
d irecto ries in parallel
*tested from a single c5.large instance

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Where is it coming from?
C o rpo rate
d ata cen ter
A m azo n Elastic
B lo ck S to re
(A m azo n EB S )
O th er clo ud
file system s
A m azo n S im ple
S to rag e S ervice
(A m azo n S 3 )

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EFS File Sync
Fast
Up to 5x faster than
standard Linux copy tools
Sync data from existing file systems into Amazon EFS file systems
Secure
Encrypted parallel data
transfer to AWS
Simple
Set up and manage easily
from the AWS Console
File systems from on-premises to EFS
DIY in-cloud file systems to EFS
EFS file systems between AWS Regions
Use EFS File Sync to copy

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How to leverage parallelism to copy data
faster?
rsync cp fpsync
cp +
GNU parallel
fpart + cpio +
GNU parallel
single-
threaded
single-
threaded
multi-
threaded
multi-
threaded
multi-
threaded
Poor
(very chatty)
Fair Good Better Best

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File transfer test results*
Best Practices
• U se a m ultiple-
th read ed to o l
• U se a less ”ch atty”
to o l
*tested on a single c5.large instance

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AWS CloudTrail API access logs
AWS
CloudTrail
Logs EFS API calls
from the console, SDK,
CLI
Amazon S3
bucket

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Amazon CloudWatch metrics
DataReadIOBytes
DataWriteIOBytes
MetaDataIOBytes
TotalIOBytes
BurstCreditBalance
PermittedThroughput
ClientConnections
PercentIOLimit*
Amazon
CloudWatch
* General Purpose only

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Amazon CloudWatch Dashboard
https://github.com/aws-samples/amazon-efs-tutorial/tree/master/monitoring

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Some tips

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Data Size and throughput
File system size Read/write throughput
A 1 TB EFS file system can… • Drive up to 50 MB/s continuously
or
• Burst to 100 MB/s for up to 12 hours each day*
A 10 TB EFS file system can… • Drive up to 500 MB/s continuously
or
• Burst to 1 GB/s for up to 12 hours each day*
A 100 GB EFS file system can… • Drive up to 5 MB/s continuously
or
• Burst to 100 MB/s for up to 72 minutes each day*

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Mount.nfs: Connection time out
$ sudo mount -t nfs -o
nfsvers=4.1,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,hard,timeo=600,
retrans=2,noresvport mount-target-ip:/ mnt [2+ minute wait
here] mount.nfs: Connection timed out
Ø Check EC2 instance configuration
Ø Check mount target ”security group”

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DNS Name fails
$ sudo mount -t nfs -o
nfsvers=4.1,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,hard,timeo=600,retrans=2,noresvport file-
system-id.efs.aws-region.amazonaws.com:/ mnt
mount.nfs: Failed to resolve server file-system-id.efs.aws-region.amazonaws.com:
Name or service not known.
Ø Check your VPC DHCP, DNS hostnames enabled

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Access FAQ
• Support access from multiple VPCs?
• Can be accesse from one Amazon VPC, but you can delete existing
mount targets, and create mount targets for a new VPC
• Can access from the internet?
• Only accessible from EC2 instances within Amazon VPC

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Wrap up

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Best practices
Multiple
threads
Multiple
directories
Multiple
instances
Large
I/O size
(aggregate
I/O)
EFS mount
helper
(NFSv4.1)
Linux
kernel
4.0+
Start w/
Bursting
Throughput
Mode
Test w/
General Purpose
Performance
Mode
Monitor
metrics

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72. ©2018, AmazonWebServices, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.©2018, AmazonWebServices, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Amazon EFS tutorials
https://github.com/aws-samples/amazon-efs-tutorial

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